Review
Infectious Diseases
Hung-Hsiang Lai, Ming-Wei Lai
Summary: Helicobacter pylori infection can cause various gastrointestinal diseases, and the current treatment options for pediatric patients often fail to achieve satisfactory eradication rates. Further research is needed to establish the best practice for treating pediatric H. pylori infection.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Toshihiko Kakiuchi, Masumi Okuda, Muneaki Matsuo, Kazuma Fujimoto
Summary: This study evaluated the detection performance of Smart Gene (TM) for assessing clarithromycin-resistant mutation in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and found that it was comparable to real-time PCR and sequencing analysis. Additionally, the study showed that patients without CAM-resistant mutation had a higher success rate in CAM-containing triple therapy.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Yeong Yang, Jong-Bae Kim, Pyeongjae Lee, Sa-Hyun Kim
Summary: Evodiamine inhibits the growth of H. pylori by downregulating gene expressions related to replication and transcription machineries of the bacteria. Moreover, evodiamine also suppresses urease expression, leading to reduced translocation of CagA and VacA proteins into AGS cells. Additionally, evodiamine inhibits the activation of signaling proteins induced by H. pylori infection, contributing to reduction of IL-8 production in AGS cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ancuta Lupu, Ingrith Crenguta Miron, Andrei Tudor Cernomaz, Cristina Gavrilovici, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Iuliana Magdalena Starcea, Anca Lavinia Cianga, Bogdan Stana, Elena Tarca, Silvia Fotea
Summary: This study evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric gastritis, and the results showed a high incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection, especially in teenagers. Therefore, extensive prevention and treatment programs are needed.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hsuan Hsieh, Hsiao-Bai Yang, Bor-Shyang Sheu, Yao-Jong Yang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological pattern of H. pylori atrophic gastritis in children and the extent of precancerous lesions. The results showed that the prevalence rates of gastric glandular atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and spasmolytic peptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in children with H. pylori infection were 30.4%, 4.3%, and 8.7% respectively. SPEM and high-grade atrophy were more common in female patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosanna Capparelli, Domenico Iannelli
Summary: Epigenetics plays a role in regulating gene expression, cell differentiation, and response to environmental stimuli. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) uses DNA methylation to silence genes in human gastric mucosa, which is a primary cause of gastric cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Malfertheiner, M. Constanza Camargo, Emad El-Omar, Jyh-Ming Liou, Richard Peek, Christian Schulz, Stella I. Smith, Sebastian Suerbaum
Summary: Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis and can lead to severe gastroduodenal pathologies, including peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of this infection, and discusses patient quality of life and open research questions.
NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomohiko Yasuda, Hyun Seok Lee, Su Youn Nam, Hiroto Katoh, Yuko Ishibashi, Somay Yamagata Murayama, Hidenori Matsui, Hiroki Masuda, Emiko Rimbara, Nobuyuki Sakurazawa, Hideyuki Suzuki, Hiroshi Yoshida, Yasuyuki Seto, Shumpei Ishikawa, Seong Woo Jeon, Masahiko Nakamura, Sachiyo Nomura
Summary: Genetic analysis and culturing techniques for gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) are advancing, with NHPH reported to accompany certain gastric conditions. A study on Korean gastric cancer patients found a low percentage positive for NHPH, suggesting it may play a role in gastric cancer development, albeit with lower pathogenicity compared to H. pylori.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Li Tang, Bo Tang, Yuanyuan Lei, Min Yang, Sumin Wang, Shiping Hu, Zhuo Xie, Yaojiang Liu, Israel Vlodavsky, Shiming Yang
Summary: Chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection is associated with up-regulation of heparanase, which facilitates the colonization of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa and exacerbates gastritis. Heparanase sustains a vicious cycle of inflammation and tumor progression by activating macrophages and promoting cytokine release, potentially increasing the risk of gastric cancer. Inhibition of heparanase may be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing the risk of gastritis and gastric cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Toshihiko Kakiuchi
