Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sophie Catanese, Raoul K. Khanna, Antoine Lefevre, Hugo Alarcan, Pierre-Jean Pisella, Patrick Emond, Helene Blasco
Summary: To apply metabo-lipidomics in ophthalmological and systemic diseases, it is necessary to standardize the preanalytical and analytical steps in human tears. This study compared different methods for each step of the workflow and found that methanol/water extraction provided the best results for metabolomics, while Folch extraction was superior for lipidomics. The use of microcapillary glass tube for sampling was superior to Schirmer strip for metabolomics. A volume of 5 mu L provided satisfactory metabo-lipidomic coverage. These findings will contribute to improving the metabo-lipidomic workflow in human tears for the identification of new biomarkers.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cesar Ricardo Teixeira Tarley, Felipe Augusto Gorla, Fernanda Midori de Oliveira, Clesia Cristina Nascentes, Milena do Prado Ferreira, Marcello Ferreira da Costa, Mariana Gava Segatelli
Summary: A solid phase extraction-based (SPE) procedure for simultaneous preconcentration of five tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and determination by HPLC-DAD is proposed. The proposed approach showed satisfactory detectability and reusability, with slightly better performance using poly(MAA-co-EGDMA). The methods were successfully applied to determine TCAs in various water samples.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Johannes B. Mueller-Reif, Fynn M. Hansen, Lisa Schweizer, Peter Treit, Philipp E. Geyer, Matthias Mann
Summary: Reversed-phase HPLC is commonly used in MS-based proteomics for peptide separation, with particle-packed capillary columns being predominantly used in nanoflow HPLC systems. Despite capillary columns being a standard for many years, they are expensive and have short lifetimes, leading many laboratories to produce their own in-house packed columns.
MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fereshteh Shahhoseini, Evan A. Langille, Ali Azizi, Christina S. Bottaro
Summary: The utilization of thin film MIP technology facilitates efficient extraction of TCAs from biological matrices with high linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method demonstrates good performance in monitoring TCA concentration in pooled human plasma samples.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kelly L. Pereira, Martyn W. Ward, John L. Wilkinson, Jonathan Brett Sallach, Daniel J. Bryant, William J. Dixon, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis
Summary: This study presents an automated method for non-targeted compositional analysis of environmental matrices, which has been rigorously tested for reliability and reproducibility using authentic standards. The method detected over 9600 compounds from critical pollutant sources in environmental samples, demonstrating its ability for rapid and comprehensive compound detection.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jian-Fang Xu, Fei Wang, Xing Fan, Turghun Muhammad, Peter N. Kuznetsov, Ya-Ya Ma
Summary: This study investigated the thermal dissolution process of soft coal and hard coal using different organic solvents. By employing off-line prep-HPLC, the soluble fractions were reliably separated and enriched, leading to the identification of heavy aromatic compounds not detected by GC/MS. The differences in composition between the two coals were elucidated, providing theoretical guidance for efficient coal utilization and mine safety.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Vishal Kumar, Ashutosh Bahuguna, Jong Suk Lee, Ankur Sood, Sung Soo Han, Hyang Sook Chun, Myunghee Kim
Summary: Bacillus albus YUN5, isolated from doenjang, showed high degradation capabilities for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1). The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of B. albus YUN5 exhibited the highest degradation efficiency, while negligible degradation was observed in other fractions. Optimal degradation conditions were determined to be 55℃, pH 7-10, and salt concentration of 0-20%. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed the target sites of degradation. The application of B. albus YUN5 in doenjang fermentation showed better reduction of AFB1 and AFG1 compared to without B. albus YUN5.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiao-wei Zhang, Yu-ting Chen, Xue Feng, Lu-ya Li, Ke-wei Song, Yu-peng Sun, Guo-hua Zhang, Lan-tong Zhang
Summary: In this study, the metabolism of celastrol in vivo and in vitro was comprehensively characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 43 metabolites were identified and characterized, and it was found that the biotransformation capacity of the intestinal tract exceeded that of the liver. These findings provide a basis for understanding the pharmacological mechanisms of celastrol and have potential implications for clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Isin T. Sakallioglu, Amith S. Maroli, Aline De Lima Leite, Robert Powers
Summary: This study introduces a rapid reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method for mycobacterial lipidomics analysis, which achieves separation of various lipid classes specific to mycobacterium in a short runtime of 14 minutes. The method demonstrates high sensitivity and faster sample throughput compared to existing methods.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Isabel Meister, Pei Zhang, Anirban Sinha, C. Magnus Skold, Asa M. Wheelock, Takashi Izumi, Romanas Chaleckis, Craig E. Wheelock
