Article
Agronomy
Xin Zhang, Zhuang Meng, Jinlei Han, Haris Khurshid, Ayman Esh, Robert Hasterok, Kai Wang
Summary: Autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy are common in plants, but autopolyploidy has received less attention and its evolutionary consequences are unclear. Using chromosome painting probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we studied chromosome behavior in autotetraploid, autooctoploid, and autodecaploid sugarcane clones. All autopolyploid clones exhibited stable diploidized chromosome behavior, with preferential pairing observed between homologous copies of chromosome 8. Sequence variation analysis showed no apparent differences among homologs of chromosome 8. Our results suggest that unknown mechanisms, other than DNA sequence similarity, contribute to stable meiotic behavior in these autopolyploid sugarcane plants.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
I. M. Serrano-Leon, P. Prieto, M. Aguilar
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive molecular analysis of telomeres and subtelomeres in barley chromosomes. The findings suggest that these regions play a significant role in the early chromosomal interactions during meiosis in barley, specifically in the homologous recognition and pairing process. Understanding the genome organization of barley and its role in plant breeding is crucial.
Review
Cell Biology
Mireia Sole, Alvaro Pascual, Ester Anton, Joan Blanco, Zaida Sarrate
Summary: Meiosis involves important events such as homologous chromosomal pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation, which contribute to reducing ploidy level and increasing genetic diversity. In most sexually reproducing eukaryotes, homologous chromosome pairing relies on mechanisms associated with DNA double-strand break repair and other pre-break formation processes. This article discusses various strategies used by model organisms for DSB-independent pairing, including chromosome clustering, nuclear and chromosome movements, specific proteins, non-coding RNA, and DNA sequences involvement.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qinghua Shi, Xianrui Guo, Handong Su, Yingxin Zhang, Zanmin Hu, Jing Zhang, Fangpu Han
Summary: In this study, researchers found that the induced tetraploid Th. elongatum and the natural tetraploid Th. elongatum are morphologically similar, except for slower development and lower seed setting in the induced tetraploid. Using various molecular probes, the researchers identified differences between two chromosome sets of the natural tetraploid Th. elongatum, but not the induced one. Analysis of hybrid individuals and meiosis in the induced tetraploid revealed that chromosome pairing was successful, indicating rapid diploidization in the induced tetraploid.
Article
Biology
Regina Rillo-Bohn, Renzo Adilardi, Therese Mitros, Baris Avsaroglu, Lewis Stevens, Simone Kohler, Joshua Bayes, Clara Wang, Sabrina Lin, K. Alienor Baskevitch, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Abby F. Dernburg
Summary: Meiosis is a conserved process in eukaryotes but can vary in its details. The nematode Pristionchus pacificus has been identified as a new model system for molecular analysis of meiosis, showing differences with the widely studied Caenorhabditis elegans in the expression of recombinases and the processes of synapsis and crossover formation.
Article
Biology
Myron Barber Child, Jack R. Bateman, Amir Jahangiri, Armando Reimer, Nicholas C. Lammers, Nica Sabouni, Diego Villamarin, Grace C. McKenzie-Smith, Justine E. Johnson, Daniel Jost, Hernan G. Garcia
Summary: Research suggests that somatic homolog pairing in fruit fly may be driven by specifically interacting 'buttons' encoded along chromosomes, and a quantitative biophysical model has been proposed to demonstrate this hypothesis.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Charles Addo Nyarko, Annaliese S. Mason
Summary: Polyploids need to segregate homologous chromosomes correctly, which is not only determined by sequence similarity but also under strong genetic control that may vary between lineages. Factors such as partner availability and genome structure may also influence the level of sequence similarity required for crossover formation.
