Review
Parasitology
Jennifer L. Cain, Martin K. Nielsen
Summary: This article discusses the importance of equine ascarids as nematode parasites in juvenile horses and their role as model organisms in cell biology research. It also highlights the lack of understanding in the general biology and mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance in Parascaris spp. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for proper specimen identification and the impact of omitting important information in scientific literature.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Kinga Joo, Roxana Laura Truzsi, Csenge Kalman, Szilard Jakab, Andras Baba
Summary: Due to increasing drug resistance, traditional parasite control strategies for adult horses are no longer effective and recommendations need to be re-evaluated. The major parasites of adult horses have shifted from large strongyles to small strongyles and tapeworms, while foals and weanlings are still primarily affected by ascarids. Customized parasite control strategies and special attention to horses under 3 years old will enhance animal welfare and offer economic benefits.
MAGYAR ALLATORVOSOK LAPJA
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Stephanie L. Macdonald, Ghazanfar Abbas, Abdul Ghafar, Charles G. Gauci, Jenni Bauquier, Charles El-Hage, Brett Tennent-Brown, Edwina J. A. Wilkes, Anne Beasley, Caroline Jacobson, Lucy Cudmore, Peter Carrigan, John Hurley, Ian Beveridge, Kristopher J. Hughes, Martin K. Nielsen, Abdul Jabbar
Summary: This paper reviews the available data on the egg reappearance period (ERP) of cyathostomins against the three major classes of anthelmintics. A total of 54 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Until 2022, there was no agreed definition of the ERP, and different definitions in the literature complicated the comparison between studies. Future research is needed to understand the mechanism(s) behind the shortening of ERP for cyathostomins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shebl E. Salem, Amany M. Abd El-Ghany, Mohamed H. Hamad, Ahmed M. Abdelaal, Hussein A. Elsheikh, Alaa A. Hamid, Mohamed A. Saud, Simon P. Daniels, Refaat Ras
Summary: The prevalence of strongyle and Parascaris equorum infection is low in the studied working horse population in Egypt, with evidence showing no resistance to macrocyclic lactones or benzimidazole in strongyles. Anthelmintic treatment in the past year was associated with reduced likelihood of strongyle infection, while age and gender were factors associated with Parascaris equorum infection.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
K. E. Bull, K. J. Allen, J. E. Hodgkinson, L. E. Peachey
Summary: Resistance to benzimidazole (BZ) and tetrahydropyrimidine (PYR) anthelmintics in cyathostomin populations has led to reliance on macrocyclic lactone (ML) drugs like ivermectin and moxidectin. The first confirmed case of resistance to both IVM and MOX was reported in the USA, suggesting the emergence of ML resistance and the potential spread through horse movement. This study highlights the need for increased awareness and surveillance of ML efficacy against cyathostomin populations in the UK.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Murat Oezben, Georg Von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Malene K. B. Freiin von Streit, Edwina J. A. Wilkes, Kristopher J. Hughes, Juergen Krucken
Summary: This study suggests that different mechanisms may lead to benzimidazoles resistance in ascarids and strongyle nematodes.
Article
Parasitology
Jennifer L. Cain, Jamie K. Norris, Nichol E. Ripley, Parul Suri, Constance A. Finnerty, Holli S. Gravatte, Martin K. Nielsen
Summary: This study used 16S rRNA sequences and Illumina sequencing to characterize and compare the microbiota of Parascaris spp. The results showed differences in microbiota diversity between different organs of the parasites. Certain microbes, such as Veillonella and Sarcina, exhibited significant differences between groups. Comparing the microbiota of different Parascaris spp. specimens may provide potential targets for future parasite control options.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maria V. Baranova, Olga A. Panova, Daria N. Polukhina, Daria S. Panova
Summary: The study revealed high rates of nematode infection in horses in the Moscow Region, with Parascaris equorum being the most common. The egg reappearance period indicated the need for additional monitoring of anthelmintic resistance for effective control.
Article
Parasitology
Ylva Hedberg Alm, Peter Halvarsson, Frida Martin, Eva Osterman-Lind, Vendela Torngren, Eva Tyden
Summary: Cyathostomin parasites, which are commonly found in grazing horses, have developed resistance to anthelmintic drug pyrantel. A study in Sweden showed only 4.5% of farms had confirmed resistance, but the impact of conservative drug use on pyrantel effectiveness remained unknown. This study investigated the effect of pyrantel on cyathostomin infection in Sweden, demonstrating resistance in nine out of sixteen farms. The study also analyzed the species composition using metabarcoding and found no significant effect of treatment on the composition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
M. K. Nielsen
Summary: This study reports fecal egg count data from a Thoroughbred operation in Central Kentucky in 2023, showing low efficacy of anthelmintic drugs against Anoplocephalid tapeworms in horses. The findings raise concerns about the possible development of anthelmintic resistance and highlight the need for developing alternative treatment options and refining evaluation methods for anti-cestodal treatment efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Martin K. Nielsen, Ashley E. Steuer, Haley P. Anderson, Stefan Gavriliuc, Alyssa B. Carpenter, Elizabeth M. Redman, John S. Gilleard, Craig R. Reinemeyer, Jocelyn Poissant
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of moxidectin and ivermectin against equine parasites and the egg reappearance period, revealing different efficacies of the two drugs against adult and larval stages at different time points. Additionally, differential activity of moxidectin and ivermectin on certain cyathostomin species was observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Martin K. Nielsen, Ashley E. Steuer, Haley P. Anderson, Stefan Gavriliuc, Alyssa B. Carpenter, Elizabeth M. Redman, John S. Gilleard, Craig R. Reinemeyer, Jocelyn Poissant
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive investigation of current macrocyclic lactone efficacy patterns and important insight into potential mechanisms behind shortened egg reappearance periods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Ylva Hedberg Alm, Eva Osterman-Lind, Frida Martin, Rebecca Lindfors, Nina Roepstorff, Ulf Hedenstrom, Isabelle Fredriksson, Peter Halvarsson, Eva Tyden
Summary: Cyathostominae is the most prevalent internal parasite in grazing horses but has developed resistance to anthelmintic drugs. A study in Swedish equine establishments practicing selective anthelmintic treatment found no confirmed resistance to IVM and supported the use of selective deworming regimens to reduce the risk of resistance development.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Nicola Walshe, Alison Burrell, Ursula Kenny, Grace Mulcahy, Vivienne Duggan, Aine Regan
Summary: This study explores the attitudes and behaviors of horse breeders towards parasite control practices and anthelmintic use on thoroughbred studs in Ireland. It found that current practices are primarily based on the prophylactic use of anthelmintics without a strategic rationale. Breeders' behavior is influenced by localized routine and tradition, and there is a lack of understanding and application of parasitology diagnostics for control. Anthelmintic resistance is recognized as an industry threat, but not considered an issue for individual farms.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Z. A. Beg, N. Roohi, Z. Iqbal, M. A. Iqbal, A. Zulfiqar
Summary: This study evaluated the use of locally accessible herbal plants as natural remedies for managing Parascaris equorum infection in horses. The herbal extracts showed efficacy in reducing the number of parasite eggs in fecal samples, with Nigella sativa exhibiting the highest effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCES-JAPS
(2023)