Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jan O. Friedrich, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian
Summary: In a trial evaluating the efficacy of hydrocortisone in treating community-acquired pneumonia, researchers found a nearly 50% lower 28-day mortality rate in the hydrocortisone group compared to the placebo group. They also observed a higher incidence of septic shock in the placebo group. The trial did not allow the use of open-label glucocorticoids, which may have contributed to the higher mortality rate in the placebo group.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Hannah Lawrence, Tricia M. McKeever, Wei Shen Lim, British Thoracic Soc
Summary: The readmission rates for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the UK have increased over the past decade. This study aimed to describe the cohort of patients who were readmitted within 30 days after hospitalisation for CAP in England and explore the reasons for this. A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the British Thoracic Society audit, and it was found that pneumonia was the most common condition treated on readmission and had a higher mortality rate than other diagnoses.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Alexander Rombauts, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Guillermo Cuervo, Carlota Gudiol, Jordi Carratala
Summary: Despite ongoing efforts to identify biomarkers and effective treatment strategies for modulating the inflammatory response in CAP, ideal solutions have yet to be found. The contradictory results in studies concerning the role of immunomodulatory agents further complicates the task of adequately identifying the population who may benefit most.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Leigh M. Howard, Kathryn M. Edwards, Yuwei Zhu, Carlos G. Grijalva, Wesley H. Self, Seema Jain, Krow Ampofo, Andrew T. Pavia, Sandra R. Arnold, Jonathan A. McCullers, Evan J. Anderson, Richard G. Wunderink, Derek J. Williams
Summary: Clinical features did not reliably distinguish HMPV-associated pneumonia from other pathogens. HMPV-associated pneumonia was less severe than bacterial and adult RSV pneumonia, but was otherwise as or more severe than other common pathogens.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Rongmeng Jiang, Bing Han, Chang Dou, Fei Zhou, Bin Cao, Xingwang Li
Summary: The rationale for antibiotic treatment of viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults was analyzed, revealing a high rate of unreasonable antibiotic use, highlighting the need for clinicians to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Catia Cilloniz, Juan Manuel Pericas, Walter H. Curioso
Summary: This article reviews the factors related to CAP-associated outcomes, including host, microorganism, therapeutic approach, and health system organization. The aim is to discuss controversial points and provide recommendations for further research and patient management to improve CAP outcomes, beyond mortality.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Catia Cilloniz, Cristina Dominedo, Albert Gabarrus, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Jose Becerril, Diego Tovar, Estela Moreno, Juan M. Pericas, Carmen Rosa Vargas, Antoni Torres
Summary: This study aimed to describe the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of MSSA community-acquired pneumonia and found that MSSA CAP patients had higher 30-day mortality than pneumococcal CAP patients, with MSSA being an independent factor of mortality.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alex R. Schuurman, Tom D. Y. Reijnders, Tjitske S. R. van Engelen, Valentine Leopold, Justin de Brabander, Christine van Linge, Michiel Schinkel, Liza Pereverzeva, Bastiaan W. Haak, Xanthe Brands, Maadrika M. N. P. Kanglie, Inge A. H. van den Berk, Renee A. Douma, Daniel R. Faber, Prabath W. B. Nanayakkara, Jaap Stoker, Jan M. Prins, Brendon P. Scicluna, W. Joost Wiersinga, Tom van der Poll
Summary: This study identifies shared and distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in different aetiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which may guide new pathogen-specific therapeutic strategies.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Houchen Lyu, Sizheng Zhao, Jiatian Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Yilun Wang, Dongxing Xie, Chao Zeng, Guanghua Lei, Jie Wei, Hui Li
Summary: This study found that denosumab treatment does not significantly increase the susceptibility of community-acquired pneumonia compared to alendronate treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catia Cilloniz, Antoni Torres
Summary: Omadacycline is a new analog of the tetracycline class effective against atypical bacteria, staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical evidence shows that it provides reliable coverage for pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and species of Legionella, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma. Omadacycline is also active against MRSA, penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus agalactiae, as well as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. A recommended dose of 450 mg orally once daily, followed by a maintenance dose of 300 mg orally once daily, is effective for treatment without requiring dose adjustment based on patient characteristics.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhixiao Xu, Kun Guo, Weiwei Chu, Jingwen Lou, Chengshui Chen
Summary: Machine learning algorithms, especially the XGBoost algorithm, are feasible and effective in predicting adverse outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). These ML models based on common clinical features have great potential to guide individual treatment and subsequent clinical decisions.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Moe Uddin, Turab Mohammed, Mark Metersky, Antonio Anzueto, Carlos A. Alvarez, Eric M. Mortensen
Summary: This study aimed to examine the association between beta-lactam plus doxycycline and mortality for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. The study found that the use of doxycycline as part of guideline-concordant antibiotic therapy was associated with lower 30- and 90-day mortality than regimens without doxycycline.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chia-Cheng Tseng, Chih-Yen Tu, Chia-Hung Chen, Yao-Tung Wang, Wei-Chih Chen, Pin-Kuei Fu, Chin-Ming Chen, Chih-Cheng Lai, Li-Kuo Kuo, Shih-Chi Ku, Wen-Feng Fang
Summary: This study compared the prognostic accuracy of the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score with other clinical prediction rules for severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients. The results showed that the mNUTRIC score was a better predictor of clinical outcomes compared to other prediction rules.
