Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Juan F. Vesga, Christian Lienhardt, Placide Nsengiyumva, Jonathon R. Campbell, Olivia Oxlade, Saskia den Boon, Dennis Falzon, Kevin Schwartzman, Gavin Churchyard, Nimalan Arinaminpathy
Summary: This study analyzed the five most important regimen properties influencing the epidemiological impact of preventive tuberculosis treatment regimens, finding that efficacy is the most important predictor, with ease-of-adherence playing a significant secondary role. These results are consistent across different country settings and provide guidance for the further development of future treatment regimens.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nicky McCreesh, Aaron S. Karat, Kathy Baisley, Karin Diaconu, Fiammetta Bozzani, Indira Govender, Peter Beckwith, Tom A. Yates, Arminder K. Deol, Rein M. G. J. Houben, Karina Kielmann, Richard G. White, Alison D. Grant
Summary: The study found that a range of interventions, including outdoor waiting areas, UVGI systems, appointment systems, opening windows and doors, masks, clinic retrofits, and increased coverage of antiretroviral therapy prescriptions, were effective in reducing Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission rates. Traditional IPC measures and non-traditional measures such as appointment systems were equally effective in reducing transmission rates.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jun-Jie Mao, Xiao Zang, Wan-Lu Yue, Pei-Yao Zhai, Qiong Zhang, Chun-Hu Li, Xun Zhuang, Min Liu, Gang Qin
Summary: Given the ageing epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) in China, the first clinically approved next-generation TB vaccine Vaccae, proved to be effective in preventing reactivation from latent infection. This study evaluated the health and economic impacts of introducing Vaccae vaccination to inform policy-makers. The results showed that targeted vaccination among older adults could modestly reduce TB burden, preventing millions of TB cases and deaths over a 20-year period, at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$4387 per disability adjusted life year averted.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Md Abdul Kuddus, Michael T. Meehan, Md. Abu Sayem, Emma S. McBryde
Summary: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Bangladesh, and mathematical modeling is considered an effective way to understand infection dynamics. Research found that enhanced case detection in single intervention strategies is most effective in reducing the burden of DS and MDR-TB, while combining additional interventions simultaneously leads to greater effectiveness in reducing the burden of MDR-TB.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nabila Shaikh, Puck T. Pelzer, Sanne M. Thysen, Partho Roy, Rebecca C. Harris, Richard G. White
Summary: The COVID-19 disruptions resulted in a 25% reduction in global BCG coverage and could lead to additional paediatric TB deaths if catch-up vaccinations are not implemented. Catch-up vaccination is crucial in minimizing excess paediatric TB mortality.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sita Yerramsetti, Ted Cohen, Rifat Atun, Nicolas A. Menzies
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the incidence and underreporting of pediatric tuberculosis globally and highlighted the current substantial underreporting. The results showed that there is a low case detection and reporting ratio for pediatric tuberculosis cases in many countries, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. It emphasizes the need for improved diagnosis and care for children with tuberculosis, strengthened reporting systems, and further research to develop accurate and user-friendly diagnostic tools for pediatric tuberculosis in high-burden settings.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca A. Clark, Chathika K. Weerasuriya, Allison Portnoy, Christinah Mukandavire, Matthew Quaife, Roel Bakker, Danny Scarponi, Rebecca C. Harris, Kirankumar Rade, Sanjay Kumar Mattoo, Dheeraj Tumu, Nicolas A. Menzies, Richard G. White
Summary: The potential health and economic impact of M72/AS01(E) and BCG-revaccination in India were evaluated. The results showed that M72/AS01(E) vaccine could prevent more tuberculosis cases and deaths compared to BCG-revaccination, and almost all scenarios were cost-effective. However, there is uncertainty regarding the vaccine characteristics that requires further investment.
