Review
Oncology
Adam M. Kase, Daniel J. George, Sundhar Ramalingam
Summary: Biological discoveries in the past two decades have revolutionized the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The development of agents targeting pro-angiogenic pathways and immunogenicity have significantly impacted the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clear cell is the most common subtype, and therapies have focused on the Von Hippel Lindau gene alterations, leading to the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Combinations of these treatments have become the standard of care for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with promising new therapeutic targets under development.
Review
Oncology
Kevin K. Zarrabi, Oladimeji Lanade, Daniel M. Geynisman
Summary: Kidney cancer is a common type of cancer, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma being the most frequent form. Treatment options for newly diagnosed metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma include surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies. The complexity of treatment selection has increased due to the diverse biology of tumors. The therapeutic landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma has rapidly evolved, with combination therapy strategies involving immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy becoming the standard of care.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
In-Ho Kim, Hyo Jin Lee
Summary: Approximately 400,000 patients are diagnosed with kidney cancer annually worldwide, resulting in approximately 170,000 deaths. Clear cell RCC is the most common subtype, accounting for about 85% of metastatic RCC cases. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown promising results and become the standard of care for advanced clear cell RCC.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Xiaoyang Wang, Robert Lopez, Rebecca A. Luchtel, Sassan Hafizi, Benjamin Gartrell, Niraj Shenoy
Summary: This article reviews the advancements in targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment landscape of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) over the last decade, emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanisms adopted by RCC cells to evade immune killing and exploring current clinical trials and future directions in the field.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Viktor Gruenwald, Walter J. Storkus
Summary: This collection focuses on the immunobiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the impact of immunotherapy in treating RCC, and the identification of biomarkers related to patient outcomes and response to immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Alexander Chehrazi-Raffle, Luis Meza, Marice Alcantara, Nazli Dizman, Paulo Bergerot, Nicholas Salgia, JoAnn Hsu, Nora Ruel, Sabrina Salgia, Jasnoor Malhotra, Ewa Karczewska, Marcin Kortylewski, Sumanta Pal
Summary: This study found that specific plasma cytokines were associated with clinical benefit in patients with renal cell carcinoma receiving VEGF-TKI or ICI therapy. These findings support further investigation into plasma cytokines as potential biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Liu-xun Chen, Shen-jie Zeng, Xv-dong Liu, Hai-bin Tang, Jia-wu Wang, Qing Jiang
Summary: This study characterizes the intercellular communications within the ccRCC microenvironment and shows their impact on prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. It reveals a potential relationship between the VHL phenotype and the landscape of cell-cell communication. Moreover, these communication molecules also influence the development and infiltration of T cells and myeloid cells. Different clusters of intercellular communications have significant predictive value for prognosis and distinguish immunotherapy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bin Zheng, Fang Xie, Fajuan Cheng, Jianwei Wang, Zhongshun Yao, Wei He, Zhihong Niu
Summary: This study comprehensively assessed the tumor microenvironment of kidney cancer, identified two immune-related hub genes - IGLL5 and IL2RA, and validated their clinical application value in ccRCC and pRCC. Drug response was also predicted based on selected genes, revealing novel drug candidates for RCC treatment.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
T. K. Choueiri, T. Powles, M. Burotto, B. Escudier, M. T. Bourlon, B. Zurawski, V. M. Oyervides Juarez, J. J. Hsieh, U. Basso, A. Y. Shah, C. Suarez, A. Hamzaj, J. C. Goh, C. Barrios, M. Richardet, C. Porta, R. Kowalyszyn, J. P. Feregrino, J. Zolnierek, D. Pook, E. R. Kessler, Y. Tomita, R. Mizuno, J. Bedke, J. Zhang, M. A. Maurer, B. Simsek, F. Ejzykowicz, G. M. Schwab, A. B. Apolo, R. J. Motzer
Summary: The study demonstrates that nivolumab plus cabozantinib has significant advantages over sunitinib in the treatment of previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma, including progression-free survival, overall survival, and likelihood of response.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jie Liu, Jiangfan Xu, Tong Zhang, Kailong Xu, Peihua Bao, Zhibo Zhang, Kaiwen Xue, Ruyi He, Lixin Ma, Yang Wang
Summary: This study provides insights into the immune characteristics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) using single-cell transcriptomic profiling, revealing an increase in T-cell and myeloid populations and a decrease in B-cell population in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Marker genes associated with specific cell types were identified, contributing to a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Eun-mi Yu, Laura Linville, Matthew Rosenthal, Jeanny B. Aragon-Ching
Summary: The use of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinomas has advanced rapidly in recent years. Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors have further improved outcomes. Promising therapies are expected to make more breakthroughs in the future.
