Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carina Blomstrom-Lundqvist, Bozena Ostrowska
Summary: CIED infections are a significant concern despite recommended prevention strategies, with infection rates continuing to rise and leading to increased healthcare costs. Recent trials aim to provide important steps for better prevention of device infections, emphasizing the importance of adherence to recommendations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Moris Topaz, Ehud Chorin, Arie Lorin Schwartz, Aviram Hochstadt, Avraham Shotan, Itamar Ashkenazi, Mark Kazatsker, Narin-Nard Carmel, Guy Topaz, Yoram Oron, Gilad Margolis, Eyal Nof, Roy Beinart, Michael Glikson, Anna Mazo, Anat Milman, Michal Dekel, Shmuel Banai, Raphael Rosso, Sami Viskin
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of delivering continuous, in situ-targeted, ultrahigh concentration of antibiotics (CITA) into the infected device pocket as an alternative to device extraction. It was found that CITA is a safe and effective treatment for patients with pocket infections who are unable or unwilling to undergo extraction.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hui-Chen Han, Nathaniel M. Hawkins, Charles M. Pearman, David H. Birnie, Andrew D. Krahn
Summary: CIED infection is a serious complication with a 1% infection rate, influenced by technical, patient, and procedural factors. Considering these factors is essential for minimizing infection risk.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fozia Z. Ahmed, Carina Blomstrom-Lundqvist, Heather Bloom, Christopher Cooper, Christopher Ellis, Andreas Goette, Arnold J. Greenspon, Charles J. Love, Jens Brock Johansen, Francois Philippon, Khaldoun G. Tarakji, Reece Holbrook, Lou Sherfesee, Ying Xia, Swathi Seshadri, Daniel R. Lexcen, Andrew D. Krahn
Summary: The PADIT infection risk score, developed from a large dataset, identified five independent predictors of CIED infection. A validation study using U.S. healthcare claims data confirmed the predictive value of the risk score, especially when combined with prior CIED infection history, in identifying high-risk patients for targeted interventions to reduce CIED infection risk.
Article
Biology
Igor Diemberger, Luca Segreti, Christopher A. Rinaldi, Jesper Hastrup Svendsen, Andrzej Kutarski, Arwa Younis, Cecile Laroche, Christophe Leclercq, Barbara Malecka, Przemyslaw Mitkowski, Maria Grazia Bongiorni
Summary: According to the analysis of patients with infection of implantable pacemakers/defibrillators, about one-third of the cases showed systemic infection, which is associated with increased complications and mortality during hospitalization. Patients with systemic infection have different characteristics compared to those with local infection, suggesting that some infections may be systemic from the beginning. These findings have important implications for further research and treatment.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vincenzo Tarzia, Matteo Ponzoni, Giuseppe Evangelista, Chiara Tessari, Emanuele Bertaglia, Manuel De Lazzari, Fabio Zanella, Demetrio Pittarello, Federico Migliore, Gino Gerosa
Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed the experience of using the AngioVac system for removing infected leads and found it to be an effective and safe alternative for debulking large CDRIE vegetations. Planning the extracorporeal circuit design may be the optimal strategy to enhance surgical tolerability and minimize complications.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Thomas F. Deering, John N. Catanzaro, David A. Woodard
Summary: This study found that the use of antibiotics, especially gentamicin, in biologic envelope hydration solution may reduce infection risk in CIED procedures. Additionally, utilizing antibacterial envelopes without adjunct IV ABX may not be sufficient to reduce infection rates.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Thomas Olsen, Ole Dan Jorgensen, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Anna Margrethe Thogersen, Berit Thornvig Philbert, Maria Hee Jung Park Frausing, Niels Christian Foldager Sandgaard, Jens Brock Johansen
Summary: This study aimed to identify patient-related risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections. The study found that CIED reoperations, young age, prior valvular surgery, severe renal insufficiency, and dermatitis were associated with a higher risk of CIED infections.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lucia Boix-Palop, Beatriz Dietl, Esther Calbo, Andrea Di Marco, Mariona Xercavins, Pedro Maria Martinez Perez-Crespo, Adrian Sousa, Miguel Montejo Baranda, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Luis Eduardo Lopez-Cortes
Summary: Cardiac device-related infection is common during late-onset bloodstream infection, with Gram-positive pathogens being the main cause.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Grzegorz Slawinski, Maciej Kempa, Andrzej Przybylski
Summary: The importance of CIEDs in treating cardiac rhythm disturbances, heart failure, and preventing sudden cardiac death is undeniable. However, CIED therapy is associated with complications, particularly infections, which have a significant impact on prognosis. This review summarizes current knowledge on diagnosing and managing CIED infections and also discusses alternative methods like subcutaneous defibrillators, leadless pacemakers, and wearable cardioverter defibrillators.
