期刊
EPL
卷 89, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/89/10007
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资金
- DFG [SE1119/3-1]
- ESF network EPSD
- Alexander von Humboldt foundation
- Helios Solar Energy Research Center
- Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
In equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) expresses the response of an observable to a small perturbation by a correlation function of this variable with another one that is conjugate to the perturbation with respect to energy. For a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS), the corresponding FDT is shown to involve in the correlation function a variable that is conjugate with respect to entropy. By splitting up entropy production into one of the system and one of the medium, it is shown that for systems with a genuine equilibrium state the FDT of the NESS differs from its equilibrium form by an additive term involving total entropy production. A related variant of the FDT not requiring explicit knowledge of the stationary state is particularly useful for coupled Langevin systems. The a priori surprising freedom apparently involved in different forms of the FDT in a NESS is clarified. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010
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