Review
Oncology
Shuchi Gulati, Chris Labaki, Georgia Sofia Karachaliou, Toni K. Choueiri, Tian Zhang
Summary: The treatment paradigm for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma has changed dramatically in recent decades. Combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the first-line treatment for mccRCC. There are currently multiple first-line treatment options, and physicians need to consider various factors to determine the optimal treatment regimen.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Stefano Bibbo, Serena Porcari, Livio Enrico Del Vecchio, Andrea Severino, Benjamin H. Mullish, Gianluca Ianiro, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in cancer development and treatment. Modulating the gut microbiome has shown to enhance the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially in the treatment of renal cancer.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoon-Soo Hah, Kyo-Chul Koo
Summary: Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor with various tumor microenvironments. The immune system is activated in response to cancer development, with CD8 T cells known to play a crucial role in improving clinical outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized immunotherapy for RCC, showing significant effectiveness in combination strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Siteng Chen, Encheng Zhang, Liren Jiang, Tao Wang, Tuanjie Guo, Feng Gao, Ning Zhang, Xiang Wang, Junhua Zheng
Summary: This study developed a robust prognostic model using deep learning algorithm to accurately predict the survival status of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. The model also showed excellent performance in stratifying survival risks and its association with immune regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Vasilis Stavrinides, Angus Dalgleish, John P. Copier, Caroline M. Moore
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Oncology
P. L. Smith, Y. Yogaratnam, M. Samad, S. Kasow, A. G. Dalgleish
Summary: Chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer is limited in efficacy due to difficulty in treating established tumors and tumor resistance. This study investigated the impact of combining Gemcitabine with immune modulatory chemotherapies on the immunogenicity of pancreatic tumor cells and T-cell responses, showing both additive and inhibitory effects on immune recognition markers. The findings highlight complex interactions in designing chemo-immunogenic combinations for use with immunotherapy.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gustav van Niekerk, Angus G. Dalgleish, Fourie Joubert, Annie Joubert, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
Summary: Insulin regulates immune cell phenotypes through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, potentially impacting ICB therapy; Insulin interacts with immune pathways such as JAK/STAT, and is regulated by PD-1 and CTLA-4.
Review
Oncology
Wai M. Liu, Angus G. Dalgleish
Summary: Considering the increase in anecdotal reports, LDN shows potential in cancer treatment through its effects on receptors, immune function, and signaling pathways involved in cancer cell control. Clinical trials, especially in combination with certain chemotherapy, are recommended.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Katarzyna Piadel, Amin Haybatollahi, Angus George Dalgleish, Peter Lawrence Smith
Summary: The study investigates alternative vaccine strategies to broaden T-cell responses and provide cross-immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future coronavirus outbreaks. Highly conserved peptides containing immunogenic epitopes were synthesized and demonstrated antigenicity against T-cells from individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Wai M. Liu, Nadine K. Hall, Harry S. Y. Liu, Francis L. Hood, Angus G. Dalgleish
Summary: The combination of CBD and LDN, administered in a specific sequence, significantly reduces cancer cell numbers and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy. This effect is also observed in a mouse model, with no significant toxicity.
Article
Oncology
Tze Min Wah, Jim Zhong, Michelle Wilson, Naveen S. Vasudev, Rosamonde E. Banks
Summary: Ablation techniques using extreme temperatures can kill cancer cells and stimulate an immune response in patients, acting like a vaccine. Combining ablation with immune-targeting drugs may enhance treatment effects, but further understanding of the impact on patients' immune systems and cancer cells is needed. Studying the biological changes induced by ablation is crucial for informing the design of trials testing combined immunotherapies with ablation.
Article
Immunology
Peter Lawrence Smith, Katarzyna Piadel, Angus George Dalgleish
Summary: Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment, but only a minority of patients respond to this treatment and some cancers are resistant to it. CD4(+) and CD8(+) alpha beta T-cells play a crucial role in the anti-tumor immune response, but their function is often compromised in cancer patients.
