Review
Immunology
Emmanuelle Rochette, Oussama Saidi, Etienne Merlin, Pascale Duche
Summary: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common rheumatic disease in young people. The physical activity of children and adolescents with JIA is lower than their healthy counterparts, which may be due to joint pain and decreased physical capacities. Increased physical activity and exercise have shown potential benefits in improving various health outcomes in JIA. However, more research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for physical activity and exercise prescription in this population.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pierre Millard, Julien Perochon, Fabien Letisse
Summary: The study provides a comprehensive picture of 6-deoxyhexose sugar metabolism in E. coli under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, revealing that 1,2-propanediol is a major by-product under both conditions. This metabolic trait is shared by both E. coli strains studied, a laboratory strain and a probiotic strain, contributing to our understanding of E. coli's metabolism in its natural environment.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ke-Yu Zeng, Wu-Yong-Ga Bao, Yun-Han Wang, Min Liao, Jie Yang, Jia-Yan Huang, Qiang Lu
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of diffuse hepatic diseases worldwide. Accumulation of liver fat can trigger and accelerate hepatic fibrosis, leading to disease progression. In addition, NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, early detection and quantified measurement of hepatic fat content are crucial.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Christian Aurup, Antonios N. Pouliopoulos, Nancy Kwon, Maria F. Murillo, Elisa E. Konofagou
Summary: This study explores a fully non-invasive combined technique using focused ultrasound and functional ultrasound imaging for optogenetics in mice. It successfully delivers viral vectors encoding light-sensitive ion channels and detects stimulus-evoked cerebral blood volume changes. It can serve as a valuable tool for neuroscience research in small animals.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Daniel A. Keir, Danilo Iannetta, Felipe Mattioni Maturana, John M. Kowalchuk, Juan M. Murias
Summary: This article highlights the importance of non-invasive identification of lactate threshold and respiratory compensation point during incremental exercise through pulmonary gas exchange and ventilatory variables. It also provides practical strategies for explaining the physiological mechanisms, identifying thresholds, and addressing related issues, as well as an online tool for practice and data analysis.
Article
Neurosciences
Keying Zhang, Yih-Kuen Jan, Yu Liu, Tao Zhao, Lingtao Zhang, Ruidong Liu, Jianxiu Liu, Chunmei Cao
Summary: This study investigated the differences in morphometry and functional plasticity of the brain after long-term training of different intensities. Results showed that different intensity sports resulted in different gray matter volume in specific brain regions. The findings also revealed differences in brain activity in response to different intensities, suggesting the presence of neural mechanisms that can classify athletes based on the intensity of their sports.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mariam Dianat, Ute Muenchberg, Lars M. Blank, Erik Freier, Birgitta E. Ebert
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate the detection and monitoring of triterpenoids in living yeast cells using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscopy techniques. This method provides new insights into the dynamics of triterpenoid production and storage inside cells, which is crucial for rationalizing microbial engineering.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Elisabetta Salvioni, Massimo Mapelli, Alice Bonomi, Damiano Magri, Massimo Piepoli, Maria Frigerio, Stefania Paolillo, Ugo Corra, Rosa Raimondo, Rocco Lagioia, Roberto Badagliacca, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Michele Senni, Michele Correale, Mariantonietta Cicoira, Enrico Perna, Marco Metra, Marco Guazzi, Giuseppe Limongelli, Gianfranco Sinagra, Gianfranco Parati, Gaia Cattadori, Francesco Bandera, Maurizio Bussotti, Federica Re, Carlo Vignati, Carlo Lombardi, Angela B. Scardovi, Susanna Sciomer, Andrea Passantino, Michele Emdin, Claudio Passino, Caterina Santolamazza, Davide Girola, Denise Zaffalon, Fabiana De Martino, Piergiuseppe Agostoni
Summary: In patients with HF, reporting AT based on (V˙O2AT%peak_pred) is the best way to predict prognosis, with prognostic power comparable to peak (V˙O2), especially in patients with severe HF.
Review
Cell Biology
Alberto Benussi, Giorgi Batsikadze, Carina Franca, Rubens G. Cury, Roderick P. P. W. M. Maas
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the clinical and neurophysiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and dentate nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with hereditary ataxias, as well as the underlying mechanisms at the cellular and network level and future research perspectives.