Article
Mathematics
Anastasia I. Lavrova, Dilyara S. Esmedljaeva, Eugene B. Postnikov
Summary: This work addresses a model describing lung damage caused by tuberculosis, taking into account key metabolic pathways controlled by bacteria. The researchers explored the characteristics of the mathematical model by simulating the interaction between biomarkers and the pathogen and compared the model dynamics with real clinical data.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nicky McCreesh, Aaron S. Karat, Indira Govender, Kathy Baisley, Karin Diaconu, Tom A. Yates, Rein Mgj Houben, Karina Kielmann, Alison D. Grant, Richard White
Summary: Based on data from South Africa, this study shows that tuberculosis transmission in clinics has a significant impact on the community burden of the disease, particularly among HIV-positive individuals. Implementing infection prevention and control interventions could lead to moderate reductions in disease burden.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Guy B. Marks, Thu Anh Nguyen, Greg J. Fox, Son Van Nguyen
Summary: Investigators in Vietnam found that a community-wide case-finding program reduced the incidence of new tuberculosis cases over a 4-year period.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
C. Robert Horsburgh, Youngji Jo, Brooke Nichols, Helen E. Jenkins, Colin A. Russell, Laura F. White
Summary: Background modeling studies have found that most tuberculosis infections result from reinfection. The annual rate of infection (ARI) may not accurately reflect the risk of infection among previously infected individuals. Using a simulation model, we found that ARI underestimates the true risk of infection, especially in populations with heterogeneous risk. These findings suggest that the true force of tuberculosis infection in a community may be greater than previously appreciated.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter J. Dodd, Debebe Shaweno, Chu-Chang Ku, Philippe Glaziou, Carel Pretorius, Richard J. Hayes, Peter MacPherson, Ted Cohen, Helen Ayles
Summary: Accurately estimating the burden of tuberculosis in high HIV prevalence areas is challenging. The authors developed a new age-structured TB transmission model that incorporates evolving demographic, HIV and antiretroviral therapy effects. By including Bayesian methods and accounting for uncertainty, they estimated age-specific annual risks of TB infection and the proportion resulting from recent infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Y. Krishnamoorthy, R. Nagarajan, S. Rajaa, M. G. Majella, S. Murali, V Jayaseelan
Summary: This study aimed to assess the progress of South East Asian Region (SEAR) countries in achieving the WHO interim targets for reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality by 2025. Based on the current trend, it is unlikely for most countries to reach the recommended targets.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Danny Scarponi, Rebecca A. Clark, Chathika Krishan Weerasuriya, Jon Emery, Rein M. G. J. Houben, Richard White, Nicky McCreesh
Summary: Recent research suggests that self-clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may be common, which could impact the potential impact of new tuberculosis vaccines. This study found that the inclusion of self-clearance in mathematical models increased the estimated relative reduction in incidence for vaccines effective only in uninfected individuals, but had variable effects on vaccines effective only in infected individuals. The inclusion of self-clearance had minimal impact on vaccines that work regardless of infection status.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chathika K. Weerasuriya, Rebecca C. Harris, C. Finn McQuaid, Fiammetta Bozzani, Yunzhou Ruan, Renzhong Li, Tao Li, Kirankumar Rade, Raghuram Rao, Ann M. Ginsberg, Gabriela B. Gomez, Richard G. White
Summary: The study found that novel TB vaccines could greatly reduce the burden of RR/MDR-TB in the future, while also averting the need for second-line therapy. The cost-effectiveness of vaccination may vary depending on the characteristics of the vaccine and the setting.
Review
Respiratory System
Omri A. Arbiv, JeongMin M. Kim, Marie Yan, Kamila Romanowski, Jonathon R. Campbell, Anete Trajman, Leyla Asadi, Federica Fregonese, Nicholas Winters, Dick Menzies, James C. Johnston
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing high-dose rifamycin (HDR) regimens to standard-dose rifamycin (SDR) regimens in the treatment of tuberculosis. The results showed no significant difference in severe adverse events, death rate, 2-month culture conversion, and relapse between the two regimens. Further studies are needed to identify specific groups that may benefit from HDR.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sanjay Basu, Thomas Hone, Daniel Villela, Valeria Saraceni, Anete Trajman, Betina Durovni, Christopher Millett, Davide Rasella
Summary: The study found that expanding primary care coverage can reduce mortality inequalities between cities, welfare recipients and non-recipients, and racial/ethnic groups. However, even with a 40 percentage point increase in coverage, it would still be insufficient to reach the SDG targets.
Review
Microbiology
Anca Vasiliu, Nicole Salazar-Austin, Anete Trajman, Trisasi Lestari, Godwin Mtetwa, Maryline Bonnet, Martina Casenghi
Summary: The 2021 Global TB report highlights the slow progress in detecting pediatric TB and improving preventive treatment among child contacts. This review emphasizes the importance of contact case management in low-resource settings, particularly for child contacts. Evidence suggests that community-based and patient-centered approaches can help bridge the implementation gaps. Additionally, providing child-friendly TB preventive treatment regimens offers an important opportunity for improvement.
Article
Immunology
Jonathon R. Campbell, Edward D. Chan, Dennis Falzon, Anete Trajman, Salmaan Keshavjee, Chi C. Leung, Ann C. Miller, Ignacio Monedero-Recuero, Denise S. Rodrigues, Haesook Seo, Parvaneh Baghaei, Zarir Udwadia, Piret Viiklepp, Mayara Bastos, Dick Menzies
Summary: Underweight individuals at the start of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment have a significantly higher risk of unfavorable outcomes, including mortality, compared to individuals who are not underweight. This association holds true regardless of HIV status.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joao Roberto Cavalcante, Raquel Proenca, Ignacio Cano, Anete Trajman, Eduardo Faerstein
Summary: This study analyzed the sociodemographic profile and self-reported health conditions of asylum-seekers in Rio de Janeiro. The results showed that most asylum-seekers were adults with higher education and migrated using air transport. They had primary care-sensitive health conditions that could be treated through access to public primary health care services.
