Article
Sport Sciences
Patricio A. Pincheira, Eduardo Martinez-Valdes, Rodrigo Guzman-Venegas, Deborah Falla, Marta I. Garrido, Andrew G. Cresswell, Glen A. Lichtwark
Summary: The study found that there was a repeated bout effect after exercise, with lower strength loss and reduced soreness after the second bout. Different muscle regions were activated after the initial bout compared to the repeated bout. Muscle activation was unevenly distributed during the initial bout, possibly to maintain muscle function, but this did not reflect a strategy to confer protection during the repeated bout.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sylvia R. Sidky, Christopher P. Ingalls, Dawn A. Lowe, Cory W. Baumann
Summary: This study examined how membrane-associated proteins respond to the repeated bout effect (RBE). The results showed that repeated bouts of eccentric contractions increase the contents of dystrophin, beta-sarcoglycan, and junctophilin, and attenuate postinjury torque deficits.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Hui Cheng Choo, Marcus Lee, Vincent Yeo, Wayne Poon, Mohammed Ihsan
Summary: This review examined the effects of CWI on the recovery profile of physical performance. The results showed that CWI can improve short-term recovery of endurance performance, but impair sprint and jump performance. It also showed that CWI can improve longer-term recovery of jump performance and strength, along with decreased creatine kinase levels and improved muscle soreness and perceived recovery. The effects of CWI on recovery varied depending on the environmental conditions and prior exercise modality.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Emeric Chalchat, Julien Siracusa, Cyprien Bourrilhon, Keyne Charlot, Vincent Martin, Sebastian Garcia-Vicencio
Summary: This study found that the mechanical properties of the quadriceps, as evaluated by shear wave elastography, were less affected when a second bout of eccentric-biased exercise was performed 2 weeks later. It was also observed that the first bout of exercise conferred protection against extensive muscle damage, possibly through an adaptation of the muscle stiffness.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Susan Y. Kwiecien, Malachy P. McHugh, Kirsty M. Hicks, Karen M. Keane, Glyn Howatson
Summary: The study tested the efficacy of prolonging the duration of cooling using phase change material (PCM) on various recovery markers following a marathon run. Results showed that prolonging the cooling duration with PCM did not accelerate the resolution of any dependent variables related to muscle damage. Despite differences in soreness and countermovement jump height between groups, there was no significant advantage seen with PCM treatment.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Avery Hinks, Adam Hess, Mathew I. B. Debenham, Jackey Chen, Nicole Mazara, Keaton A. Inkol, Daniel T. Cervone, Lawrence L. Spriet, Brian H. Dalton, Geoffrey A. Power
Summary: The study investigated the impact of high-intensity eccentric exercise on the elbow flexor torque-frequency relationship, and found that the repeated bout effect did not have a protective effect on this relationship.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silas Seolin Dias, Martim Gomes Weber, Susana Padoin, Avacir Casanova Andrello, Eduardo Inocente Jussiani, Solange de Paula Ramos
Summary: The study aimed to assess the circulating levels of chemical elements after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and the impact of the repeated bout effect (RBE). EIMD led to changes in specific chemical elements, while RBE mitigated these changes in the second training session.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Joao B. Ferreira-Junior, Suene F. N. Chaves, Maria H. A. Pinheiro, Vitor H. S. Rezende, Eduardo D. S. Freitas, Joao C. B. Marins, Mauricio G. Bara-Filho, Amilton Vieira, Martim Bottaro, Carlos M. A. Costa
Summary: The study investigated the time course of skin temperature response and muscle recovery status following resistance training involving leg press exercise. The results showed that thigh skin temperature remained unaffected up to 72 hours post-exercise, and there was no significant correlation between skin temperature changes and muscle recovery status.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gustavo Barquilha, Cesar Miguel Momesso Dos Santos, Kim Guimaraes Cacula, Vinicius Coneglian Santos, Tatiana Geraldo Polotow, Cristina Vardaris Vasconcellos, Jose Alberto Fernandes Gomes-Santos, Luiz Eduardo Rodrigues, Rafael Herling Lambertucci, Tamires Duarte Afonso Serdan, Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires, Elaine Hatanaka, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura, Paulo Barbosa de Freitas, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi, Laureane Nunes Masi, Marcelo Paes Barros, Rui Curi, Renata Gorjao, Sandro Massao Hirabara
Summary: In this study, the effects of fish oil supplementation combined with strength training on muscle damage induced by a single bout of exercise were investigated. The results showed that fish oil supplementation can alleviate muscle injury, inflammation, and redox imbalance, making it a beneficial strategy for young men intending to engage in strength training programs.
