Article
Sport Sciences
Manuel Mateo-March, Xabier Muriel, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Alexis Gandia-Soriano, Mikel Zabala, David Barranco-Gil, Jesus G. Pallares, Alejandro Lucia
Summary: Acute altitude exposure affects real-world cycling performance differently in lowlanders and altitude natives, giving altitude natives a competitive advantage in races at altitudes above 1500 meters.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jay F. Storz
Summary: Population genomic analyses have identified candidate genes for hypoxia adaptation in high-altitude humans and other vertebrates, with subsequent studies revealing associations between genotypes and hypoxia-responsive phenotypes. However, deciphering causal mechanisms is complicated by potential second-order consequences of selection-mediated changes in other traits, and manipulative experiments are critical for identifying causal relationships underlying genotype-phenotype associations.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kelsey Jorgensen, Daisheng Song, Julien Weinstein, Obed A. Garcia, Laurel N. Pearson, Maria Inclan, Maria Rivera-Chira, Fabiola Leon-Velarde, Melisa Kiyamu, Tom D. Brutsaert, Abigail W. Bigham, Frank S. Lee
Summary: For over 10,000 years, Andeans have been living at high altitudes where the limited oxygen poses a challenge to human survival. Recent studies have discovered evidence of positive selection acting on the HIF2A locus in Andeans, which is associated with the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. However, the specific mechanism by which this allele leads to altitude adaptation remains unknown. By analyzing the genomes of 46 Peruvian Andeans, researchers confirmed the presence of positive selection on HIF2A and identified a unique variation pattern surrounding the Andean-specific single nucleotide variant (SNV) rs570553380. This variant is associated with increased nitric oxide biosynthesis, as shown in a Peruvian Andean population living at high altitude.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Kathy Pham, Keval Parikh, Erica C. Heinrich
Summary: The article discusses the key regulators of transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation, as well as their evolutionary conservation and significant crosstalk. Inflammation can induce activity of hypoxia pathway genes, while hypoxia may modulate inflammatory signaling, showing mutual influence. The physiological consequences of maladaptive hypoxia-induced inflammation are not well established.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert T. Mallet, Johannes Burtscher, Vincent Pialoux, Qadar Pasha, Yasmin Ahmad, Gregoire P. Millet, Martin Burtscher
Summary: High-altitude illnesses result from acute exposure to high altitude/hypoxia. Understanding molecular mechanisms is essential for optimizing hypoxic acclimatization for efficient prophylaxis and treatment of these illnesses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Christoph Siebenmann, Johanna Roche, Maja Schlittler, Lydia L. Simpson, Mike Stembridge
Summary: Lowlanders staying at high altitude experience changes in plasma and red cell volumes, primarily driven by fluid redistribution and accelerated erythropoietic activity. Native highlanders from the Tibetan and Ethiopian plateaus show a different response, with normal or mildly elevated hemoglobin concentrations. Genetic adaptations and larger plasma volumes have been proposed as explanations for these differences.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wu-Yeh Chang, Kuo-Cheng Wu, Ai-Lun Yang, Yi-Liang Chen
Summary: This article explores different hypoxia training protocols and their effects on sports performance. It discusses the physiological mechanisms of hypoxia training and its impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle oxygen utilization, power performance, hematological adaptations, and specific physiological adaptations. The study finds that hypoxia high-intensity interval training (HHIIT) can increase maximum oxygen intake and improve overall sports performance. Incremental hypoxia training improves aerobic capacity but has fewer effects on hematological variables. Combined training in a hypoxia environment increases oxygen uptake and breathing volume and enhances hemodynamic function. Hypoxia during the recovery state also benefits sports performance. Further research is needed to optimize training protocols and understand their effects on different sports and athlete proficiency.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariyah Pressley, Jill A. Gallaher, Joel S. Brown, Michal R. Tomaszewski, Punit Borad, Mehdi Damaghi, Robert J. Gillies, Christopher J. Whelan
Summary: The study predicts the impact of fluctuating oxygen levels on HIF-alpha stabilization and cell proliferation. It suggests that facultative HIF-alpha regulation promotes greater net cell proliferation in certain environments, but under rapid oxygen fluctuations, both regulatory strategies exhibit similar cell fitness.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Wondossen Ayalew, Min Chu, Chunnian Liang, Xiaoyun Wu, Ping Yan