REVISTA DE SAUDE PUBLICA
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anete Trajman, Sophie Lachapelle-Chisholm, Theodora Zikos, Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Andrea Benedetti
Summary: This study aims to summarize and evaluate the efficacy and real-world effectiveness of all SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently approved for full or limited use in preventing all-cause and COVID-19-attributed mortality. The study will include randomized controlled trials, comparative cohort and case-control studies, and will use various methods to assess study quality and statistical heterogeneity.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
I. Felker, A. Trajman
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Anete Trajman, Thierno Diallo, Dick Menzies
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Susan Martins Pereira, Florisneide Rodrigues Barreto, Ramon Andrade de Souza, Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles Santos, Marcos Pereira, Enny Santos da Paixao, Carla Cristina Oliveira de Jesus Lima, Marcio Santos da Natividade, Ana Angelica Bulcao Portela Lindoso, Eder Gatti Fernandes, Evonio Barros Campelo Campelo Junior, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Kaio Vinicius Freitas de Andrade, Fernanda Mattos de Souza, Elisangela Alves de Britto, Ceuci Nunes, Maria Yuri Ichihara, Margareth Dalcolmo, Anete Trajman, Manoel Barral-Netto, Ibrahim Abubakar, Mauricio Lima Barreto, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Laura Cunha Rodrigues
Summary: This study investigated the association between previous BCG vaccination and the severity of COVID-19 clinical progression. The results showed that BCG vaccination was highly protective against clinical progression of COVID-19, especially in individuals aged 60 or younger.
Review
Infectious Diseases
C. Geric, Z. Z. Qin, C. M. Denkinger, S. V. Kik, B. Marais, A. Anjos, P-M. David, F. Ahmad Khan, A. Trajman
Summary: The article provides an overview of the latest evidence on computer-aided detection (CAD) software for TB detection in chest radiographs. CAD is a useful tool for rapid and consistent interpretation of chest radiographs for TB detection, with high sensitivity and accuracy comparable to human readers. However, there are implementation challenges including diagnostic heterogeneity, lack of resources for threshold selection, and difficulties in standardization due to frequent updates of CAD versions. Validation for TB diagnosis in children and accuracy in identifying non-TB abnormalities are yet to be evaluated. Economic and political issues also need to be addressed for regulation and to avoid health inequities. Overall, CAD-based CXR analysis shows promise but needs to address these issues to meet the needs of high-burden settings and vulnerable populations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
J. P. Cola, T. Nascimento do Prado, K. B. A. Alves, J. R. Lapa e Silva, A. Trajman, J. E. Golub, R. E. Chaisson, E. L. N. Maciel
Summary: The study analyzed the factors associated with non-completion of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) in Brazil. It found that individuals aged 15-60 years, using isoniazid, and belonging to the Black/mixed race were more likely to not complete the preventive therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Thomas Hone, Jasper Been, Valeria Saraceni, Claudia Medina Coeli, Anete Trajman, Davide Rasella, Betina Durovni, Christopher Millett
Summary: This study examines the impact of maternal utilization of family health strategy (FHS) services on infant health outcomes. The findings suggest that FHS usage by low-income mothers before or in the first two trimesters is associated with a significant reduction in neonatal and infant mortality, as well as increased antenatal care consultations and a lower risk of low birth weight and preterm birth.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Iane Coutinho, Layana Costa Alves, Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Anete Trajman
Summary: The study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) in Brazil and found a significant decrease in TPT prescriptions in 2021. However, treatment adherence remained constant, indicating the need to expand access to TPT.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Thomas Hone, James Macinko, Anete Trajman, Raffaele Palladino, Claudia Medina Coeli, Valeria Saraceni, Davide Rasella, Betina Durovni, Christopher Millett
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of the phased roll-out of the family health strategy (FHS) on emergency hospital admissions and readmissions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The findings suggest that investment in primary care can significantly reduce the risk of emergency admissions and readmissions, particularly among older individuals, those with lower education levels, unemployed individuals, and those with higher incomes.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mayara Lisboa Bastos, Olivia Oxlade, Jonathon R. Campbell, Eduardo Faerstein, Dick Menzies, Anete Trajman
Summary: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness and budget-impact of scaling-up an enhanced household contacts management for tuberculosis in Brazil. Different strategies for the investigation and treatment of tuberculosis infection among household contacts were compared in terms of effectiveness and cost. The findings suggest that enhancing detection and treatment of tuberculosis among household contacts can be achieved at a reasonable cost nationally in Brazil.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2022)