TRENDS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiao Yang, Meihui Song, Ying Wang, Taicong Tan, Zhongyu Tian, Binyuan Zhai, Xuan Yang, Yingjin Tan, Yanding Cao, Shaojun Dai, Shunxin Wang, Liangran Zhang
Summary: This study identifies a molecular pathway for axis length regulation in meiotic cells. It shows that the cohesin regulator Pds5 interacts with proteasomes to regulate the ubiquitination level of chromosome proteins, which affects chromosome axis length. Two ubiquitin E3 ligases, SCF and Ufd4, are involved in this pathway. These findings contribute to our understanding of how Pds5 regulates meiotic chromosome organization and suggest a conserved regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Yu, Liping Zhang, Xiaojuan He, Taohui Zhang, Chaolong Wang, Jiayu Lu, Xiaodong He, Keyi Chen, Weihang Gu, Siqi Cheng, Yang Hu, Bowen Yao, Anqi Jian, Xiaowen Yu, Hai Zheng, Shimin You, Qiming Wang, Dekun Lei, Ling Jiang, Zhigang Zhao, Jianmin Wan
Summary: This study identified a gene, OsPHS1, in rice that is involved in homologous chromosome recognition and pairing during meiosis. Mutations in OsPHS1 resulted in abnormal development of pollen and embryo sacs, leading to male and female sterility in rice plants. The findings suggest that OsPHS1 plays a crucial role in homologous chromosome pairing during rice gametogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jodi D. Weiss, Shelby L. McVey, Sarah E. Stinebaugh, Caroline F. Sullivan, R. Kelly Dawe, Natalie J. Nannas
Summary: The assembly and disassembly of spindles in maize meiosis exhibit variability but follow a predictable series of events.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Yongliang Shang, Taicong Tan, Cunxian Fan, Hui Nie, Ying Wang, Xiao Yang, Binyuan Zhai, Shunxin Wang, Liangran Zhang
Summary: Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, and crossover recombination plays a crucial role in establishing connections between homolog chromosomes and promoting genetic diversity. Aberrant crossover patterns can lead to infertility, miscarriage, and congenital disease. Chromosome axis length is involved in regulating the numbers and positions of crossovers, and may contribute to evolutionary adaptation.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiachen Yuan, Gongyao Shi, Yan Yang, Janeen Braynen, Xinjie Shi, Xiaochun Wei, Zhuolin Hao, Xiaowei Zhang, Yuxiang Yuan, Baoming Tian, Zhengqing Xie, Fang Wei
Summary: The cytological observations suggest that evolutionary genome duplication may impact non-homologous chromosome pairing in haploid B. rapa during meiosis. The study demonstrates diploid-like chromosome pairing behavior and well-organized cytoskeletal configurations in haploid B. rapa, indicating a similarity in gene expression patterns related to chromosome synapsis and homologous recombination between haploid and diploid plants. This phenomenon may be attributed to the evolutionary homology of genomic segments resulting from whole-genome duplication, which could reshape the meiosis division course and affect pollen development in plants.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Osamu Samura, Yoshiharu Nakaoka, Norio Miharu
Summary: Gametogenesis differs between oocytes and sperm, with oocytes having chromosomal aneuploidies and most structural anomalies originating from sperm. Increasing female age leads to an increased number of chromosomal aberrations due to a prolonged meiotic period. Chromosome analysis of sperm is challenging but methods have been developed, allowing for the evaluation of individual sperm. Understanding gametic chromosomal abnormalities is crucial in assisted reproductive technology, but questions regarding which cases should undergo sperm chromosome analysis and result interpretation need to be addressed.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xueting Li, Fei Huang, Jin Chai, Qiusong Wang, Fan Yu, Yongji Huang, Jiayun Wu, Qinnan Wang, Liangnian Xu, Muqing Zhang, Zuhu Deng
Summary: Through cytogenetic analysis, numerous meiotic abnormalities were observed in F-1 hybrids between S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) confirmed that 96.70% of lagging chromosomes were from E. arundinaceus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA probes showed chromosome loss and unequal chromosomal separation in tetrads.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuxing Zhang, Lingling Yang, Kailun Fang, Qidan Li, Hongkai Xu, Yan Ren, Jin Zi, Charlie Degui Chen, Siqi Liu
Summary: This study examined the quantitative proteomics of chromosome-binding proteins (CBPs) in meiotic prophase I (MPI) in mice. The results showed that CBPs exhibited dynamic changes and formed different complexes during MPI. These complexes functioned in different categories and provided evidence for the importance of CBP complexes in MPI.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
P. M. Dracatos, R. F. Park, D. Singh
Summary: The development and validation of codominant insertion-deletion (indel) based PCR markers provide an efficient approach for selecting genotypes with multiple effective resistance genes for barley leaf rust, enabling effective gene deployment and stewardship.