Article
Immunology
Leigh M. Howard, Kathryn M. Edwards, Yuwei Zhu, Derek J. Williams, Wesley H. Self, Seema Jain, Krow Ampofo, Andrew T. Pavia, Sandra R. Arnold, Jonathan A. McCullers, Evan J. Anderson, Richard G. Wunderink, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: The study found that PIV was more commonly detected in children, but often co-detected with other pathogens. Clinical features of PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3 infections were similar in children and adult pneumonia patients. In children, PIV pneumonia was less severe than bacterial pneumonia.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dmitri Guz, Maayan Bracha, Yotam Steinberg, Dror Kozlovsky, Anat Gafter-Gvili, Tomer Avni
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin in the treatment of hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The results showed no significant difference in 30-day all-cause mortality between the two treatment groups, but the ampicillin group had a significantly lower rate of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Further research is needed to confirm these results.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Francisco Lopez-Medrano, Santiago Alfayate, Jordi Carratala, Judith Chamorro-Camazon, Elisa Cordero, Marta Cruz-Canete, Maria Fernandez-Prada, Manuel Garcia-Cenoz, Maria Angeles Marcos, Santiago Melon, Nemesio Moreno-Millan, Maria Angeles Onieva-Garcia, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu, Jaime Jesus Perez-Martin, Juan Rodriguez-Garcia, German Schwarz-Chavarri, Alfredo Tagarro-Garcia, Diego van Esso-Arbolave, Diego Viasus, Tomas Pumarola
Summary: "The influenza virus has significant impacts on individuals and society, putting a burden on the health system. This Consensus Document aims to simplify the approach to influenza virus infection and reduce its consequences on population health." (Source: Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of the Sociedad Espanola de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica)
ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Alexander Rombauts, Carmen Infante, Mikel del Alamo Martinez de Lagos, Jorge Alba, Adoracion Valiente, Carla Donado-Mazarron, Marta Carretero-Ledesma, Regino Rodriguez-Alvarez, Sonia Omatos, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Maria del Mar Silva-Sanchez, Ane Josune Goikoetxea-Agirre, Jose A. Oteo, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Elisa Cordero, Carlota Gudiol, Javier Sanchez-Cespedes, Jordi Carratala
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mario Fernandez-Ruiz, Marta Bodro, Isabel Gutierrez Martin, Regino Rodriguez-Alvarez, Maria Ruiz-Ruigomez, Nuria Sabe, Teresa Lopez-Vinau, Maricela Valerio, Aitziber Illaro, Jesus Fortun, Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre, Elisa Cordero, Maria del Carmen Farinas, Patricia Munoz, Elisa Vidal, Jordi Carratala, Josune Goikoetxea, Antonio Ramos-Martinez, Asuncion Moreno, Jose Maria Aguado
Summary: Retrospective study shows that isavuconazole is a safe and effective treatment option for invasive mold disease in solid organ transplantation recipients. Clinical response was achieved in over 50% of patients by weeks 6 and 12, and adverse events were relatively low.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diego Viasus, Antonella E. F. Simonetti, Lara Nonell, Oscar Vidal, Yolanda Meije, Lucia Ortega, Magdalena Arnal, Marta Bodalo-Torruella, Montserrat Sierra, Alexander Rombauts, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Gemma Blanchart, Carlota Gudiol, Jordi Carratala
Summary: We examined the differences in gene expression profiles in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who died during hospitalization and those who survived. Whole blood samples were obtained for genome-expression-profile analysis within 24 hours of admission. The study found significant differences in gene expression at hospital admission between patients who died and those who survived. These findings could help identify potential intervention targets and biomarkers for risk stratification.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Natalia Pallares, Cristian Tebe, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Alexander Rombauts, Isabel Oriol, Antonella F. Simonetti, Alejandro Rodriguez-Molinero, Elisenda Izquierdo, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Gemma Molist, Guadalupe Gomez Melis, Jordi Carratala, Sebastian Videla
