Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Koun Onodera, Hiroyuki K. Kato
Summary: The authors demonstrate that translaminar feedback projections from layer 5 suppress activity in superficial layers and enhance feature selectivity in the primary auditory cortex.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stan L. W. Driessens, Anna A. Galakhova, Djai B. Heyer, Isabel J. Pieterse, Rene Wilbers, Eline J. Mertens, Femke Waleboer, Tim S. Heistek, Loet Coenen, Julia R. Meijer, Sander Idema, Philip C. de Witt Hamer, David P. Noske, Christiaan P. J. de Kock, Brian R. Lee, Kimberly Smith, Jonathan T. Ting, Ed S. Lein, Huibert D. Mansvelder, Natalia A. Goriounova
Summary: This study found that genes associated with human cognition are mainly expressed in L3 pyramidal neurons in the human cortical region. Higher expression of these genes in neurons is linked to larger dendritic length and faster action potential kinetics, which are properties previously associated with intelligence. These genes are also involved in synaptic function and play a significant role in human brain evolution.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Qianyi Luo, Juran Chen, Yuhong Li, Xinyi Lin, Huiwen Yu, Xiaohui Lin, Huawang Wu, Hongjun Peng
Summary: This study extensively explored the cortical abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with childhood maltreatment. The findings revealed increased cortical curvature in the inferior frontal gyrus and decreased cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex in MDD patients with childhood maltreatment. The cortical curvature abnormality in the inferior frontal gyrus can be used as a neural biomarker for identifying MDD patients with childhood maltreatment.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander C. Whiting, Marcia Morita-Sherman, Manshi Li, Deborah Vegh, Brunno Machado de Campos, Fernando Cendes, Xiaofeng Wang, William Bingaman, Lara E. Jehi
Summary: This study demonstrates that preoperative cortical volume loss in both frontal and extrafrontal regions can be predictive of seizure outcome after frontal lobectomy, and models can be developed with excellent predictive capabilities using preoperative MRI data.
Article
Neurosciences
D. Fuhrmann, K. S. Madsen, L. B. Johansen, W. F. C. Baare, R. A. Kievit
Summary: This study utilizes high-temporal resolution neuroimaging data to quantify cortical thinning during adolescence, and shows that it can be precisely measured for each individual and brain region using appropriate models.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Haarsma, P. C. Fletcher, J. D. Griffin, H. J. Taverne, H. Ziauddeen, T. J. Spencer, C. Miller, T. Katthagen, I Goodyer, K. M. J. Diederen, G. K. Murray
Summary: Recent theories of cortical function propose that the brain engages in hierarchical Bayesian inference, with the precision of prediction errors controlled by dopamine playing a crucial role in learning and decision-making. This study found that in healthy individuals, consideration of the precision of the environment during belief updating is present, while patients with first-episode psychosis do not exhibit this behavior. The precision weighting of cortical prediction error signals is a key mechanism through which dopamine modulates inference and contributes to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ellen Ji, Danny Boerrigter, Helen Q. Cai, David Lloyd, Jason Bruggemann, Maryanne O'Donnell, Cherrie Galletly, Andrew Lloyd, Dennis Liu, Rhoshel Lenroot, Thomas W. Weickert, Cynthia Shannon Weickert
Summary: This study found that levels of complement factors, receptors, and regulators are significantly increased in patients with schizophrenia. Higher peripheral inflammation index scores are associated with reduced cortical thickness in the temporal lobe. These findings suggest that aberrant complement levels may play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Caroline Tandetnik, Elisa Sohier, Laurent Capelle, Viviane du Boullay, Michael Obadia, Mariam Chammat, Nadya Pyatigorskaia, Lionel Naccache
Summary: The free choice paradigm is extensively studied in cognitive dissonance research, with recent studies showing that choice-induced preference changes only occur for remembered choices, requiring normal functioning of executive networks. The crucial role of executive functions mediated by the frontal lobe in cognitive dissonance resolution has been demonstrated.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Veronica Pelliccia, Pietro Avanzini, Michele Rizzi, Fausto Caruana, Laura Tassi, Stefano Francione, Francesca Gozzo, Valeria Mariani, Piergiorgio d'Orio, Laura Castana, Roberto Mai, Michele Terzaghi, Lino Nobili, Ivana Sartori