Summary: In this study, the success rate of eradicating H. pylori with VPZ-based regimens was compared between adults and children, and it was found that the success rate was lower in children, possibly due to higher enzymatic activity and shorter intestinal transit times. It is important to maintain a higher intragastric pH and reduce diarrhea to ensure the effectiveness of the therapy. Therefore, VPZ, which can suppress stomach acids more strongly, is considered a more relevant treatment for H. pylori eradication.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Agustina Taglialegna
Summary: In this study, Sharafutdinov et al. report the identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding the HtrA protease of Helicobacter pylori that is linked to gastric cancer.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Daniel Falush
Summary: The genome of Helicobacter pylori undergoes extensive mixing through homologous recombination, resulting in significant free recombination within populations. A recent study reveals that the UvrC gene in H. pylori has evolved an additional function, allowing very short DNA tracts to be imported into the genome during natural transformation.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dmitry S. Bordin, Irina N. Voynovan, Dmitrii N. Andreev, Igor Maev
Summary: This article reviews the various methods available for detecting Helicobacter pylori, including both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tests, highlights the advancements and new developments in endoscopic examination techniques, and discusses the advantages and limitations of different diagnostic methods and their applications.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Julie Nguyen, Kallirroi Kotilea, Patrick Bontems, Veronique Yvette Miendje Deyi
Summary: In the context of epidemiology, the manifestation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection varies between children and adults. The prevalence of H. pylori infection is decreasing globally, including in many developing countries. However, pediatric H. pylori infection and its consequences remain a concern in some areas. Most infected children do not show symptoms, and there is no evidence supporting the link between H. pylori and functional disorders like recurrent abdominal pain. The pathophysiology of H. pylori infection depends on complex bacterial virulence mechanisms and their interaction with the host immune system and environmental factors. Various gastritis phenotypes can develop, potentially leading to different gastroduodenal pathologies. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children requires upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with mucosal biopsy samples for histology and culture, or at least Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Eradication treatment should be given when necessary and compliance is expected, with treatment choice based on antimicrobial susceptibility. Vigilant surveillance of resistance patterns and strategic antibiotic management are crucial for combating multidrug resistance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Fernanda Gonzalez, Paula Diaz, Alejandra Sandoval-Borquez, Daniela Herrera, Andrew F. G. Quest
Summary: Extracellular vesicles are important in host-pathogen interactions, playing a role in modulating inflammatory responses and promoting disease development. Both EVs from cells infected with H. pylori and H. pylori-OMVs are involved in the development of gastric cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giovanna Esposito, Federica Turati, Diego Serraino, Anna Crispo, Eva Negri, Fabio Parazzini, Carlo La Vecchia
Summary: Adherence to the recommendations of the WCRF/AICR has a favorable role in reducing endometrial cancer risk, particularly among women with normal weight, older age, post-menopause, and those with more than 2 children.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Federica Turati, Federica Concina, Marta Rossi, Federica Fiori, Maria Parpinel, Martina Taborelli, Attilio Giacosa, Anna Crispo, Eleonora Pagan, Valentina Rosato, Eva Negri, Carlo La Vecchia
Summary: This study found an inverse association between the intake of galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) and colorectal cancer risk. No association was found with total inulin-type fructans (ITFs) and fructooligosaccharides (FOSs).