Article
Physiology
Masato Kawashima, Noriaki Kawanishi, Takaki Tominaga, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Anna Miyazaki, Itsuki Nagata, Makoto Miyoshi, Motoi Miyakawa, Tohma Sakuraya, Takahiro Sonomura, Takamitsu Arakawa
Summary: Icing was found to impede muscle regeneration by disrupting the infiltration of polynuclear and mononuclear cells into necrotic myofibers and the phenotypic dynamics of macrophages, rather than affecting myogenic regulatory factors. The delayed disappearance of necrotic muscle debris due to icing coincided with the delayed emergence and sustained accumulation of Pax7(+) cells within the regenerating area. The altered expression patterns of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by icing were consistent with the perturbation of the macrophage phenotype.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Freddy Brown, Matt Hill, Derek Renshaw, Charles Pedlar, Jessica Hill, Ken van Someren, Glyn Howatson, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of compression garments on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. The results showed that compression garments did not enhance recovery but impaired the repeated bout effect at higher isokinetic velocities.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lee Rickards, Anthony Lynn, Deborah Harrop, Margo E. Barker, Mark Russell, Mayur K. Ranchordas
Summary: Consuming polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates accelerated recovery of muscle function and reduced muscle soreness in humans. The maximal benefit occurred 48-72 hours post-exercise, with moderate to very low certainty of evidence. Supplementation could be beneficial when limited time between competitive events and impaired recovery could impact performance negatively.
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephen D. Patterson, Rachael Swan, William Page, Moacir Marocolo, Owen Jeffries, Mark Waldron
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on the recovery process following exercise-induced muscle damage. The results showed that repeated application of ischemic preconditioning can enhance the recovery of maximal voluntary isometric contraction more effectively than acute application, and both reduce swelling following EIMD compared to a SHAM condition.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Natsuki Matsumura, Shohei Nagashima, Kaho Negoro, Yoshiki Motomura, Kanako Shimoura, Hiroshige Tateuchi, Noriaki Ichihashi, Tomoki Aoyama, Momoko Nagai-Tanima
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the difference in effectiveness between liquid ice (LI) and block ice (BI) in reducing muscle stiffness. The results showed that the rate of change in passive stiffness (PS) was significantly lower in the LI group compared to the BI group. These findings have implications for interventions aimed at reducing muscle stiffness after exercise.
JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE & FITNESS
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Sunggun Jeon, Minsoo Kang, Xin Ye
Summary: The purpose of this study was to summarize the research on the contralateral protective effect on maximal strength after muscle-damaging exercise. Through literature search, the authors found that the initial exercise can induce a protective effect on the contralateral limb muscles, but the duration between exercise bouts may influence this effect.
RESEARCH IN SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rachel Kimble, Katherine Jones, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Anthocyanins have potential to facilitate exercise recovery by improving antioxidant capacity, reducing inflammation, and enhancing strength and muscle soreness. The effects are dose-dependent.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sarah E. Costello, Jack R. W. Rossiter, Glyn Howatson, Phillip G. Bell, Barry O'Neill, Ken van Someren, Crystal F. Haskell-Ramsay
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intensified training on cognitive function, psychological state, and performance in trained cyclists. The findings showed that two weeks of intensified training resulted in overreaching, as demonstrated by decreased peak and mean power output, increased total mood disturbance, and disruption to recovery-stress balance. However, cognitive function remained unaffected during the training period, suggesting caution in using it as an early indicator of overreaching.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Bryony A. Curry, Aimee L. Drane, Rebeca Atencia, Yedra Feltrer, Glyn Howatson, Thalita Calvi, Christopher Palmer, Sophie Moittie, Steve Unwin, Joshua C. Tremblay, Meg M. Sleeper, Michael L. Lammey, Steve Cooper, Mike Stembridge, Rob Shave
Summary: The study found differences in body weight, growth rate, and age at maturation between captive chimpanzees and wild chimpanzees. Adult body weight was greater in zoo and research chimpanzees compared to sanctuary chimpanzees. Sanctuary chimpanzees had slower growth rates, and male sanctuary chimpanzees had a later age at maturation for body weight.
