Review
Sport Sciences
Barry A. A. Spiering, Jonathon Weakley, Inigo Mujika
Summary: This review aims to understand the effects of bed rest on physical performance in athletes, discuss potential countermeasures, and identify recovery timelines. However, there is currently limited research on the effects of bed rest specifically in athletes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert Trybulski, Marta Bichowska, Rafal Piwowar, Anna Pisz, Michal Krzysztofik, Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik, Krzysztof Fostiak, Piotr Makar, Michal Wilk
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of ischemia on maximal number of repetitions, time under tension, and bar velocity during bench press exercise. The results showed that ischemia significantly decreased the time under tension. Therefore, exercising with ischemia does not enhance strength-endurance performance and bar velocity.
Article
Neurosciences
Benoit Smeuninx, Yasir S. Elhassan, Elizabeth Sapey, Alison B. Rushton, Paul T. Morgan, Marie Korzepa, Archie E. Belfield, Andrew Philp, Matthew S. Brook, Nima Gharahdaghi, Daniel Wilkinson, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Leigh Breen
Summary: This study found that prior resistance exercise can attenuate the impairment of myofibrillar protein synthesis during bed rest in older adults, reducing muscle loss and improving overall health outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo, Nicola Fiotti, Zoran Milanovic, Roberta Situlin, Filippo Mearelli, Pierandrea Vinci, Bostjan Simunic, Rado Pisot, Marco Narici, Gianni Biolo
Summary: Experimental bed rest has detrimental effects on muscle mass and function, particularly in older adults. Bed rest leads to decreases in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and power, as well as potential changes in muscle protein kinetics. The duration of bed rest appears to have a significant impact on the observed outcomes, with older adults experiencing greater declines in muscle mass compared to younger individuals.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. R. Murray, S. Wasef, Heather Edgell
Summary: Short-term head-down bed rest does not alter the hypoxic ventilatory response but enhances the hypercapnic ventilatory response. This enhancement is hypothesized to be due to cephalic CO2 accumulation from cerebral congestion.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Robert Solsona, Hugues Berthelot, Fabio Borrani, Anthony M. J. Sanchez
Summary: The study found that sprint interval exercises (SIT) with gravity-induced blood flow restriction (G-BFR) led to lower mechanical, cardiorespiratory, and skeletal muscle oxygenation responses compared to other conditions. Training with BFR at 60% occlusive pressure (BFR60) resulted in higher blood accumulation in working muscles, potentially affecting cellular stress. Both hypoxia (HYP) and G-BFR induced local hypoxia, with G-BFR showing higher levels during both exercise bouts and recovery periods.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bernhard Andresen, Markus de Marees, Thorsten Schiffer, Wilhelm Bloch, Frank Suhr
Summary: Mechanosensors in human muscles show fiber type-specific distributions and their profiles are influenced by exercise intensities rather than environmental conditions.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Marnie Winter, Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos, Claire T. Roberts, Tina Bianco-Miotto, Benjamin Thierry
Summary: This article discusses the trend of introducing bioengineered in vitro models in recent years due to a lack of appropriate human placenta models, with a focus on the maternal-foetal barrier. It emphasizes the importance of cell type, mechanical forces, and culture microenvironment towards the use of physiologically relevant models.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Oranger, Giuseppina Storlino, Manuela Dicarlo, Roberta Zerlotin, Patrizia Pignataro, Lorenzo Sanesi, Marco Narici, Rado Pisot, Bostjan Simunic, Graziana Colaianni, Maria Grano, Silvia Colucci
Summary: Bed rest (BR) is used as a model to simulate microgravity and study skeletal-muscle alterations. This study investigated the role of the myokine irisin and bone-muscle turnover markers during and after 10 days of BR. The results showed that irisin may protect against muscle atrophy and delay the expression of atrophy and senescence cellular markers.
Article
Physiology
Kunihito Tobita, Igor B. Mekjavic, Adam C. McDonnell
Summary: Individual variation in psychological responses to bed rest has been studied using data from three projects. The results suggest significant differences in emotional responses among participants and highlight the complexity of emotional state.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Joshua T. Royal, Ola Eiken, Michail E. Keramidas, Adam C. McDonnell, Igor B. Mekjavic
Summary: This study retrospectively assessed individual variation in hematological responses to bed rest and hypoxia, finding that females had larger erythropoietin responses than males. Bed rest duration did not impact the heterogeneity of erythropoietin, reticulocytes, and red blood cell responses.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Gislaine Cristina-Souza, Marcos D. Silva-Cavalcante, Romulo Bertuzzi, David J. Bishop
Summary: Caffeine is widely consumed as an ergogenic aid for exercise performance, with its stimulatory effect on the central nervous system being a key mechanism. However, caffeine may also have direct effects on other physiological systems like the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems during high-intensity whole-body exercise. Understanding these multiple effects of caffeine could potentially expand its use in different sporting contexts and aid in the treatment of certain diseases.
Article
Sport Sciences
Mathieu Marillier, Mathieu Gruet, Anne-catherine Bernard, Benoit Champigneulle, Samuel Verges, Onofre Moran-mendoza, J. alberto Neder
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of O-2 supplementation on cerebral oxygenation and perceived fatigue during exercise in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD). The study found that O-2 supplementation improved cerebral oxygenation and reduced fatigue in patients, suggesting that reversing cerebral hypoxia may have positive effects on patients' disablement.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Salon, Goektug Mert Ciftci, Damir Zubac, Bostjan Simunic, Rado Pisot, Marco Narici, Per Morten Fredriksen, Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag, Harald Sourij, Omar Sery, Karin Schmid-Zalaudek, Bianca Steuber, Patrick De Boever, Nandu Goswami
Summary: This study investigates the changes in retinal microcirculation during a ten-day bed rest protocol. The findings suggest that the decrease in retinal venular diameter observed at the end of the bed rest period may be attributed to plasma volume losses and reflect overall cardiovascular deconditioning.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Mathieu Marillier, Mathieu Gruet, Anne-Catherine Bernard, Samuel Verges, J. Alberto Neder
Summary: Exercise limitation in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases may be influenced by the central nervous system, and this review explores the role of the brain in setting the tolerance to physical exertion. Non-invasive techniques have shed light on the underlying mechanisms, and studying the brain's contribution may lead to innovative lines of research in this field.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)