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Linia Patel, Carlo La Vecchia, Gianfranco Alicandro
Summary: This study analyzed data from 2842 subjects aged >= 40 years and found differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors between vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and vitamin D sufficiency status.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rossella Alfano, Daniela Zugna, Henrique Barros, Mariona Bustamante, Leda Chatzi, Akram Ghantous, Zdenko Herceg, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Theo M. de Kok, Tim S. Nawrot, Caroline L. Relton, Oliver Robinson, Theano Roumeliotaki, Augustin Scalbert, Martine Vrijheid, Paolo Vineis, Lorenzo Richiardi, Michelle Plusquin
Summary: This meta-analysis explored the association between cord blood DNA methylation and rapid weight growth in six European child cohorts. The results identified 47 CpG sites and 16 genomic regions that were associated with rapid weight growth. Further analysis revealed that DNA methylation partially mediated the effect of gestational age on rapid weight growth, and was also associated with childhood overweight and prenatal exposures. These findings provide potential opportunities for early prevention and intervention of childhood obesity.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rachel Valois, Catarina Tojal, Jose de Barros, Raquel Costa
Summary: This study analyzed and compared the language, memory, and learning outcomes of extremely preterm and very preterm children. It found that lower maternal age and education increased the risk of poor language performance, while lower maternal education and gestational age increased the likelihood of poor memory performance. Children living in disadvantaged social contexts were also at a higher risk of suboptimal cognitive development.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ahmed Elhakeem, Amy E. Taylor, Hazel M. Inskip, Jonathan Y. Huang, Toby Mansell, Carina Rodrigues, Federica Asta, Sophia M. Blaauwendraad, Siri E. Haberg, Jane Halliday, Margreet W. Harskamp-van Ginkel, Jian-Rong He, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Sharon Lewis, Gillian M. Maher, Yannis Manios, Fergus P. McCarthy, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Franca Rusconi, Theodosia Salika, Muriel Tafflet, Xiu Qiu, Bjorn O. Asvold, David Burgner, Jerry K. Y. Chan, Luigi Gagliardi, Romy Gaillard, Barbara Heude, Maria C. Magnus, George Moschonis, Deirdre Murray, Scott M. Nelson, Daniela Porta, Richard Saffery, Henrique Barros, Johan G. Eriksson, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Deborah A. Lawlor
Summary: This study aimed to examine the associations of assisted reproductive technology (ART) conception with offspring cardiometabolic health outcomes and whether these associations differ with age. The researchers found small and statistically non-significant differences in offspring cardiometabolic outcomes between ART-conceived and naturally conceived offspring. The study concluded that these findings should reassure individuals receiving ART, but longer-term follow-up is needed to investigate changes in the risks of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular disease over adulthood.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Joy Shi, Peter Kraft, Bernard A. Rosner, Yolanda Benavente, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Chu Chen, Megan A. Clarke, Linda S. Cook, Laura Costas, Luigino Dal Maso, Jo L. Freudenheim, Jon Frias-Gomez, Christine M. Friedenreich, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Marc T. Goodman, Lisa Johnson, Carlo La Vecchia, Fabio Levi, Jolanta Lissowska, Lingeng Lu, Susan E. McCann, Kirsten B. Moysich, Eva Negri, Kelli O'Connell, Fabio Parazzini, Stacey Petruzella, Jerry Polesel, Jeanette Ponte, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Peggy Reynolds, Fulvio Ricceri, Harvey A. Risch, Carlotta Sacerdote, Veronica W. Setiawan, Xiao-Ou Shu, Amanda B. Spurdle, Britton Trabert, Penelope M. Webb, Nicolas Wentzensen, Lynne R. Wilkens, Wang Hong Xu, Hannah P. Yang, Herbert Yu, Mengmeng Du, Immaculata De Vivo
Summary: To mitigate the burden of endometrial cancer, risk stratification can help target interventions. The study developed risk prediction models using data from postmenopausal White women aged 45-85 years. The models based on epidemiologic factors alone successfully identified women at high risk of endometrial cancer, with limited improvements from genetic factors.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Barbara D'Avanzo, Ilaria Ardoino, Eva Negri, Diego Serraino, Anna Crispo, Attilio Giacosa, Werner Garavello, Francesca Bravi, Federica Turati, Cristina Bosetti, Elena Fattore, Carlo La Vecchia, Carlotta Franchi
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between canned fish consumption and the risk of upper digestive tract cancers. The findings suggest that canned fish may have a beneficial role in reducing the risk of oral cavity and pharynx cancer and gastric cancer, but not esophageal cancer.
NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Luisa Lopes-Conceicao, Barbara Peleteiro, Natalia Araujo, Teresa Dias, Filipa Fontes, Susana Pereira, Nuno Lunet
Summary: This study aimed to describe pet ownership in a breast cancer cohort within 5 years post-diagnosis and identify associated factors. Results showed that 51.7% of patients had pets at diagnosis, which increased to 58.4% at 5 years. Women with depressive symptoms and poor quality of life were more likely to stop having pets, while older and unpartnered women were less likely to start having pets.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elsa Lorthe, Carolina Santos, Jose Pedro Ornelas, Julia Nadine Doetsch, Sandra C. S. Marques, Raquel Teixeira, Ana Cristina Santos, Carina Rodrigues, Goncalo Goncalves, Pedro Ferreira Sousa, Joao Correia Lopes, Artur Rocha, Henrique Barros
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of recruiting and following up an e-cohort of adults born preterm worldwide and provide estimations of participation, characteristics of participants, the acceptability of questions, and the quality of data collected. The results showed that a total of 1004 persons had registered on the platform, with 333 participants completing the baseline questionnaire and 119 participants participating in the follow-up. The participants were diverse in sociodemographic and health characteristics, and the data collected had good quality.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giulia Collatuzzo, Eva Negri, Claudio Pelucchi, Rossella Bonzi, Federica Turati, Charles S. Rabkin, Linda M. Liao, Rashmi Sinha, Domenico Palli, Monica Ferraroni, Lizbeth Lopez-Carrillo, Nuno Lunet, Samantha Morais, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Dominick Parisi, David Zaridze, Dmitry Maximovitch, Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, Jose Juan Jimenez-Moleon, Jesus Vioque, Manoli Garcia de la Hera, Maria Paula Curado, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Raul Ulises Hernandez-Ramirez, Malaquias Lopez-Cervantes, Mary H. Ward, Shoichiro Tsugane, Akihisa Hidaka, Areti Lagiou, Pagona Lagiou, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Antonia Trichopoulou, Anna Karakatsani, Maria Constanza Camargo, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Boffetta
Summary: A meta-analysis of 16 studies found no significant association between yoghurt consumption and gastric cancer risk.
Article
Oncology
Giulia Collatuzzo, Claudia Santucci, Matteo Malvezzi, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Boffetta, Eva Negri
Summary: This study found that gastric cancer mortality rates have been declining globally since 1990, with variations between countries and regions. It is predicted that gastric cancer mortality rates will continue to decline in most countries, except for certain demographics in France, the US, and Canada. The proportion of cardia and noncardia gastric cancer also varies across different regions.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alice Sacco, Claudio Montalto, Francesca Bravi, Giacomo Ruzzenenti, Laura Garatti, Jacopo A. Oreglia, Antonio L. Bartorelli, Gabriele Crimi, Carlo LA Vecchia, Stefano Savonitto, Sergio Leonardi, Fabrizio G. Oliva, Nuccia Morici
Summary: In this study, early PCI was not found to be independently associated with improved prognosis in NSTE-ACS patients, regardless of the presence of CKD. However, there was a trend towards improved outcomes in patients with preserved renal function.
MINERVA CARDIOLOGY AND ANGIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ines Ribeiro, Barbara Peleteiro, Jose Luis Fougo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on breast cancer patients in a specialized breast cancer center. By analyzing data from 501 patients with first appointments from April 1st, 2019 to March 31st, 2021, it was found that after the pandemic declaration, there was a decrease in referral by screening programs, a reduction in waiting time, and more advanced clinical presentations. The conclusion is that the COVID-19 pandemic led to delayed breast cancer screening, resulting in later detection of breast cancer in patients.
CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tania Jorge, Sofia Sousa, Isabel do Carmo, Nuno Lunet, Patricia Padrao
Summary: Trained observers can accurately estimate weight status in adults through structured observation, providing a useful and accurate alternative to direct measurement or self-reported weight. They are able to distinguish normal weight from overweight/obesity with high sensitivity and specificity, and substantial interrater reliability.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)