Article
Sport Sciences
Carl Langan-Evans, Mark A. Hearris, Chloe Gallagher, Stephen Long, Craig Thomas, Andrew D. Moss, William Cheung, Glyn Howatson, James P. Morton
Summary: This study aimed to test the effects of a novel nutritional blend on subjective and objective measures of sleep. The results showed that the blend reduced sleep onset latency, increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and reduced morning sleepiness.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kia Salimi, Masoomeh Alvandi, Mahdi Saberi Pirouz, Kamran Rakhshan, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Skeletal muscle responds to exercise training by increasing muscle protein synthesis through the translation elongation pathway. This review highlights the impact of exercise training on this pathway, focusing on the molecular factors and the mode and volume of exercise training intervention.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna Wippich, Glyn Howatson, Georgia Allen-Baker, Derek Farrell, Matthew Kiernan, Andrea Scott-Bell
Summary: This study conducted experiments on low socioeconomic status individuals and refugees in Lebanon, proving the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. These findings contribute to the research base for under-researched populations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Daniel M. Over, Nicola Arjomandkhah, Jordan D. Beaumont, Stuart Goodall, Martin J. Barwood
Summary: The study found that menthol applied topically to the skin improves perception and increases force generation. Nine trained male subjects were tested after spraying menthol on their legs during different weightlifting tasks. The results showed an improved performance in the isometric and dynamic lifting tasks after the application of menthol.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily James, Stuart Goodall, Simon Nichols, Karen Walker, Sean Carroll, Alasdair F. O'Doherty, Lee Ingle
Summary: This study aimed to assess circulatory biomarkers related to mechanisms of low muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. The findings showed that low circulating concentrations of transthyretin, ALT, and AST were associated with low muscle mass in this population. These biomarkers might indicate the contribution of poor nutrition and inflammation to low muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily James, Tom Butler, Simon Nichols, Stuart Goodall, Alasdair F. O'Doherty
Summary: This study investigated the provision of dietary education in cardiac rehabilitation centers in the UK. The findings showed that nurses and dietitians were the primary providers of dietary education, and most services used credible resources to support their education. However, a significant proportion of practitioners did not have nutrition-related qualifications. The cardiac rehabilitation programs were mostly community-based, lasting 8 weeks, and included two diet sessions. The services primarily focused on the Mediterranean diet, with less attention given to topics such as malnutrition and protein intake.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Justin W. Andrushko, Joshua C. Carr, Jonathan P. Farthing, Lindsey K. Lepley, Jason M. Defreitas, Stuart Goodall, Ashlee M. Hendy, Glyn Howatson, Dustin R. Grooms, Tjerk Zult, Tibor Hortobagyi, Gulcan Harput, Maria Papandreou, Kazunori Nosaka, Richard G. Carson, Andrea Manca, Franca Deriu, David George Behm, Dawson J. Kidgell, Nicholas C. Clark, Lara A. Boyd
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Freddy Brown, Matt Hill, Derek Renshaw, Charles Pedlar, Jessica Hill, Ken van Someren, Glyn Howatson, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of compression garments on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. The results showed that compression garments did not enhance recovery but impaired the repeated bout effect at higher isokinetic velocities.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Yonas Akalu, Ashlyn K. Frazer, Glyn Howatson, Alan J. Pearce, Ummatul Siddique, Mohamad Rostami, Jamie Tallent, Dawson J. Kidgell
Summary: In addition to its established role in postural control, the reticulospinal tract (RST) has been found to be involved in strength, motor recovery, and other gross motor functions. This review aimed to determine the overall role of the RST in motor function and recovery. A literature search retrieved 32 eligible studies, including human and animal studies, that assessed the role of the RST. The findings suggest that the RST plays an important role in motor recovery, gross motor function, and strength gain, although further studies are needed to better understand its role in healthy individuals and its contribution to the development of spasticity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Janne Avela, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated spinal excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) silent period (SP) at different time delays in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that reduced spinal excitability was extended during 50% and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In the future, paired TMS-lumbar stimulation (LS) could be a valuable method for studying changes in spinal excitability during SP and testing various neurophysiological phenomena.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Danny Lum, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study compared the acute effects of isometric strength training and heavy resistance training on sprinting, jumping, and isometric strength performance. The results showed that acute heavy resistance training led to a greater reduction in sprinting strength performance and lower perceived recovery.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)