Summary: This study developed a method for measuring specific gravity in urine using a refractive index detector (RID) in a 96-well-plate format, providing a new solution for metabolomic research on this noninvasive biofluid. By developing an automated LC-MS workflow and utilizing multiple technical internal standards to monitor data quality, over 540 urinary metabolites were successfully identified.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaowei Zhang, Xinpeng Diao, Luya Li, Yuqian Zhang, Man Liao, Guohua Zhang, Lantong Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the metabolic profile of ginkgolide B using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and identified a total of 53 different metabolites. The biotransformation route of ginkgolide B was determined, providing useful information for further research on its pharmacology and mechanism.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yue Zhang, Yang Li, Xiaoxia Liu, Ying Sun
Summary: This study established a method for detecting 21 target antibiotics in agricultural soil samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, with high extraction and detection efficiency. Validation of the method's selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability provided valuable information on analyzing the degree of antibiotic contamination in agricultural soils.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chang-Seob Seo, Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
Summary: In this study, a protocol for quality control of Daegunjoong-tang (DGJT) based on reverse-phase HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis was developed to separate, verify, and quantify four marker analytes. The developed methods successfully detected the marker analytes in the samples, which will be useful for evaluating the quality of DGJT.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilia Marchei, Maria Alias Ferri, Marta Torrens, Magi Farre, Roberta Pacifici, Simona Pichini, Manuela Pellegrini
Summary: The study utilized high-sensitivity GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS technologies to analyze classic drugs and new psychoactive substances in the urine of heroin addicts under methadone maintenance therapy. Around 80 different psychoactive substances and/or metabolites were identified, with methadone and its metabolites being the most prevalent. This screening for a large number of psychotropic substances could be beneficial in suspected drug-related fatalities or acute intoxications in emergency departments and drug addiction services.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Simin Chen, Man Yuan, Yingling Zhang, Yu Xu, Hongxi Xu
Summary: The aim of this study was to establish a method for the quality control of Fuzhuan brick tea for stable production. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify Fuzhuan brick tea, and the major components were chosen for further quantitative analysis. Subsequently, a quantification method was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, and its reliability was verified through methodological validation. A total of 30 compounds were identified, including catechins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and fatty acids. The established method was reliable for methodological validation and was applied to the quantitative analysis of Fuzhuan brick tea. This study provides a fundamental basis for the quality control and further studies on the component analysis of Fuzhuan brick tea.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stephanie L. Collins, Jacob P. Walsh, Justin B. Renaud, Amy McMillan, Stephen Rulisa, J. David Miller, Gregor Reid, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: The study in Rwanda found high levels of mycotoxin exposure in women of childbearing age, particularly concerning levels of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol. This highlights the urgent need for authorities to manage multiple mycotoxins in the diet to ensure food safety for the population.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Justin B. Renaud, Shawn Hoogstra, Michael A. Quilliam, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: The incorporation of an electrospray compatible retention index (RI) system based on N-alkylpyridinium-3-sulfonates (NAPS) into routine mycotoxin determination improves compound identifications and reduces false positives.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Justin B. Renaud, Jacob P. Walsh, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This study reports a simplified synthetic route for the production of unlabelled and labelled aflatoxin B-1-lysine, as well as aflatoxin G(1)-lysine for the first time. The stability of these compounds during storage is also reported.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Liam P. Brown, Roger Murray, Andrew Scott, Yuan-Ching Tien, Calvin Ho-Fung Lau, Vera Tai, Edward Topp
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of long-term and repeated exposure to macrolide antibiotics on the diversity of soil bacterial community, resistome, and mobilome. At unrealistically high concentrations, macrolide antibiotics altered the overall diversity of resistome and mobilome, enriching for antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements of concern to human health. However, at realistic antibiotic concentrations, no effect on these endpoints was observed, suggesting that current biosolids land management practices are unlikely to pose a risk to human health due to macrolide antibiotic contamination alone.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This translated passage discusses the challenges that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) presents to farmers, producers, and consumers. These challenges include understanding the different toxin profiles of Fusarium graminearum, the need for rapid analytical tests, DON exposure assessments in human populations, and managing contaminated food throughout the supply chain.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Patrick G. Telmer, Megan J. Kelman, Justin B. Renaud, Mark W. Sumarah, Christopher P. Garnham