Summary: The yak is a multipurpose domesticated animal that serves as a protein source for local herders and a sacred carrier of culture and religion. The yak has special morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic adaptations for tolerance to high-altitude stress, allowing it to survive in harsh environmental conditions. Through long-term natural selection, the yak has developed stable and unique genetic characteristics that enable adaptations to high altitudes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrew M. Luks, Peter H. Hackett
Summary: This article discusses the physiological changes and risks that individuals with medical problems may face when traveling to high altitude, including high-altitude headache, acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and high-altitude cerebral edema. It also mentions the pretravel evaluation for common medical conditions that these individuals should undergo.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Rashmi Supriya, Kumar Purnendu Singh, Yang Gao, Dan Tao, Sarah Cheour, Frederic Dutheil, Julien S. Baker
Summary: Inhibiting COX2 can protect against hypoxia pathogenesis and reduce the risk of COVID-19. People accustomed to high altitude living are more resistant to COVID-19. COX-2 adaptation through gene-environment interaction and intermittent hypoxia training may have therapeutic potential. Further research on downstream molecules of the COX2 pathway is important for hypoxic environment adaptation.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Liviu Macovei, Carmen Mirela Macovei, Dragos Cristian Macovei
Summary: The aim of this review is to identify a preventive strategy to minimize the risk of adverse events in coronary syndromes patients exposed to high altitude. Stable coronary artery disease patients can tolerate traveling up to 3500 m, but unstable angina or recent myocardial infarction patients should avoid high-altitude activities. Air-travel is contraindicated for patients with recent myocardial infarction, angioplasty, intracoronary stent placement, unstable angina, or coronary artery bypass grafting.
Article
Sport Sciences
Laura Oberholzer, Nikolai Sondersrod Aamaas, Jostein Hallen
Summary: Peak oxygen uptake decreases with altitude, however, exercise performance is less affected. This study found that acute hypoxic exposure results in a higher %VO2peak, while performance is not significantly affected by altitude.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohamad Abbas, Gunjan Sharma, Charlene Dambire, Julietta Marquez, Carlos Alonso-Blanco, Karina Proano, Michael J. Holdsworth
Summary: The molecular mechanism by which plants adapt to high altitudes is unknown. This study demonstrates a relationship between oxygen-sensing and chlorophyll biosynthesis in flowering plants. The expression of the FLU gene, which suppresses chlorophyll biosynthesis, is regulated by oxygen concentrations. The steady-state levels of protochlorophyllide and expression of genes related to hypoxia also show altitudinal variations in different plant species. This suggests a genetic adaptation mechanism to altitude through alteration of the sensitivity of the oxygen-sensing system.
Article
Biology
Katie A. O'Brien, Andrew J. Murray, Tatum S. Simonson
Summary: Hypoxia triggers complex signals, including the HIF and Notch pathways, which have experienced natural selection in highland populations. The Notch pathway plays a crucial role in mediating the cellular hypoxic response and regulating functions such as angiogenesis, cellular metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Blair D. Johnson, Zachary J. Schlader, Michael W. Schaake, Moragn C. O'Leary, David Hostler, Howard Lin, Erika St James, Penelope C. Lema, Aaron Bola, Brian M. Clemency
Summary: This study demonstrated that IVC diameter decreases before changes in traditional vital signs during simulated blood loss. Further research is needed to determine the most accurate view and diameter threshold for identifying hemorrhage requiring emergent intervention.
PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
M. Nadir Haider, Kush S. Patel, Barry S. Willer, Victoria Videira, Charles G. Wilber, Andrew R. Mayer, Christina L. Master, Brandon L. Mariotti, Christopher Wertz, Eileen P. Storey, Kristy B. Arbogast, Grace Park, Scott J. Oglesbee, Itai Bezherano, Kenneth Aguirre, Jesse G. Fodero, Blair D. Johnson, Rebekah Mannix, Jeffrey C. Miecznikowski, John J. Leddy
Summary: This study found that adolescents commonly experience orthostatic intolerance after concussion, even if they do not meet the standard criteria for Orthostatic Hypotension. Symptoms of lightheadedness/dizziness were reported more frequently in the Concussion Group compared to controls.
Article
Physiology
Christopher L. Chapman, Emma L. Reed, Morgan L. Worley, Leonard D. Pietrafesa, Paul J. Kueck, Adam C. Bloomfield, Zachary J. Schlader, Blair D. Johnson
Summary: The study found that consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks can alter cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) but has no effect on blood pressure variability (BPV).
