Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Santarem, Isabel Machado, Jaime Sampaio, Catarina Abrantes
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of muscle contraction type on SmO2 during a back squat exercise. The results showed that dynamic contraction resulted in lower minimum SmO2, indicating a larger oxygen supply-consumption gap due to higher muscle activation demands.
Article
Physiology
Zachary John McClean, Jenny Zhang, Neda Khaledi, Matthew Yacoub, Saied Jalal Aboodarda
Summary: Intermittent blood flow occlusion can impair muscle function and exercise tolerance. Longer occlusion duration leads to greater decline in muscle force and fatigue, as well as increased dyspnea. Exercise tolerance during blood flow occlusion is mainly influenced by muscle contractility and perception of effort and pain.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shinichi Fukuhara, Takaki Kawashima, Hisao Oka
Summary: EMG and dMMG were used to evaluate muscle contraction performance during dynamic exercise, with athletes showing significantly higher SRL and lower RSS compared to non-athletes. The combined indices presented a clear contrast between the groups, demonstrating differences in muscle contraction performance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
James E. Peterman, Matthew P. Harber, Mary T. Imboden, Mitchell H. Whaley, Bradley S. Fleenor, Jonathan Myers, Ross Arena, Leonard A. Kaminsky
Summary: This study compared the accuracy of exercise-based prediction equations with directly measured CRF and found significant associations between the two, although the equations had a low degree of accuracy in categorizing participants into fitness tertiles. The results suggest the need to include cardiopulmonary measures with maximal exercise to accurately assess CRF within a clinical setting.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mari Gunnes, Inger-Lise Aamot Aksetoy, Turid Follestad, Bent Indredavik, Torunn Askim
Summary: The study showed that in the chronic phase after stroke, the 6-minute walk test adds significant value to predicting VO2peak, in combination with age, sex, and functional dependence. This prediction model may help guide clinical decisions and rehabilitation strategies for stroke survivors with mild strokes.
Article
Physiology
Gabriella F. Bellissimo, Jeremy Ducharme, Zachary Mang, Desmond Millender, Jessica Smith, Matthew J. Stork, Johnathan P. Little, Michael R. Deyhle, Ann L. Gibson, Flavio de Castro Magalhaes, Fabiano Amorim
Summary: This study compared the acute physiological, perceptual, and enjoyment responses between bodyweight high-intensity interval exercise (BW-HIIE) and treadmill running high-intensity interval exercise (RUN-HIIE). The results showed that BW-HIIE elicited higher oxygen consumption, blood lactate, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion compared to RUN-HIIE, while the physical activity enjoyment was similar between the two exercises.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Matthew Nayor, Priya Gajjar, Patricia Miller, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Ravi V. Shah, Nicholas E. Houstis, Raghava S. Velagaleti, Martin G. Larson, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Gregory D. Lewis, Gary F. Mitchell
Summary: This study aimed to investigate how arterial stiffening affects cardiorespiratory fitness in community-dwelling individuals. The study found that increased arterial stiffness is associated with decreased peak oxygen uptake, regardless of age, gender, and cardiovascular risk profile. However, this association is attenuated in individuals with obesity. Additionally, arterial stiffness is also related to adverse oxygen kinetics and lower stroke volume and peripheral oxygen extraction, but not to ventilatory efficiency, a prognostic measure of right ventricular-pulmonary vascular performance.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Serge C. Harb, Tom Kai Ming Wang, Paul C. Cremer, Yuping Wu, Leslie Cho, Venu Menon, Wael A. Jaber
Summary: Women are more likely to be referred for less demanding exercise protocols, use more imaging protocols, and achieve lower CRF levels compared to men, but after adjustment, female sex is associated with significantly lower long-term mortality for equivalent CRF levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy A. Kirkham, Mark J. Haykowsky, Rhys Beaudry, Justin G. Grenier, John R. Mackey, Edith Pituskin, D. Ian Paterson, Richard B. Thompson
Summary: This study found that anthracycline-treated breast cancer survivors exhibited abnormalities in peak exercise cardiac function and thigh muscle fatty infiltration, which were associated with VO(2)peak. Myocardial fibrosis and thigh muscle fatty infiltration negatively influence VO(2)peak, indicating impaired cardiac reserve and oxygen extraction post-anthracyclines.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jeremy M. Robbins, Bennet Peterson, Daniela Schranner, Usman A. Tahir, Theresa Rienmueller, Shuliang Deng, Michelle J. Keyes, Daniel H. Katz, Pierre M. Jean Beltran, Jacob L. Barber, Christian Baumgartner, Steven A. Carr, Sujoy Ghosh, Changyu Shen, Lori L. Jennings, Robert Ross, Mark A. Sarzynski, Claude Bouchard, Robert E. Gerszten