Summary: This study aims to compare clinical features and outcomes between patients with and without a therapeutic ceiling of care at hospital admission. The study found that patients with a therapeutic ceiling of care were older, had more comorbidities, and fewer clinical signs at baseline. These patients had a higher incidence of death and complications compared to those without a therapeutic ceiling of care.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Francisco Lopez-Medrano, Santiago Alfayate, Jordi Carratala, Judith Chamorro-Camazon, Elisa Cordero, Marta Cruz-Canete, Maria Fernandez-Prada, Manuel Garcia-Cenoz, M. Angeles Marcos, Santiago Melon, Nemesio Moreno-Millan, Maria Angeles Onieva-Garcia, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu, Jaime Jesus Perez-Martin, Juan Rodriguez-Garcia, German Schwarz-Chavarri, Alfredo Tagarro-Garcia, Diego van Esso-Arbolave, Diego Viasus, Tomas Pumarola
Summary: This article is a collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies and covers the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of influenza virus infection. It aims to reduce the significant impact of influenza virus infection on the population's health.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rodrigo Alonso-Navarro, Margarita Ramirez, Mar Masia, Roger Paredes, Rocio Montejano, Marina Povar-Echeverria, Jordi Carratala, Miguel Salavert, Enrique Bernal, Carlos Duenas, Juan Flores, Francisco Fanjul, Isabel Gutierrez, Veronica Rico, Lourdes Mateu, Julen Cadinanos, Juan Berenguer, Alex Soriano
Summary: This study evaluated the variables associated with the need for ICU admission in COVID-19 patients receiving remdesivir, including the duration from symptom onset to remdesivir use. The results showed that a shorter duration from symptom onset to remdesivir use (within 5 days) decreased the risk of ICU admission. Other factors associated with ICU admission included clinical signs of severe disease and the use of corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Damaris Berbel, Nuria Fernandez-Hidalgo, Laura Escola-Verge, Patricia Munoz, Maria Olmedo, Miguel Angel Goenaga, Josune Goikoetxea, Mara Carmen Farinas, Arstides De Alarcon, Jose M. Miro, Guillermo Ojeda, Antonio Plata, Guillermo Cuervo, Jordi Carratala, GAMES Investigators
Summary: In a retrospective analysis, it was found that cephalosporin monotherapy was not associated with higher in-hospital mortality when the isolate showed intermediate susceptibility to penicillin. Therefore, for endocarditis caused by penicillin-intermediate streptococci, the use of cephalosporin monotherapy can avoid nephrotoxicity without affecting patient outcomes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mar Ronda, Ariadna Padulles, Imma Grau, Fe Tubau, Pau Satorra, Evelyn Shaw, Francesc Vigues, Jordi Carratala
Summary: This study aimed to test the impact of a prospective audit and feedback intervention combined with electronic tools on reducing carbapenem use. The results showed a significant decrease in carbapenem use during the intervention period, without any negative effects on patient outcomes. Overall antibiotic use also decreased.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alexander Rombauts, Marta Bodro, Victor Daniel Gumucio, Irene Carbonell, Alex Fava, Laura Llado, Jose Gonzalez-Costello, Federico Oppenheimer, Maria Angeles Castel-Lavilla, Oscar Len, Ester Marquez-Algaba, Xavier Nuvials-Casals, Daniel Martinez Gonzalez, Judith Sacanell Lacasa, Jordi Carratala, Nuria Sabe
Summary: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is common in the ICU, but little is known about its occurrence in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) and the efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis. A retrospective study compared SOTRs with and without nebulized amphotericin-B prophylaxis, showing a lower incidence of pulmonary mold infections in the prophylaxis group. Nebulized amphotericin-B was found to be safe and potentially effective in reducing the risk of CAPA in SOTRs with COVID-19. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Judit Aranda, Jose Loureiro-Amigo, Anna Murgadella, Nuria Vazquez, Lucia Feria, Miriam Munoz, Ariadna Padulles, Gabriela Abelenda, Carol Garcia-Vidal, Montse Tuset, Marta Albanell, Lucia Boix-Palop, Nuria Sanmarti-Martinez, Silvia Gomez-Zorrilla, Daniel Echeverria-Esnal, Alicia Rodriguez-Alarcon, Beatriz Borjabad, Ana Coloma, Jordi Carratala, Isabel Oriol