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Jos J. de Koning, Teun van Erp, Rob Lamberts, Stephen Cheung, Dionne Noordhof
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Madeline Ranum, Carl Foster, Clayton Camic, Glenn Wright, Flavia Guidotti, Jos J. de Koning, Christopher Dodge, John P. Porcari
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of variations in running speed on CR in trained runners. The results showed that pace variations within the limits often seen in competitive races did not affect CR when measured at running speeds below VT.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jens G. Voet, Robert P. Lamberts, Jos J. de Koning, Jelle de Jong, Carl Foster, Teun van Erp
Summary: This study compared the execution of training programmes by cyclists with the coach's designed programme and found differences between them. It noted that when training was executed as planned, there were large correlations but also differences in perceived exertion, unique to each cyclist. It emphasized the importance of individualized management of training load for optimizing training programmes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Brian M. Clemency, Aaron Bola, Zachary J. Schlader, David Hostler, Howard Lin, Erika St James, Penelope C. Lema, Blair D. Johnson
Summary: This study aimed to identify ultrasound IVC diameter cut points for detecting moderate and severe hemorrhage and evaluate their performance compared to vital sign abnormalities. The findings suggest that an IVCmax of <= 0.8 cm may be useful in identifying moderate and severe hemorrhage before vital sign abnormalities become apparent.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Teun van Erp, Taco van der Hoorn, Marco J. M. Hoozemans, Carl Foster, Jos J. de Koning
Summary: This study aims to investigate the associations between workload and seasonal periods with the incidence of injuries and illnesses in female professional cyclists. The findings show that high values of acute workload, workload ratios, exponentially weighted moving averages of the ratios, and the in season are significantly associated with the occurrence of injury. However, no significant associations were found between the workload models, seasonal periods, and the occurrence of illnesses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Hannah Meyer, Jeena Bruenig, Cristina Cortis, Jos J. de Koning, Scott T. Doberstein, Andrea Fusco, Richard P. Mikat, John P. Porcari, Glenn Wright, Carl Foster
Summary: The study found that the relationship between perceived exertion and percentage task completed was linear and consistent for bench press and leg press exercises, suggesting that this relationship is similar across different types of physically demanding tasks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Carl Foster, Renato Barroso, Ralph Beneke, Daniel Bok, Daniel Boullosa, Arturo Casado, Karim Chamari, Cristina Cortis, Jos de Koning, Andrea Fusco, Thomas Haugen, Alejandro Lucia, Inigo Mujika, David Pyne, Jose A. Rodriguez-Marroyo, Oyvind Sandbakk, Stephen Seiler
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Dionne A. Noordhof, Xanne A. K. Janse de Jonge, Anthony C. Hackney, Jos J. de Koning, Oyvind Sandbakk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Carl Foster, Renato Barroso, Daniel Bok, Daniel Boullosa, Arturo Casado, Cristina Cortis, Jos J. de Koning, Andrea Fusco, Thomas Haugen
Summary: Training intensity distribution is crucial for training program design and can be determined using various methods such as the Talk Test and rating of perceived exertion. Critical speed (CS) can be used to estimate vVO(2)max, which is valuable for designing running training programs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Carl Foster, Jos J. De Koning, Florentina J. Hettinga, Renato Barroso, Daniel Boullosa, Arturo Casado, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Halle Gregorich, Salvador Jaime, Andrew M. Jones, Katherine R. Malterer, Robert Pettitt, John P. Porcari, Cassie Pratt, Patrick Reinschmidt, Phillip Skiba, Annabel Splinter, Alan St Clair Gibson, Jacob St Mary, Christian Thiel, Kate Uithoven, Joyce van Tunen
Summary: Scientific interest in pacing, as a feature of athletic competition and a window into understanding fatigue, has spanned more than 100 years. Pacing represents the pattern of energy use designed to produce a competitive result while managing fatigue of different origins. Various models, such as the teleoanticipation model and the central governor model, have been used to explain pacing. Early studies focused on managing homeostatic disturbance, while more recent studies have focused on understanding the role of psychophysiology in pacing and explaining performance decline.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Carl Foster
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Carl Foster, Brian Hanley, Renato Barroso, Daniel Boullosa, Arturo Casado, Thomas Haugen, Florentina J. Hettinga, Andrew M. Jones, Andrew Renfree, Philip Skiba, Alan St Clair Gibson, Christian Thiel, Jos J. de Koning
Summary: This study examines the evolution of performance and pacing in the men's Olympic 1500-m running track final from 1924 to 2020. The results show that performance has improved over time, with changes in pacing patterns. The eventual winners tend to stay near the front throughout the race, but rarely in the leading position. The increase in critical speed and D' parallels the improvement in performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)