REVIEWS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hilary C. Bowman, Kevin M. Shannon, Reshma Biniwale, Jeremy P. Moore
Summary: In adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients, overall dysfunction and reintervention rates of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are similar between transvenous (TV) and epicardial (EPI) approaches, but lead dysfunction is more severe in EPI devices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michele Malagu, Francesco Vitali, Alessandro Brieda, Paolo Cimaglia, Martina De Raffele, Enea Tazzari, Cristina Musolino, Cristina Balla, Matteo Serenelli, Rosario Cultrera, Claudio Rapezzi, Matteo Bertini
Summary: In a study involving patients undergoing CIED surgery, stratification of infective risk guided antibiotic prophylaxis with similar infection rates observed between high and low-risk groups after 250 days of follow-up. Active neoplasia, haematoma, and reintervention were identified as independent risk factors for CIED-related infection.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sean D. Pokorney, Lindsay Zepel, Melissa A. Greiner, Vance G. Fowler, Eric Black-Maier, Robert K. Lewis, Donald D. Hegland, Christopher B. Granger, Laurence M. Epstein, Roger G. Carrillo, Bruce L. Wilkoff, Chantelle Hardy, Jonathan P. Piccini
Summary: This study analyzed data from Medicare patients who underwent CIED implantation and lead extraction from 2006 to 2019. The results showed that lead extraction was associated with a lower risk of death, highlighting the importance of adherence to treatment guidelines for CIED infection.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Khaldoun G. Tarakji, Panagiotis Korantzopoulos, Francois Philippon, Mauro Biffi, Suneet Mittal, Jeanne E. Poole, Charles Kennergren, Daniel R. Lexcen, Jeff D. Lande, Swathi Seshadri, Bruce L. Wilkoff
Summary: Among WRAP-IT patients, the risk of hematoma was 2.2%. Control patients with hematoma had a significantly higher risk of developing major CIED infection, which was effectively reduced by 82% with antibacterial envelope use compared to control patients.
Review
Mycology
Risa Fuller, Samantha E. Jacobs
Summary: Intravascular diseases caused by Candida species are rare but devastating manifestations of invasive candidiasis. Limited prospective data exists to guide the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. This article reviews the literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of endocarditis, rhythm management device infections, and circulatory support device infections caused by Candida species and suggests areas for future research.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Hassan Ishaq, Wajeeha Tariq, Khawaja Muhammad Talha, Bharath Raj Varatharaj Palraj, M. Rizwan Sohail, Larry M. Baddour, Maryam Mahmood
Summary: Overall mortality and complicated bacteremia were not significantly associated with high vancomycin MICs in patients with MRSAB. Early mortality was significantly associated with low vancomycin MIC, while mortality in studies using broth microdilution method and need for mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with high vancomycin MIC. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the predictive value of vancomycin MIC values for mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes in patients with MRSAB.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Cristina Corsini Campioli, John Raymond Go, Madiha Fida, Douglas Challener, Muhammad Rizwan Sohail, Omar Abu Saleh, Sarwat Khalil
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Deeksha Jandhyala, Prakhar Vijayvargiya, Natalia E. Castillo Almeida, Pooja Gurram, Cristina G. Corsini Campioli, John M. Stulak, Stacey A. Rizza, John C. O'Horo, Daniel C. DeSimone, Larry M. Baddour, M. Rizwan Sohail
Summary: Patients with LVAD-related BSI are at high risk of relapse, so CAS therapy may be a reasonable approach in managing these cases. On the other hand, routine use of CAS therapy may be unnecessary for non-LVAD BSIs.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Madiha Fida, Omar Abu Saleh, Larry M. Baddour, M. Rizwan Sohail
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Khawaja M. Talha, Hassan Ishaq, Rommel Ramesh, Wajeeha Tariq, Verda Arshad, Larry M. Baddour, M. Rizwan Sohail, Raj Palraj
Summary: The study aimed to determine the role of high VMIC in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with MRSAB but found that it was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, median duration of bacteremia, and metastatic infectious complications. Septic arthritis associated with low VMIC was significant.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Larry M. Baddour, Aylin Shafiyi, Brian D. Lahr, Nandan S. Anavekar, James M. Steckelberg, Walter R. Wilson, M. Rizwan Sohail, Daniel C. DeSimone
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of infective endocarditis in a population in six counties of southern Minnesota between 2014 and 2018. The results showed that the incidence rate increased exponentially with age and was significantly higher in men compared to women.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nana Aburjania, Christine M. Hay, Muhammad R. Sohail
Summary: Diagnosis and treatment of LVAD infections are challenging, with no clinical trials evaluating the best approach currently available. The presence of an implantable device in patients adds to the difficulty of treatment.