Summary: The study analyzed plasma protein levels and identified proteins associated with individual oxygen consumption and increase in oxygen consumption after exercise training, which improved the prediction of individual oxygen consumption. The findings were validated in separate exercise cohorts and linked some proteins to all-cause mortality in a community-based cohort. The study also reproduced the specificity of key findings using antibody-based assays.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
James E. Peterman, Mitchell H. Whaley, Matthew P. Harber, Bradley S. Fleenor, Mary T. Lmboden, Jonathan Myers, Ross Arena, Leonard A. Kaminsky
Summary: This study compared the accuracy of multiple non-exercise prediction equations in estimating cardiorespiratory fitness with directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness, revealing differences in accuracy and only 52% of participants being correctly classified into three fitness categories. Further research on the clinical utility of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness is necessary.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Martin G. Schultz, Andre La Gerche, James E. Sharman
Summary: To correctly interpret exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), both cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise workload should be taken into consideration. A key recommendation is to measure exercise blood pressure during submaximal exercise with a fixed external workload.
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Tara Kuhn, Jennifer Heisz
Summary: This study found that cardiorespiratory fitness may act as a protective buffer for memory impairments caused by poor sleep quality in older adults, but not in young adults.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Szu-Yu Lin, Chi-Wen Jao, Po-Shan Wang, Michelle Liou, Jun-Liang Wu, Hsiao Chun, Ching-Ting Tseng, Yu-Te Wu
Summary: This study compared changes in brain activity during exercise between elderly and young adults with regular and occasional exercise habits. The results showed a significant positive correlation between exercise intensity and EEG spectral power in elderly regular exercisers, but not in occasional exercisers. Young regular exercisers exhibited greater cardiac and neurobiological efficiency.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Peter Kokkinos, Charles Faselis, Labros Sidossis, Jiajia Zhang, Immanuel Babu Henry Samuel, Ali Ahmed, Pamela Karasik, Andreas Pittaras, Michael Doumas, Charalabos Grassos, Shirit Rosenberg, Jonathan Myers
Summary: This study assessed the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the association between exercise blood pressure and mortality risk, finding that individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness had significantly higher mortality risk when SBP-Reserve <_52 mmHg. The risk of mortality was even higher in individuals who were unable to increase their exercise SBP above resting levels.
PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Callum G. Brownstein, Guillaume Y. Millet, Kevin Thomas
Summary: Research over the past two decades has shown that fatigue-inducing locomotor exercise can lead to a variety of changes within the neuromuscular system, primarily within the muscle. Different intensities and durations of exercise result in varying degrees of neuromuscular responses, with the specific alterations occurring within the central nervous system remaining unclear. Further studies utilizing stimulation techniques during exercise are needed to provide deeper insight into the neuromuscular responses to locomotor exercise.
Review
Sport Sciences
Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Kelly L. McNulty, Paul Ansdell, Stuart Goodall, Kirsty M. Hicks, Kevin Thomas, Paul A. Swinton, Eimear Dolan
Article
Sport Sciences
David James Green, Kevin Thomas, Glyn Howatson
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the demands and consequences of continuous or interval eccentric cycling. The results showed that interval eccentric cycling exacerbated muscle soreness, decrements in muscle function, and lengthened recovery time, which were attributed to increased force rather than time under tension.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Letter
Sport Sciences
Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Kelly L. McNulty, Stuart Goodall, Paul Ansdell, Kevin Thomas, Paul A. Swinton, Eimear Dolan, Kirsty M. Hicks
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Natalie Dyas, David Green, Kevin Thomas, Glyn Howatson
Summary: The study evaluated the reliability of the 20-maximum trampoline jump test with 32 national and international trampoline gymnasts, showing excellent test-retest reliability and effectiveness in assessing performance. Most measures demonstrated high ICC values and low CV values, indicating strong consistency in the results.
