Review
Neurosciences
Jesse D. Cushman, Michael R. Drew, Franklin B. Krasne
Summary: The primary function of juvenile and adult hippocampal neurogenesis appears to be allowing behavioral experience to shape connectivity in the dentate gyrus and optimize hippocampal circuits for future learning. This environmental sculpting reduces overlap among memory representations, provides more information, and allows for more memories to be stored accurately. The decline of neurogenesis prior to adulthood may be explained by this prospective function of sculpting hippocampal circuits.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Shonali Dhingra, Federico Calegari
Summary: This article reviews a wealth of research in cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies on the mammalian hippocampus, aiming to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Despite accumulating knowledge on how the hippocampus processes and stores information for learning and memory, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains incomplete. The article discusses the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and proposes a model that suggests differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades may contribute to subtly different cognitive functions.
Article
Neurosciences
Matina Tsampoula, Isaak Tarampoulous, Ivi Antoniadou, Yassemi Koutmani, Dimitrios Gkikas, Kostas Vekrellis, Panagiotis K. Politis
Summary: NR5A2 is differentially expressed in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus, with higher levels in neurons compared to adult neural stem/progenitor cells. Overexpression of NR5A2 induces the expression of Prox1 and promotes neuronal differentiation and axon outgrowth. Depletion of NR5A2 results in reduced number of neurons, highlighting its regulatory role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bolanle Fatimat Olabiyi, Catherine Fleitas, Bahira Zammou, Isidro Ferrer, Claire Rampon, Joaquim Egea, Carme Espinet
Summary: Recent research has shown that adult neurogenesis is crucial for cognitive functions, particularly in memory enhancement. However, disruptions in adult neurogenesis, as seen in Alzheimer's disease, can impair spatial memory. By targeting pro-NGF signaling, memory deficits in an AD mouse model were restored, indicating a potential therapeutic target for AD involving adult neurogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Luka Culig, Xixia Chu, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Summary: Adult neurogenesis is a potential target for extending cognitive healthspan, as aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the role of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses the molecular mechanisms involving key proteins. Interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate aging research targets are summarized, and the outlook for restoring neurogenesis levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration is shared.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuyuki Fujii, Jun Sakata, Fumitaka Sato, Kurumi Onishi, Yuki Yamato, Kazuki Sakata, Shu Taira, Hiroki Sato, Naomi Osakabe
Summary: Recent studies suggest that consumption of polyphenol-rich plant foods may reduce the risk of cognitive decline. A short-term administration of A2 may enhance spatial memory by promoting neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mice.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy J. Schoenfeld, Chance Swanson
Summary: Physical exercise has wide-ranging benefits to cognitive functioning and mental state, with effects resembling enhancements to hippocampal functioning. Beta-endorphins released during exercise are a potential candidate for moderating increases in neurogenesis and related behavioral benefits. Further exploration of beta-endorphin as a key mediator of hippocampal neurogenesis could provide insights into how exercise promotes adult neurogenesis and overall brain health.
Article
Biology
Celine Serrano, Morgane Dos Santos, Dimitri Kereselidze, Louison Beugnies, Philippe Lestaevel, Roseline Poirier, Christelle Durand
Summary: This study compared the effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on spatial memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. The results suggest that targeted DDG exposure at a specific dose may impair spatial memory and alter adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The study also highlights the complexity of the brain's response to radiation, which depends on the dose and the irradiated brain volume.
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah E. Latchney, Brayan R. Ruiz Lopez, Paige D. Womble, Katherine J. Blandin, Joaquin N. Lugo
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of how conditional deletion of Pten regulates the genesis of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. The results demonstrate that Pten deletion leads to successive increases in cell proliferation and immaturity, with the increase spreading to non-neurogenic areas as mice age. The study also reveals region-specific increases in apoptotic cells that parallel the increases in proliferating cells.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Gaifen Li, Jia Liu, Yuying Guan, Xunming Ji
Summary: Hypoxia plays a crucial role in regulating various cell functions, including stem cells and neural stem cells. Hypoxia stimulation in specific brain regions can promote proliferation, migration, and maturation of neural stem cells, potentially offering a promising strategy for treating central nervous system diseases.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jinxuan Cheng, Federico Scala, Francisco A. Blanco, Sanyong Niu, Karen Firozi, Laura Keehan, Shalaka Mulherkar, Emmanouil Froudarakis, Lingyong Li, Joseph G. Duman, Xiaolong Jiang, Kimberley F. Tolias
Summary: Tiam1 is identified as a crucial regulator of DG development and memory processes, with its loss leading to instability in the dendrites and synapses of DG granule cells, affecting learning and memory abilities.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sara Bottes, Baptiste N. Jaeger, Gregor-Alexander Pilz, David J. Jorg, John Darby Cole, Merit Kruse, Lachlan Harris, Vladislav Korobeynyk, Izaskun Mallona, Fritjof Helmchen, Francois Guillemot, Benjamin D. Simons, Sebastian Jessberger
Summary: Researchers identified long-term self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse hippocampus using intravital imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing. They found that Gli1-targeted NSCs exhibit long-term self-renewal, while Ascl1-targeted NSCs have limited proliferative activity before exhaustion. The study revealed the existence of heterogeneous NSC populations with diverse behavioral properties in contributing to neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Andres Benitez-Rosendo, Patricia Lagos, Karina Cal, Laura Colman, Carlos Escande, Aldo Calliari
Summary: DBC1 plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, cell cycle progression, and cancer cell regulation. This study reveals the impact of DBC1 on cell cycle and neurogenesis, suggesting its involvement in neuroblast generation and neural differentiation, as well as its association with cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryan N. Sheehy, Luis J. Quintanilla, Juan Song
Summary: The adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation generates new adult-born neurons from resident adult neural stem and progenitor cells (aNSPCs) through epigenetic regulation. The niche also utilizes epigenetic mechanisms in mature neurons and glial cells to direct the behavior of the aNSPCs.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sarah Houben, Megane Homa, Zehra Yilmaz, Karelle Leroy, Jean-Pierre Brion, Kunie Ando
Summary: AHN plays a critical role in sustaining hippocampal functions such as learning and memory, and impaired AHN in AD patients may contribute to cognitive deficits. NFTs and amyloid plaques are key neuropathological hallmarks of AD, with abnormal tau protein accumulation impacting AHN. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between tau pathology and AHN.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