ANNALS OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Corsini Campioli, Natalia E. Castillo Almeida, John C. O'Horo, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Walter R. Wilson, Edison Cano, Daniel C. DeSimone, Larry M. Baddour, Jamie J. Van Gompel, M. Rizwan Sohail
Summary: A retrospective study of adults with pyogenic brain abscess from January 1, 2009, through June 30, 2020, revealed that most patients received both medical and surgical treatment with good outcomes. Those who had a longer duration of therapy had better treatment efficacy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Cristina Corsini Campioli, Natalia E. Castillo Almeida, John C. O'Horo, Walter R. Wilson, Edison Cano, Daniel C. DeSimone, Larry M. Baddour, M. Rizwan Sohail
Summary: This retrospective study investigated adult patients with monomicrobial brain abscesses caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The study found that brain abscesses caused by gram-negative bacteria were more likely to occur in patients with a history of head and neck surgery. In terms of treatment failure, gram-negative bacteria had a higher rate compared to gram-positive bacteria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
John Raymond Go, Douglas Challener, Cristina Corsini Campioli, M. Rizwan Sohail, Raj Palraj, Larry M. Baddour, Omar Abu Saleh
Summary: The clinical significance of a single positive blood culture bottle (SPBCB) with Staphylococcus aureus remains unclear, but this study suggests that it is often clinically significant. Patients with SPBCB receive longer courses of antibiotic therapy compared to those with multiple positive bottles, and they have a higher risk of infective endocarditis and mortality.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Supavit Chesdachai, Larry M. Baddour, M. Rizwan Sohail, Bharath Raj Palraj, Malini Madhavan, Hussam Tabaja, Madiha Fida, Brian D. Lahr, Daniel C. DeSimone
Summary: The rate of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection following Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) is relatively low. Accurate classification of CIED infection remains challenging in patients presenting with GNB.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rommel Ramesh, Mariam Assi, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Muhammad Rizwan Sohail
Summary: Lawsonella clevelandensis, a newly discovered pathogen primarily identified with molecular methods, has been increasingly reported in the literature with the incorporation of broad-range PCR testing in clinical diagnostics. Treatment involving surgical resection, antibiotic therapy, and chronic suppression effectively controlled the infection in the described case.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John Raymond Go, Cristina Corsini Campioli, Daniel DeSimone, Muhammad Rizwan Sohail
Summary: A 78-year-old man with a history of heart failure, who may have acquired S. simulans from feeding cows on a nearby farm, presented with chills and malaise. Following a prolonged extraction procedure for his implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), he developed septic shock and ultimately succumbed to refractory hypotension and multiorgan failure despite treatment.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Faiq Shaikh, Michael Brun Andersen, M. Rizwan Sohail, Francisca Mulero, Omer Awan, Diana Dupont-Roettger, Olga Kubassova, Jamshid Dehmeshki, Sotirios Bisdas
Summary: The clinical management of COVID-19 is challenging, and medical imaging plays a critical role in early detection and clinical monitoring. Chest x-ray and CT are standard imaging modalities for disease status assessment, while AI can enhance predictive power of these approaches.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
M. Rizwan Sohail, G. Ralph Corey, Bruce L. Wilkoff, Jeanne E. Poole, Suneet Mittal, Charles Kennergren, Arnold J. Greenspon, Alan Cheng, Jeffrey D. Lande, Daniel R. Lexcen, Khaldoun G. Tarakji
Summary: This study characterized the microbiology of major cardiac implantable electronic device infections during the WRAP-IT study and found that the use of antibacterial envelope significantly reduced pocket infections, especially against Staphylococcus species, the predominant cause of pocket infections.
JACC-CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)