Article
Mycology
Erpei Wang, Chongmei Dong, Peng Zhang, Thomas H. Roberts, Robert F. Park
Summary: The study identified and elucidated the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in rust fungi, revealing that only two genes play a key role in the process. This provides valuable insights into the physiological role of carotenoid pigments in rust fungi and the evolution within the Pucciniales.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Na Zhang, Shengliang Yuan, Chenguang Zhao, Robert F. Park, Xiaolei Wen, Wenxiang Yang, Daqun Liu
Summary: The TaNAC35 gene negatively regulates leaf rust resistance in wheat, and its inhibition enhances resistance to the rust pathogen. This study provides molecular insights into the interaction between the rust pathogen and wheat host, highlighting a potential target for engineering resistance in wheat.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Karanjeet Singh Sandhu, Davinder Singh, Robert F. Park
Summary: Wheat is crucial for global food security with 2.5 billion people relying on it for dietary calories. Wheat stripe rust, a major constraint to production, is best controlled through genetic resistance. Developing a reliable assessment scale is essential for screening and characterizing rust resistance genes, pathogen survey, and fungicide research.
AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Aurelie Quade, Robert F. Park, Ben J. Stodart, Gavin J. Ash
Summary: The specific pre- and post-cold storage treatments for maintaining the viability of rust fungi spores depend on the species. This study optimized the requirements for storing Puccinia sorghi spores and found that they remained infectious after 24 months of storage at -80 degrees C without the need for cold shock or heat shock.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yi Ding, Donald M. Gardiner, Jonathan J. Powell, Michelle L. Colgrave, Robert F. Park, Kemal Kazan
Summary: This study investigated the transcriptional and metabolic responses in Brachypodium distachyon roots following challenge with Fusarium graminearum. It was found that Bd roots recognized encroaching Fg prior to physical contact by altering gene expression and secretion of host metabolites, resulting in increased resistance to the pathogen.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Mehnaz Mehnaz, Peter M. Dracatos, Robert F. Park, Davinder Singh
Summary: Vast collections of barley germplasm with genetic diversity for resistance to Puccinia hordei have been established and conserved. This study identified known and novel sources of all-stage and adult plant resistance to P. hordei in a core set of 315 barley lines. The resistance sources identified in this study provide valuable resources for further breeding and diversifying the genetic basis of leaf rust resistance in barley.