Summary: This study analyzed the prescription trends of COVID-19 treatments for hospitalized patients in Barcelona. The use of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine declined over time and was replaced by remdesivir. Tocilizumab use showed a varying trend, while dexamethasone use increased. Antibiotic use, particularly azithromycin, decreased after the initial months of the pandemic. The findings highlight the importance of adapting treatment strategies based on evolving scientific evidence.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Javier Martinez-Casanova, Erika Esteve-Pitarch, Helena Colom-Codina, Victor Daniel Gumucio-Sanguino, Sara Cobo-Sacristan, Evelyn Shaw, Kristel Maisterra-Santos, Joan Sabater-Riera, Xose L. Perez-Fernandez, Raul Rigo-Bonnin, Fe Tubau-Quintano, Jordi Carratala, Ariadna Padulles-Zamora
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin after continuous infusion administration in critically ill adult patients and determine the optimal dosing regimen. The population pharmacokinetic approach was used to analyze piperacillin concentrations from 106 patients. Creatinine clearance was found to be the most predictive factor of piperacillin clearance. The model developed can be used for initial dose guidance and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Grillo, Miquel Pujol, Josep M. Miro, Joaquin Lopez-Contreras, Gorane Euba, Oriol Gasch, Lucia Boix-Palop, Maria Jose Garcia-Pais, Maria Teresa Perez-Rodriguez, Silvia Gomez-Zorrilla, Isabel Oriol, Luis Eduardo Lopez-Cortes, Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet, Rafael San-Juan, Jose Maria Aguado, Francesca Gioia, Simona Iftimie, Laura Morata, Alfredo Jover-Saenz, Graciano Garcia-Pardo, Belen Loeches, Alvaro Izquierdo-Cardenas, Ane Josune Goikoetxea, Aina Gomila-Grange, Beatriz Dietl, Damaris Berbel, Sebastian Videla, Pilar Hereu, Ariadna Padulles, Natalia Pallares, Cristian Tebe, Guillermo Cuervo, Jordi Carratala, SAFO Study Grp
Summary: In hospitalized adults with MSSA bacteremia, combining cloxacillin with fosfomycin did not achieve better treatment success at day 7 compared to using cloxacillin alone. Further trials should consider the heterogeneity of the infection and use a personalized approach.
Article
Virology
Jose Luis Pinana, Inmaculada Heras, Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Irene Garcia-Cadenas, Lourdes Vazquez, Javier Lopez-Jimenez, Pedro Chorao, Cristina Aroca, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Ignacio Arroyo, Eva Soler-Espejo, Lucia Lopez-Corral, Alejandro Avendano-Pita, Anna Arrufat, Valentin Garcia-Gutierrez, Elena Arellano, Lorena Hernandez-Medina, Clara Gonzalez-Santillana, Julia Morell, Jose angel Hernandez-Rivas, Paula Rodriguez-Galvez, Mireia Mico-Cerda, Manuel Guerreiro, Diana Campos, David Navarro, Angel Cedillo, Rodrigo Martino, Carlos Solano
Summary: This study analyzed the outcomes of hematological patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received treatment with remdesivir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. The results showed that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was safe and effective for treating mild cases, while remdesivir was preferred for moderate to severe cases with a higher mortality rate. Factors such as male gender, corticosteroid use, and co-infection were associated with worse outcomes in patients treated with remdesivir.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Francisco Javier Candel, Miguel Salavert, Angel Estella, Miquel Ferrer, Ricard Ferrer, Julio Javier Gamazo, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Juan Gonzalez del Castillo, Victor Jose Gonzalez-Ramallo, Federico Gordo, Manuel Miron-Rubio, Javier Perez-Pallares, Cristina Pitart, Jose Luis del Pozo, Paula Ramirez, Pedro Rascado, Soledad Reyes, Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa, Borja Suberviola, Pablo Vidal, Rafael Zaragoza
Summary: Nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia are significant global health problems, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. This scientific manuscript reviews important aspects of the management of these infectious respiratory syndromes, providing updates on etiological perspectives, diagnostic techniques, treatment options, and preventive strategies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)