ISOKINETICS AND EXERCISE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Linda Corbally, Mick Wilkinson
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions during the perinatal period, finding that such interventions can increase mindfulness and reduce symptoms of depression in women without pre-existing mental health issues. However, the effects on other outcomes were inconclusive and further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
Article
Physiology
Mehdi Kordi, Len Parker Simpson, Kevin Thomas, Stuart Goodall, Tom Maden-Wilkinson, Campbell Menzies, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study revealed significant positive relationships between W' and measures of neuromuscular function, including maximum voluntary torque, peak power output, and rate of torque development. These findings suggest that muscle size and strength play a meaningful role in determining W', with potential implications for improving cycling performance in well-trained athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Elliott Atkinson, Jakob Skarabot, Paul Ansdell, Stuart Goodall, Glyn Howatson, Kevin Thomas
Summary: Resistance training increases muscle strength through adaptations in the central nervous system, but the specific neural substrate responsible for these adaptations is still largely unknown. This review discusses the potential role of the reticulospinal tract in mediating adaptation to resistance training, based on animal and human studies. The review also explores possible methods to assess the reticulospinal tract in humans.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ciaran Deely, Jamie Tallent, Ross Bennett, Alex Woodhead, Stuart Goodall, Kevin Thomas, Glyn Howatson
Summary: The aim of this study was to profile the etiology and recovery time-course of neuromuscular function in professional academy soccer players. The researchers found that strenuous training led to a decrease in muscle strength and contractile function, but did not significantly affect mood, perceptual measures, or cognitive function.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Steven J. Marshall, Kirsty M. Hicks, Glyn Howatson, Lisa Cox, Kevin Thomas
Summary: This study examined the validity and reliability of measuring patellar tendon (PT) cross-sectional area (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The findings indicate that both MRI and US can accurately estimate the PT CSA, with US measurements showing excellent reliability.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Natalie Dyas, David Green, Kevin Thomas, Esme Matthew, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between physical floor based performance measures and maximum Time of Flight (ToF) in elite gymnasts. The results showed that there were very large and large positive correlations between CMJ F-0 and ToF for seniors and juniors respectively, and very large positive correlations between CMJ height and total ToF for both seniors and juniors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that CMJ F-0 predicted 72% of ToF variability in seniors, while CMJ height, 10 to 5 Reactive Strength Index (RSI), and CMJ F-0 predicted 82% of ToF variability in juniors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jack Harry Bale, Mick Wilkinson
Summary: This study examined the validity of an optoelectronic training system by identifying predictors of shot score, testing their ability to distinguish between standard shooters, and assessing test-retest error. The findings indicate that stability of aiming is a significant predictor of shot score, six Scatt Expert variables can discriminate between standard shooters, and the test-retest error varies across different variables.
SPORTS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Emily Hume, Hazel Muse, Kirstie Wallace, Mick Wilkinson, Karen Heslop Marshall, Arun Nair, Stephen Clark, Ioannis Vogiatzis
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a novel 12-week physical activity tele-coaching intervention in lung transplant recipients (LTx). The results showed that the intervention was well accepted by the patients and led to improvements in their physical activity levels. The findings suggest that tele-coaching is a feasible, safe, and effective intervention for LTx recipients.
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Ergonomics
Richard Stoneham, Gillian Barry, Lee Saxby, Lauryn Waters, Mick Wilkinson
Summary: The study found that stride length and peak knee flexion moment significantly increase from barefoot to minimalist to maximalist shoes, while ankle moment is significantly influenced by the type of footwear. This suggests that footwear can impact self-selected stride length and peak lower limb loads, increasing the risk of running-related knee injury.
Article
Sport Sciences
Thomas Gee, Ryan A. Morrow, Mark R. Stone, Daniel C. Bishop
TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE
(2020)