Summary: Cingulate epilepsy is characterized by complex behaviors accompanied by emotional components. Different ictal variables have distinct distribution patterns among cingulate cortex subregions.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bo-yong Park, Sara Lariviere, Raul Rodriguez-Cruces, Jessica Royer, Shahin Tavakol, Yezhou Wang, Lorenzo Caciagli, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Antonio Gambardella, Luis Concha, Simon S. Keller, Fernando Cendes, Marina K. M. Alvim, Clarissa Yasuda, Leonardo Bonilha, Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Niels K. Focke, Barbara A. K. Kreilkamp, Martin Domin, Felix von Podewils, Soenke Langner, Christian Rummel, Michael Rebsamen, Roland Wiest, Pascal Martin, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Benjamin Bender, Terence J. O'Brien, Meng Law, Benjamin Sinclair, Lucy Vivash, Patrick Kwan, Patricia M. Desmond, Charles B. Malpas, Elaine Lui, Saud Alhusaini, Colin P. Doherty, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Norman Delanty, Reetta Kalviainen, Graeme D. Jackson, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Mario Mascalchi, Mira Semmelroch, Rhys H. Thomas, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Junsong Zhang, Matteo Lenge, Renzo Guerrini, Emanuele Bartolini, Khalid Hamandi, Sonya Foley, Bernd Weber, Chantal Depondt, Julie Absil, Sarah J. A. Carr, Eugenio Abela, Mark P. Richardson, Orrin Devinsky, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Costanza Parodi, Domenico Tortora, Sean N. Hatton, Sjoerd B. Vos, John S. Duncan, Marian Galovic, Christopher D. Whelan, Nuria Bargallo, Jose Pariente, Estefania Conde-Blanco, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Manuela Tondelli, Stefano Meletti, Xiang-Zhen Kong, Clyde Francks, Simon E. Fisher, Benoit Caldairou, Mina Ryten, Angelo Labate, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Paul M. Thompson, Carrie R. McDonald, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris C. Bernhardt
Summary: This study compared the spatial distribution of grey matter asymmetry and atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy using the ENIGMA-Epilepsy dataset. The results showed marked differences between the two measures, with asymmetry revealing anomalies in ipsilateral limbic circuits and atrophy displaying diffuse and bilateral patterns. Additionally, cortical atrophy was correlated with disease duration and age at seizure onset.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Li, Xiaoyan Miao, Buxin Han, Juan Li
Summary: Hearing impairment is a significant modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. This study examines the association between central hearing ability in real-world conditions and cognitive aging. The findings suggest that higher hearing thresholds are linked to lower performance in memory, executive function, working memory, reading, and vocabulary comprehension. Furthermore, cortical thickness in the left parahippocampal cortex acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between central hearing and cognitive performance.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Zoe R. Guttman, Dara G. Ghahremani, Jean-Baptiste Pochon, Andy C. Dean, Edythe D. London
Summary: Decision-making strategies change with age, with loss aversion following a curvilinear trajectory, decreasing in young adulthood and increasing in middle-age. The atrophy of the posterior cingulate cortex mediates this trajectory, influencing loss aversion beyond a threshold in middle adulthood.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ya-Qiang Zhang, Wei-Peng Lin, Li-Ping Huang, Bing Zhao, Cheng-Cheng Zhang, Dong-Min Yin
Summary: This study demonstrates the significant role of dopamine D2 receptor in regulating synaptic pruning in the anterior cingulate cortex, impacting LTD and behavior in transgenic rats. The findings suggest that Drd2 regulates synaptic pruning through cell-autonomous mechanisms involving mTOR signaling, rather than synapse formation. Deficits in Drd2-mediated synaptic pruning during adolescence may lead to hyper-glutamatergic function and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Paul W. Burgess, James Crum, Paola Pinti, Clarisse Aichelburg, Dominic Oliver, Frida Lind, Sarah Power, Elizabeth Swingler, Uzair Hakim, Arcangelo Merla, Sam Gilbert, Ilias Tachtsidis, Antonia Hamilton
Summary: Activation of rostral PFC during prospective memory tasks can be attributed to monitoring of the environment, spontaneous intention retrieval, or a combination of the two. This study found widespread activation in medial and right hemisphere rostral prefrontal cortex when individuals maintained both social and non-social intentions, with increased activation in lateral prefrontal cortex during social intentions. The spatial and temporal distribution of functional events in BA 10 suggests a specific role in prospective memory tasks.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Kathrin Kollndorfer, Astrid Novak, Karl-Heinz Nenning, Florian Ph S. Fischmeister, Rainer Seidl, Georg Langs, Gregor Kasprian, Daniela Prayer, Lisa Bartha-Doering
Summary: Planning ability, an important cognitive skill, plays a significant role in everyday life and academic-economic success. This study found a positive correlation between the cortical thickness of the right caudal middle frontal gyrus and planning performance through structural MRI examination.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)