Article
Neurosciences
Paolo Scalmani, Rosina Paterra, Massimo Mantegazza, Massimo Avoli, Marco de Curtis
Summary: Single-unit recordings in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and models of temporal lobe seizures showed that interneurons are active during focal seizure onset. This study performed simultaneous patch-clamp and field potential recordings in entorhinal cortex slices of mice to analyze the activity of specific interneuron (IN) subpopulations during acute seizure-like events (SLEs) induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). The results revealed that entorhinal cortex INs are highly active at the onset and during the progression of 4-AP-induced SLEs.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Soumil Dey, Vivek Dubey, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Manjari Tripathi, Poodipedi Sarat Chandra, Jyotirmoy Banerjee
Summary: This study investigated alterations in tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites and their differential regulation of glutamatergic activity in different brain regions of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy. The findings suggest that TKP metabolites may play a role in modulating glutamatergic activity in a region-specific manner in TLE.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mariangela Chisari, Michele Barraco, Claudio Bucolo, Lucia Ciranna, Maria Angela Sortino
Summary: Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, play a crucial role in neuroinflammation and CNS homeostasis. This study investigated the involvement of two receptor subtypes, purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptor and metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor, in microglial function. The results showed that these receptors are functionally expressed in microglia and their activation affects ion flux and nitric oxide synthesis. The study suggests an important crosstalk between ATP and glutamate in inflammation and provides potential pharmacological targets for modulating neuroinflammation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maxime Levesque, Siyan Wang, Guillaume Etter, Sylvain Williams, Massimo Avoli
Summary: Bilateral activation of PV interneurons in the hippocampus promotes seizures and high-frequency oscillations in a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kouya Uchino, Hiroyuki Kawano, Yasuyoshi Tanaka, Yuna Adaniya, Ai Asahara, Masanobu Deshimaru, Kaori Kubota, Takuya Watanabe, Shutaro Katsurabayashi, Katsunori Iwasaki, Shinichi Hirose
Summary: Patients with Dravet syndrome exhibit abnormalities in inhibitory neurotransmission, which may exacerbate epileptic symptoms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Maxime Levesque, Siyan Wang, Guillaume Etter, Sylvain Williams, Massimo Avoli
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that the medial septum can control seizures in focal epileptic disorders. In this study, continuous optogenetic activation of inhibitory parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the medial septum was found to reduce the occurrence of spontaneous seizures in a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The anti-ictogenic effects persisted even after the end of optogenetic stimulation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna A. Kovalenko, Maria V. Zakharova, Alexander P. Schwarz, Alexandra V. Dyomina, Olga E. Zubareva, Aleksey V. Zaitsev
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in gene expression of mGluR subtypes in different brain regions during the latent and chronic phases of a lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy. The results showed region- and phase-specific changes in expression, with increased mGluR5 mRNA levels and decreased expression of group III genes during the latent phase. Most of the changes in expression detected in the latent stage were absent in the chronic stage, except for reduced mGluR8 mRNA production in the hippocampus. The study suggested that agonists of group III mGluRs are the most promising targets for preventing epilepsy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
M. Crespo, D. A. Leon-Navarro, M. Martin
Summary: Febrile seizures in children can lead to epilepsy in adults, with glutamate playing a key role in the development of neurological disorders. In the short term after seizures, GLT-1 levels increase and glutamate concentration decreases, while mGlu(5)R levels remain unchanged. However, in the long term, an increase in mGlu(5)R levels and decreases in GLT-1 and glutamate levels are observed, associated with the development of an anxious phenotype and potentially increased vulnerability to epileptic events in adults.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Fatemeh Farahani, Hossein Azizi, Mahyar Janahmadi, Vincent Seutin, Saeed Semnanian
Summary: The study found that inflammatory pain induced hyperexcitability in locus coeruleus neurons after 24 hours, potentially leading to changes in noradrenaline release and pain processing.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Deborah J. Luessen, Isabel M. Gallinger, Anthony S. Ferranti, Daniel J. Foster, Bruce J. Melancon, Craig W. Lindsley, Colleen M. Niswender, P. Jeffrey Conn
Summary: Extensive evidence supports the hypothesis that deficits in inhibitory GABA transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) may drive pathophysiological changes underlying symptoms of schizophrenia. Recent studies have found that activation of mGlu(1) receptors can restore inhibitory transmission in the PFC. Moreover, mGlu(1) PAMs can reverse physiological effects and behavioral deficits induced by MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist commonly used to model cortical deficits observed in schizophrenia patients.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nico A. Jansen, Carlos Perez, Maarten Schenke, Anouk W. van Beurden, Anisa Dehghani, Rob A. Voskuyl, Roland D. Thijs, Ghanim Ullah, Arn M. J. M. van den Maagdenberg, Else A. Tolner
Summary: The study found that cortical theta-gamma coupling was reduced in both male and female juvenile DS mice, and persisted only if spontaneous seizures occurred. The coupling was partly restored by cannabidiol (CBD). Locally disrupting Na(V)1.1 expression also yielded early attenuation of coupling.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ran Yu, Peng Li
Summary: HCQ and other quinoline derivatives can inhibit hERG potassium channels, leading to QT prolongation and potential cardiac arrhythmias. Molecular docking and patch clamp experiments showed that the binding energies varied based on molecular polarity, suggesting a need for caution in the development and use of quinoline compounds.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Facundo Chrestia, Ariana Bruzzone, Maria del Carmen Esandi, Cecilia Bouzat
Summary: The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor plays a role in neurological, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders, serving as both a ligand-gated cationic channel and a metabotropic receptor. Phosphorylation modulates alpha 7 channel activity and cellular response, impacting alpha 7 cholinergic signaling broadly.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jerome Montnach, Maxime Lorenzini, Adrien Lesage, Isabelle Simon, Sebastien Nicolas, Eleonore Moreau, Celine Marionneau, Isabelle Baro, Michel De Waard, Gildas Loussouarn
Summary: The whole-cell voltage-clamp technique requires consideration of the impact of current amplitude on data accuracy, especially in high throughput patch-clamp applications to prevent inaccuracies. Mathematical kinetic models can predict how large current amplitudes and series resistance artifacts affect voltage-dependent activation and inactivation processes, providing simple guidelines for practice.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Falko Lange, Julia Hoernschemeyer, Timo Kirschstein
Summary: The progression of glioblastomas and tumor-associated epilepsy is closely linked through various pathophysiological mechanisms involving the neurotransmitter glutamate. Current research focuses on the role of glutamate receptors in these diseases and discusses future interventions to interfere with the glutamatergic network.