Article
Microbiology
Michelle C. Moffitt, Johanna Wong-Bajracharya, Louise S. Shuey, Robert F. Park, Geoff S. Pegg, Jonathan M. Plett
Summary: In this study, untargeted metabolomics was used to explore the chemical defense profiles of different phenotypes within Melaleuca quinquenervia during the early stages of Austropuccinia psidii infection. The results identified different pools of secondary metabolites and provided an improved understanding of key pathways linked to rust resistance, particularly in Melaleuca. This study has significant implications for the management and conservation of Melaleuca species.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hoan X. Dinh, Davinder Singh, Diana Gomez de la Cruz, Goetz Hensel, Jochen Kumlehn, Martin Mascher, Nils Stein, Dragan Perovic, Michael Ayliffe, Matthew J. Moscou, Robert F. Park, Mohammad Pourkheirandish
Summary: In this study, the researchers successfully isolated the barley leaf rust resistance gene Rph3 using positional cloning. They found that Rph3 encodes a unique transmembrane resistance protein and is expressed only upon infection by specific avirulent Puccinia hordei isolates. Heterologous expression of Rph3 induced a cell death response. The study also revealed limited genetic diversity in Rph3 in domesticated germplasm and higher diversity in wild barley.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alistair R. McTaggart, Timothy Y. James, Alexander Idnurm, Robert F. Park, Louise S. Shuey, Michelle N. K. Demers, M. Catherine Aime
Summary: Sexual reproduction, mutation, and reassortment of nuclei contribute to increased genotypic diversity in rust fungi. Furthermore, rust fungi exchange nuclei through somatic hybridisation, leading to increased genotypic diversity.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Harbans S. Bariana, Prashanth Babu, Kerrie L. Forrest, Robert F. Park, Urmil K. Bansal
Summary: Breeding for leaf rust resistance has been successful due to the discovery and characterization of genetically diverse sources of resistance. In this study, a wheat genotype named Aus27352 from Yugoslavia was found to be resistant to Australian pathotypes of leaf rust. Through crossbreeding and screening, a new resistance gene named Lr82 was identified and molecular markers linked to Lr82 were developed. These findings provide a valuable tool for marker-assisted breeding programs.
Review
Agronomy
R. F. Park, W. H. P. Boshoff, A. L. Cabral, J. Chong, J. A. Martinelli, M. S. McMullen, J. W. Mitchell Fetch, E. Paczos-Grzeda, E. Prats, J. Roake, S. Sowa, L. Ziems, D. Singh
Summary: Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), is a significant obstacle to oat production worldwide. Understanding the allelic relationships and chromosomal locations of resistance genes in oat is still limited. The high variability of Pca necessitates strategies to control the disease considering a large and diverse pathogen population. Pyramiding multiple resistance genes could enhance resistance levels.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Laura A. Ziems, Lovepreet Singh, Peter M. Dracatos, Mark J. Dieters, Miguel Sanchez-Garcia, Ahmed Amri, Ramesh Pal Singh Verma, Robert F. Park, Davinder Singh
Summary: A panel of 114 genetically diverse barley lines were assessed for resistance to Puccinia hordei. Several different resistance genes and genomic regions associated with resistance were identified. These findings provide valuable information for breeding efforts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md Arifuzzaman, Matthias Jost, Meinan Wang, Xianming Chen, Dragan Perovic, Robert F. Park, Matthew Rouse, Kerrie Forrest, Matthew Hayden, Ghazanfar Abbas Khan, Peter M. Dracatos
Summary: In this study, a genotype-by-sequencing approach was used to identify rust resistance alleles in a collection of diverse barley landraces and cultivars. Resistance factors were found on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 4H, and 5H. Additionally, a QTL on chromosome 5HL conferred resistance to both leaf rust and stripe rust.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Carolina Alessandra de Almeida Hayashibara, Mariana da Silva Lopes, Peri A. Tobias, Isaneli Batista dos Santos, Everthon Fernandes Figueredo, Jessica Aparecida Ferrarezi, Joao Paulo Rodrigues Marques, Joelma Marcon, Robert F. Park, Paulo Jose Pereira Lima Teixeira, Maria Carolina Quecine
Summary: Austropuccinia psidii is a biotrophic fungus that causes myrtle rust. It infects more than 480 myrtaceous species and has become a globally important pathogen. In this study, the researchers identified and characterized 255 virulence effector candidates in A. psidii strain MF-1 recovered from Eucalyptus grandis. They found that the expression of seven effector candidate genes is regulated by cell wax from resistant and susceptible hosts. This research provides new insights into the A. psidii-Eucalyptus interaction and offers a potential entry point for understanding how the pathogen manipulates its hosts using effector proteins.