Article
Biology
Elisa Thoral, Elie Farhat, Damien Roussel, Hang Cheng, Ludovic Guillard, Matthew E. Pamenter, Jean-Michel Weber, Loic Teulier
Summary: In goldfish, chronic exposure to constant hypoxia leads to metabolic suppression, increased anaerobic capacity, and improved swimming performance, with no changes at the mitochondrial level. On the other hand, swimming performance enhancement is reduced in intermittent hypoxia, with decreased aerobic scope despite an increase in oxidative metabolism.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Matteo Errigo, Christopher Windows-Yule, Massimiliano Materazzi, Dominik Werner, Paola Lettieri
Summary: Gas-solid fluidized-bed systems have advantages in terms of chemical reaction efficiency and temperature control, making them widely used in industrial applications. However, the design, scale-up, and optimization of these complex units are limited by the lack of deep physical understanding. Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques provide a way for researchers to study these systems without affecting the flow field or directly contacting the medium under study.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Juan Moyano, Elena Cabrera-Revuelta, Juan E. Nieto-Julian, Maria Fernandez-Alconchel, Pedro Fernandez-Valderrama
Summary: Reverse engineering and digital twins have advantages in documenting, cataloging, and maintenance tracking in the cultural heritage field. Low-cost 3D sensors, such as structured-light scanners, can capture high-resolution 3D datasets of objects at a low cost. This research compares the accuracy of two structured-light scanners with a photogrammetric technique and evaluates the 3D model precision in a BIM environment. The results show similar accuracies in the submillimeter range.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
David R. Dolbow, Ashraf S. Gorgey, Tommy W. Sutor, Vanesa Bochkezanian, Kristin Musselman
Summary: This review summarizes the latest evidence on the invasive and non-invasive uses of electrical stimulation therapies for spinal cord injury patients, focusing on neuromuscular and functional electrical stimulation activities. The review also discusses recommendations for optimizing stimulation parameters and the use of stimulation to enhance daily living activities such as reaching, grasping, standing, and walking.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Ashish B. B. George, Tong Wang, Sergei Maslov
Summary: The dynamics of microbial communities are influenced by competition for resources and cross-feeding. A new model incorporating energetic and thermodynamic constraints reveals that microbial growth can be limited not only by depletion of resources but also by accumulation of byproducts. This model explains the convergence in community structure and function, providing a possible explanation for functional convergence in microbial communities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pavithra Viswanath, Georgios Batsios, Joydeep Mukherjee, Anne Marie Gillespie, Peder E. Z. Larson, H. Artee Luchman, Joanna J. Phillips, Joseph F. Costello, Russell O. Pieper, Sabrina M. Ronen
Summary: Telomerase expression and the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway are correlated with metabolic signatures detectable by metabolic imaging in primary brain tumors, suggesting they can be used to non-invasively monitor telomere maintenance in brain tumors. The authors have identified metabolic biomarkers of TERT and ALT status that can improve tumor diagnosis and treatment response monitoring.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Luca Ferrari, Alessandro L. Colosio, Massimo Teso, Silvia Pogliaghi
Summary: Gender has a significant impact on the performance and anthropometric characteristics of classic powerlifters. Stronger male athletes have larger neck, upper-arm, and thigh girths, while stronger female athletes have larger upper-arm and chest girths compared to weaker athletes. Experience, fat mass, and muscle mass indexes can accurately predict overall and individual lift performance.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Y. B. Somani, R. N. Soares, J. Gosalia, J. M. Delgado, M. Flanagan, S. Basu, D. B. Kim-Shapiro, J. M. Murias, D. N. Proctor
Summary: The onset of menopause and changes to ovarian hormones often lead to endothelial dysfunction in women. A study showed that acute dietary nitrate supplementation can improve endothelial function and reduce the magnitude of endothelial dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in healthy, early postmenopausal women.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rafael A. Azevedo, Delbar Jazayeri, Samuel T. Yeung, Rojan Khoshreza, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan Murias, Saied J. Aboodarda
Summary: Experiencing pain in one leg can decrease exercise tolerance and neuromuscular fatigue development in the contralateral leg. However, the effects of nonlocal experimental pain induced by blood flow occlusion on corticospinal modulation remain unknown. This study found that 25% maximal voluntary contraction (25%IMVC) duration was the shortest during blood flow occlusion, and the decline in maximal voluntary contraction was smaller compared to cycling exercise, indicating that pain reduces exercise performance. Additionally, transcranial magnetic stimulations revealed the modulation of the nervous system in response to pain stimulation.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Danilo Iannetta, Jenny Zhang, Juan M. Murias, Saied Jalal Aboodarda
Summary: This study evaluated the extent of peripheral and central fatigue, and corresponding perceptual attributes, at task failure following cycling within different exercise intensity domains. The findings demonstrate that the extent of peripheral fatigue is highly domain-specific, whereas the extent of central fatigue is not. Sensations such as fatigue, pain, and dyspnea demonstrated intensity domain specificity and might have contributed to reaching maximal levels of perceived effort and, thus, task failure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Austin T. Beever, Andrea Y. Zhuang, Saied Jalal Aboodarda, Juan M. Murias, Martin J. MacInnis