Summary: This study reported an amine oxidase (AnFAO) from a fumonisin-producing Aspergillus niger strain, which can reduce the concentrations of intact fumonisins in maize and maize products. The researchers found that AnFAO effectively deaminated fumonisins in milled maize flour, whole kernel maize, and dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS). They also engineered the yeast Pichia pastoris to produce functional AnFAO in both secreted and intracellular forms. These results support the further development and application of AnFAO as a promising tool to remediate fumonisin-contaminated maize and maize products.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Justin B. Renaud, Jacob P. Walsh, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: Aflatoxin B-1, a potent human carcinogen produced by certain species of Aspergillus commonly found on nuts and maize, can result in exposure levels in parts of Africa, Latin America and Asia that are multiple times or even orders of magnitude higher than tolerable daily levels. While estimation of human exposure to aflatoxin can be done through analysis of the diet, the determination of serum albumin aflatoxin adduct is the most relevant measure of health-related exposure. The lack of a serum reference material poses limitations on interlaboratory method validation and data comparisons. In this study, a synthetic aflatoxin-serum reference material was developed by covalently coupling AFB(1)-dialdehyde to serum albumin in human serum. The effectiveness of sample digestion methods was evaluated using isotopically labelled internal standards, with the study showing that adequate Pronase use and higher digestion temperature enhanced the overall analysis process. Additionally, the use of dried blood spots and Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) produced equivalent results to serum samples.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rebecca E. V. Anderson, Gabhan Chalmers, Roger Murray, Laura Mataseje, David L. Pearl, Michael Mulvey, Edward Topp, Patrick Boerlin
Summary: The increase in antimicrobial resistance is a major concern for human and animal health, especially when resistance affects extended-spectrum cephalosporins, commonly used to treat serious infections. This study investigated the diversity and distribution of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in dairy manure in Southern Ontario, Canada, and characterized their resistance plasmids. The results highlighted the importance of manure treatment in reducing the levels of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and emphasized the potential dissemination of resistance genes through environmentally applied manure.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Michael Fruci, Munene Kithama, Elijah G. Kiarie, Suqin Shao, Huaizhi Liu, Edward Topp, Moussa S. Diarra
Summary: Black soldier fly larvae meal is a promising alternative protein and antimicrobial source for poultry. This study found that partially replacing soybean meal with up to 25% black soldier fly larvae meal can achieve similar growth performance in broiler chickens.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jessica Subirats, Hannah Sharpe, Domenico Santoro, Edward Topp
Summary: It is generally believed that antibiotics provide producing bacteria with a competitive advantage by inhibiting or killing neighboring microorganisms. However, modeling studies have shown that the concentrations of antibiotics near single producing cells are not high enough to have inhibitory effects, while concentrations around aggregates of cells can reach inhibitory levels.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cameron Littlejohn, Justin B. B. Renaud, Lyne Sabourin, David R. R. Lapen, Jane J. J. Pappas, Bindu Tuteja, Dianne Hughes, Erin Ussery, Ken K. -C. Yeung, Mark W. W. Sumarah
Summary: Metformin, a drug used for Type 2 diabetes, is widely prescribed globally. In surface water and sediment samples collected from mixed-use watersheds in Canada, guanylurea, a transformation product of metformin, was found in high concentrations. The study suggests that wastewater treatment plants and septic system leaks are the main sources of these compounds in the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kimberlynn McDonald, Natasha DesRochers, Justin B. Renaud, Mark W. Sumarah, David R. McMullin
Summary: Cyanobacterial blooms that release biologically active metabolites into the environment are increasing in frequency due to the degradation of freshwater ecosystems. Microcystins, a group of cyanopeptides, are extensively studied and included in water quality risk management frameworks. However, data on the abundance, distribution, and biological activities of non-microcystin cyanopeptides are limited.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jessica Subirats, Hannah Sharpe, Vera Tai, Michael Fruci, Edward Topp
Summary: This study found that polluted environments have a higher relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), especially in environments exposed to petroleum pollution. Chemical pollution, particularly with petroleum, was associated with an increase in the prevalence of ARGs linked to multidrug efflux pumps.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Natasha DesRochers, Justin B. Renaud, Joey B. Tanney, Ashraf Ibrahim, Ken K. -C. Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This study identified many species of endophytic fungi in plants, most of which produce secondary metabolites with diverse structures and biological activities. Through LC-HRMS/MS analysis, 60 known compounds and 7 new compounds were identified. These previously unknown compounds are potential targets for further purification, characterization, and bioactivity testing in future studies.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jacob P. Walsh, Christopher P. Garnham, Ken K-C Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This translated article describes a decrease in crop yields caused by ginseng root rot, and highlights the important role of TAFC in the virulence of the ginseng pathogens. The results demonstrate that enzymatic degradation of TAFC can effectively control ginseng root rot.
ACS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)