Article
Immunology
J. Fenn, L. A. Ridgley, A. White, C. Sarfas, M. Dennis, A. Dalgleish, R. Reljic, S. Sharpe, M. Bodman-Smith
Summary: This study demonstrates that Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) can expand V delta 2(+) T cells and enhance their cytotoxicity against tumor cells, suggesting its potential in enhancing anti-tumor responses. Compared to zoledronic acid (ZA) expanded cells, BCG-expanded cells exhibit a more diverse range of cytokine production and lower upregulation of exhaustion marker CD57. These findings highlight the potential of BCG treatment in potentiating anti-tumor V delta 2(+) T cell responses.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
John T. Schiller, Douglas R. Lowy
Summary: Given the renewed interest in vaccine development sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic, this article revisits the current state of vaccine development for cancer prevention and treatment. Experts discuss different vaccine types, their antigens and modes of action, and provide insights into the clinical development progress and challenges that need to be overcome for wide implementation.
Article
Oncology
Angus G. Dalgleish, Wai M. Liu
Summary: This study described the use of a novel immunotherapy, IMM-101, in combination with conventional treatments in patients with prostate cancer. The results showed that IMM-101 treatment, along with an anti-inflammatory agent, led to clinical improvements and reduction in prostate-specific antigen levels in some patients.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Christine Galustian, Angus Dalgleish, Mark Bodman-Smith, Sergei Kusmartsev, Prokar Dasgupta
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Laura A. Ridgley, Jonathan Caron, Angus Dalgleish, Mark Bodman-Smith
Summary: The expression of activatory and inhibitory receptors on V gamma 9V delta 2 T-cells was assessed to explore the potential regulation of their activity. The results showed that V gamma 9V delta 2 T-cells expressed high levels of activatory markers and variable levels of inhibitory receptors, which were upregulated upon stimulation. However, immune checkpoint blockade had no effect on the cytotoxic capacity or cytokine production of V delta 2+ T-cells when cultured with tumor cells expressing cognate ligands.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Angus G. Dalgleish, Emma McLean, Nirav Patel, Najib Rahman
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE CASE REPORTS
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Peter L. Smith, A. G. Dalgleish
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Diego de Miguel-Perez, Edward M. Pickering, Umberto Malapelle, William Grier, Francesco Pepe, Pasquale Pisapia, Gianluca Russo, Joseph A. Pinto, Alessandro Russo, Giancarlo Troncone, Melissa J. Culligan, Katherine A. Scilla, Ranee Mehra, Pranshu Mohindra, Oscar Arrieta, Andres F. Cardona, Marzia Del Re, Ashutosh Sachdeva, Fred R. Hirsch, Andrea Wolf, Joseph S. Friedberg, Christian Rolfo
Summary: In this study, genetic alterations in resectable pleural mesothelioma tissues and blood samples were analyzed, and it was found that high tissue tumor mutational burden, tissue median minor allele frequency, blood tumor mutational burden, and specific mutations were correlated with outcomes in patients with resected PM. These findings suggest that molecular profiling could help identify longer survivors in patients with resected PM.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Davide Melisi, Camilla Zecchetto, Valeria Merz, Giuseppe Malleo, Luca Landoni, Alberto Quinzii, Simona Casalino, Federica Fazzini, Marina Gaule, Camilla Pesoni, Luca Casetti, Alessandro Esposito, Giovanni Marchegiani, Cristiana Piazzola, Mirko D'Onofrio, Riccardo de Robertis, Armando Gabbrielli, Laura Bernardoni, Stefano F. Crino, Silvia Pietrobono, Claudio Luchini, Camillo Aliberti, Guido Martignoni, Stefano Milleri, Giovanni Butturini, Aldo Scarpa, Roberto Salvia, Claudio Bassi
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and activity of liposomal irinotecan in the perioperative treatment of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (rPDAC) patients. The results showed that NALIRIFOX has manageable and active outcomes, and should be further investigated in randomized trials comparing it to standard upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Eric Jonasch, Todd M. Bauer, Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Jaime R. Merchan, David F. Mcdermott, M. Dror Michaelson, Leonard J. Appleman, Ananya Roy, Rodolfo F. Perini, Yanfang Liu, Toni K. Choueiri
Summary: After a median follow-up of 41.2 months, belzutifan monotherapy demonstrated durable antitumor activity in patients with advanced ccRCC and acceptable safety.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Patricia A. H. Hamers, Geraldine R. Vink, Marloes A. G. Elferink, Leon M. G. Moons, Cornelis J. A. Punt, Anne M. May, Miriam Koopman