Summary: Hypoxia has a negative impact on aerobic exercise, but exercise testing in hypoxic conditions has not been extensively studied. This research investigated the effects of simulated altitude on gas exchange threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximal oxygen uptake. The findings suggest that mild simulated altitude affects maximal oxygen uptake and peak power output significantly, while gas exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point remain unchanged. Moderate altitude decreases all four variables.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Silvia Pogliaghi, Enrico Tam, Carlo Capelli
Summary: Pre-exercise [PCr], pre-exercise metabolic rate, and intramuscular energetic state may affect the kinetics of muscular oxidative metabolism and tau.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Hilkka Kontro, Craig Bertagnolli, Juan M. Murias, Martin J. MacInnis
Summary: The study found that an elevated COHb concentration intensified physiological responses to exercise at the MLSS and reduced the MLSS in trained individuals. Lower effective [Hb] due to CO inhalation decreased V?O2peak and MLSS performance, with higher aerobic fitness associated with greater impairments.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Silvia Pogliaghi, Massimo Teso, Luca Ferrari, Jan Boone, Juan M. Murias, Alessandro L. Colosio
Summary: This study validated a simple and cost-efficient method that accurately predicts maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) by measuring lactate accumulation at the third minute of cycling. It can be used for evaluation and monitoring of exercise capacity.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisa Calabria, Valentina Muollo, Valentina Cavedon, Teodora Capovin, Leonardo Saccenti, Francesco Passarotti, Laura Ghiotto, Chiara Milanese, Matteo Gelati, Doriana Rudi, Gian Luca Salvagno, Giuseppe Lippi, Enrico Tam, Federico Schena, Silvia Pogliaghi
Summary: The study investigated the mitochondrial function in peripheral mononucleated blood cells (PBMCs) of women with and without type 2 diabetes. The results showed a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiration in PBMCs of diabetic women, as well as associations with blood biomarkers, anthropometric measurements, and physiological parameters. Glycated hemoglobin was negatively associated with mitochondrial activity levels and positively associated with inflammation and dyslipidemia markers.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gianluca Bochicchio, Luca Ferrari, Alberto Bottari, Francesco Lucertini, Alessandra Scarton, Silvia Pogliaghi
Summary: The 5-Sit-to-stand test (5STS) is widely used to estimate lower limb muscle power. An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) could be used to obtain objective, accurate and automatic measures of lower limb muscle power. In a study with 62 older adults, the IMU-based estimates of various variables showed significant but very large to extremely large correlations with the laboratory equipment measurements.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Serena Trang, Felipe Mattioni Maturana, Juan M. Murias, Michael R. Herbert, Daniel A. Keir
Summary: In exercise physiology, laboratory components are crucial for applying theoretical concepts to personal exercise experiences and introducing data collection and analysis. The gas exchange threshold (GET) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP) are key exercise thresholds that require proper identification. However, the processing and preparation of data have been time-consuming and challenging for students. This article presents a blended laboratory model featuring the Exercise Thresholds App, which provides immediate feedback and eliminates the need for data postprocessing, allowing students to practice threshold identification skills.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Pablo R. Fleitas-Paniagua, Mackenzie Trpcic, Danilo Iannetta, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan M. Murias
Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different ramp-incremental (RI) slopes on fatigability and recovery in females and males. The results showed that gender had no significant effect on performance fatigability and recovery, and different RI slopes did not alter the level of performance fatigability at task failure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gianluca Bochicchio, Luca Ferrari, Alberto Bottari, Francesco Lucertini, Valentina Cavedon, Chiara Milanese, Silvia Pogliaghi
Summary: Force-velocity profiling evaluates muscle function through identifying maximum force, velocity, power, and optimal velocity. This study examined the accuracy and feasibility of loaded 5 Sit-to-Stand (5STS) force-velocity profiling compared to the gold standard instruments and assessed the relationship between 5STS-derived muscle function indexes and clinical markers of muscle mass and strength in older adults. The results showed significant differences in some measured parameters between tests, but only force and power were highly correlated. The analysis suggested that loaded 5STS profiling could be a valid and cost- and time-efficient alternative to the gold standard for assessing muscle function in healthy older adults.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Pablo R. Fleitas-Paniagua, Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Mackenzie Trpcic, Juan M. Murias, Bruce Rogers
Summary: Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA a1), an index of heart rate variability (HRV), has been of interest as a surrogate marker for exercise intensity boundaries. This report examined the behavior of heart rate variability thresholds (HRVT) across different ramp incremental slopes. The study found that the cycling ramp slope did not have a significant effect on HRVT1 and HRVT2 in terms of heart rate (HR) or VO2.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alessandro Moura Zagatto, Vithor Hugo Fialho Lopes, Yago Medeiros Dutra, Rodrigo Araujo Bonetti de Poli, Eimear Dolan, Letizia Rasica, Juan M. Murias, Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de Azevedo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on constant load cycling performance and neuromuscular fatigue. The results showed that NaHCO3 ingestion did not affect performance or indicators of neuromuscular fatigue. However, participants performed better when they were informed that they were ingesting an ergogenic supplement, suggesting a placebo effect may contribute to the apparent ergogenic effect of NaHCO3.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