Summary: Screen-detection of the primary tumor is associated with longer overall survival after metachronous metastasis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Camilla Nero, Nicolo Bizzarri, Stefano Di Berardino, Francesca Sillano, Giuseppe Vizzielli, Francesco Cosentino, Virginia Vargiu, Pierandrea De Iaco, Anna Myriam Perrone, Enrico Vizza, Benito Chiofalo, Stefano Uccella, Fabio Ghezzi, Luigi Carlo Turco, Giacomo Corrado, Diana Giannarelli, Tina Pasciuto, Gian Franco Zannoni, Anna Fagotti, Giovanni Scambia
Summary: This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of sentinel-lymph-node mapping compared to systematic lymphadenectomy in detecting lymph node metastasis in early stage ovarian cancer. The results show that sentinel-lymph-node mapping did not reach the expected sensitivity, but ultra-staging protocol improved the accuracy of diagnosis for patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Adriana Hepner, Judith M. Versluis, Roslyn Wallace, Clara Allayous, Lauren Julia Brown, Claudia Trojanielloh, Camille Lea Gerardi, Yanina J. L. Jansenj, Prachi Bhave, Bart Neyns, Andrew Haydon, Olivier Michielin, Joanna Manganan Oliver Klein, Alexander N. Shoushtari, Allison Betof Warner, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Jennifer Leigh McQuade, Matteo S. Carlino, Lisa Zimmer, Celeste Lebbe, Douglas B. Johnson, Shahneen Sandhu, Victoria Atkinson, Christian U. Blank, Serigne N. Lo, Georgina V. Long, Alexander M. Menzies
Summary: Acquired resistance to PD-1 therapy in melanoma is mainly oligometastatic, and patients may have a favorable survival outcome following salvage treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Savannah Roy, Stephanie Lakritz, Anna R. Schreiber, Elizabeth Molina Kuna, Cathy J. Bradley, Lavanya Kondapalli, Jennifer R. Diamond
Summary: This study evaluates major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in older women with TNBC treated with anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy (ATAX) compared to taxane-based chemotherapy (TAX). The results show that ATAX does not increase the risk of MACE and there is no difference in survival between patients who received TAX and ATAX.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Letter
Oncology
Pei-Chun Weng, Yau-Li Huang, Chun-Yu Cheng
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Philipp Jansen, Jean Le 'Clerc Arrastia, Daniel Otero Baguer, Maximilian Schmidt, Jennifer Landsberg, Joerg Wenzel, Michael Emberger, Dirk Schadendorf, Eva Hadaschik, Peter Maass, Klaus Georg Griewank
Summary: This study highlights the enormous potential of artificial intelligence in pathology, showing that it can aid in the identification of rare cutaneous adnexal tumors and potentially become a standard tool in routine diagnostics.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Casper W. F. van Eijck, Gaby Strijk, Eveline E. Vietscha, Fleur van der Sijde, Maaike Verheij, Dana A. M. Mustafa, Madelief Vinkc, Joachim G. J. V. Aerts, Casper H. J. van Eijck, Marcella Willemsen
Summary: The study reveals that FOLFIRINOX has immunomodulatory effects, suggesting its potential in immune-based combination therapies for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, certain plasma proteins hold promise as circulating predictive biomarkers for early prediction of FOLFIRINOX response in patients with pancreatic cancer.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Marwan Fakih, Chongkai Wang, Jaideep Sandhu, Jian Ye, Colt Egelston, Xiaochen Li
Summary: This study explores the impact of metastatic sites on treatment outcomes for chemotherapy-refractory colorectal cancer patients. It found that patients with liver or peritoneal metastases had poor treatment outcomes, while those with lung-only metastases showed significant response. The presence of concurrent lymph node or other extrahepatic metastatic disease diminished treatment response in patients with lung metastases. Future checkpoint inhibitor trials should stratify patients based on metastatic locations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Georgios Christos Tsiatsianis, Candace S. Y. Chan, Ioannis Mouratidis, Nikol Chantzi, Anna Maria Tsiatsiani, Nelson S. Yee, Apostolos Zaravinos, Verena Kantere, Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
Summary: The study reveals that nullpeptides can serve as biomarkers for cancer detection and treatment, particularly in highly recurrent cancer patients. These nullpeptides primarily occur in highly expressed genes, particularly in specific loci of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recurrent nullpeptides are more likely to be found in neoantigens, which play a significant role in immunotherapy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
