Article
Energy & Fuels
Tero Laehde, Barouch Giechaskiel, Giorgio Martini, Keith Howard, Joanne Jones, Sukhy Ubhi
Summary: Lubricant oil plays a role in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of passenger cars. The characteristics of lubricants are found to affect the emission of particles in the < 23 nm size range in CNG-fuelled vehicles. Choosing the right lubricant can lead to fuel savings in these vehicles.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fei Yu, Zhuangmin Zhong, Qun Wang, Songdi Liao, Manni Zhu, Qing'e Sha, Junwen Liu, Junyu Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing vehicle particle number (PN) emissions and suggests measures to reduce particulate emissions. The impact of engine technology, emission standards, engine-start conditions, and engine load on PN emissions were quantified through real driving emission (RDE) and chassis dynamometer tests. The results highlight the importance of optimizing gasoline particle filters (GPF) regeneration conditions and considering vehicle specific power (VSP) as a key variable in quantifying PN emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maryam Zare Shahne, Mohammad Arhami, Vahid Hosseini, Imad El Haddad
Summary: This study focused on the fine particulate matter emitted from road traffic in Tehran, Iran. By collecting samples from various tunnel stations, the researchers were able to determine the source profile and emission factor of PM2.5 for light-duty vehicles in Tehran. Results showed similarity in vehicle fleets source profile with other countries and extracted an emission factor for PM2.5, which can be used for emission inventories improvement and management strategies in Tehran and other countries with similar traffic situations.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianbo Tang, Cavan McCaffery, Tianyi Ma, Peng Hao, Thomas D. Durbin, Kent C. Johnson, Georgios Karavalakis
Summary: This study examined the potential of increasing ethanol content in California reformulated gasoline (CaRFG) by analyzing vehicle emissions. The results indicated that E15 fuel had no significant effect on nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, but showed reductions in total hydrocarbons (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) emissions. The study also found that E15 had life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions savings compared to E10.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mariela Lucia Aguilera Sammaritano, Pablo Marcelo Cometto, Daniel Alfredo Bustos, Eduardo Daniel Wannaz
Summary: The study in San Juan city, Argentina, investigated the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 using Tillandsia capillaris and PM filters as biomonitors, showing a significant positive correlation between atmospheric PM concentration and particles on plant leaves. Principal component analysis revealed three emission sources (soil, vehicular traffic, industry) in the study area.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanwei Zhu, Tianyi Ma, Zisimos Toumasatos, Sam Cao, Georgios Karavalakis, Kent C. Johnson, Thomas Durbin
Summary: This study analyzed the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) from five different goods movement vehicles. The results showed that diesel vehicles with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) had lower NOx emissions, while natural gas vehicles equipped with three-way catalysts (TWCs) had higher NH3 emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xue Chen, Linhui Jiang, Yan Xia, Lu Wang, Jianjie Ye, Tangyan Hou, Yibo Zhang, Mengying Li, Zhen Li, Zhe Song, Jiali Li, Yaping Jiang, Pengfei Li, Xiaoye Zhang, Yang Zhang, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, Shaocai Yu
Summary: Light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) are the majority of vehicle fleets in China and accurate estimates of their air pollutant emissions are crucial. However, the lack of timely updated emission factors hinders this quantification. In this study, a large dataset was constructed to analyze the emission profiles of LDGVs. It was found that the emission factors followed a heavy-tailed distribution and were significantly influenced by traffic congestion. Future traffic scenarios and practical approaches for vehicle emission control were proposed based on these findings.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Katelyn A. Yu, Brian C. McDonald, Robert A. Harley
Summary: Fuel-based NOx emission inventories for California and the US over the period 1990-2020 showed a 70% decline in total on-road NOx emissions, with California leading the reduction by 48% compared to the national decrease. Further efforts have been taken in California to introduce new heavy-duty engines equipped with selective catalytic reduction systems, contributing to the steeper decrease in diesel NOx emissions in the state.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Evangelia Kostenidou, Alvaro Martinez-Valiente, Badr R'Mili, Baptiste Marques, Brice Temime-Roussel, Amandine Durand, Michel Andre, Yao Liu, Cedric Louis, Boris Vansevenant, Daniel Ferry, Carine Laffon, Philippe Parent, Barbara D'Anna
Summary: Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can significantly impact the chemical composition of emitted pollutants, as shown in this study characterizing particles emitted by diesel and gasoline vehicles tested at a chassis dynamometer facility. The investigation revealed the largest fraction of emissions during cold-start cycles, and the identification of over 40 PAHs in exhaust particles using a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer highlighted differences in emission levels between vehicle types.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John S. Evans, Leonora Rojas-Bracho, James K. Hammitt, Douglas W. Dockery
Summary: Retrofitting diesel vehicles in Mexico City with particulate filters and oxidation catalysts can significantly reduce emissions and improve public health, resulting in both economic and health benefits that outweigh the initial costs. This study highlights the importance of considering various interventions to control air pollution and protect public health, and emphasizes the need for further analysis and implementation of these measures.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sahar Ghadimi, Hanwei Zhu, Thomas D. Durbin, David R. Cocker, Georgios Karavalakis
Summary: This study assessed the secondary aerosol formation from both diesel and natural gas heavy-duty vehicles. The results showed that natural gas vehicles emitted higher levels of particulate matter and nonmethane organic gas. In contrast, diesel vehicles with advanced aftertreatment controls had almost negligible secondary organic aerosol formation. Additionally, the lubricating oil in natural gas vehicles may contribute to elevated secondary organic aerosol formation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Gan, Zifeng Lu, Qingru Wu, Xin He, Qiang Dai, Jarod C. Kelly, Sharath K. Ankathi, Michael Wang
Summary: China's promotion of vehicle electrification has led to an increase in mercury emissions. With current technologies, the life-cycle mercury emissions of battery electric vehicles are 92% higher than conventional gasoline vehicles, primarily due to high mercury emissions from coal-based electricity generation. Measures such as decarbonizing the electric grid and implementing mercury-specific emission control can help mitigate this unintended increase in mercury emissions caused by vehicle electrification.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Arun S. K. Raju, Barry R. Wallerstein, Kent C. Johnson
Summary: The study evaluates the NOx and GHG emissions trends of California's South Coast region's Heavy-Duty transportation sector, finding that the rate of deployment of cleaner technology options significantly impacts emissions. It is necessary to deploy low carbon technologies aggressively to achieve 2040 emission targets, and accelerating fleet turnover is an important NOx control strategy.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Xia, Linhui Jiang, Lu Wang, Xue Chen, Jianjie Ye, Tangyan Hou, Liqiang Wang, Yibo Zhang, Mengying Li, Zhen Li, Zhe Song, Yaping Jiang, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, Shaocai Yu
Summary: In-time and accurate assessment of on-road vehicle emissions is crucial for urban air quality and health policymaking. However, the current Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) procedure has limitations. In this study, we built a unique dataset and developed an ensemble model framework using machine learning algorithms to assess vehicle-specific emissions. The model performed well under normal conditions and could provide day-to-day supervision of on-road vehicle emissions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guilherme Martins Pereira, Thiago Nogueira, Leonardo Yoshiaki Kamigauti, Djacinto Monteiro dos Santos, Emerson Queiroz Mota Nascimento, Jose Vinicius Martins, Ana Vicente, Paulo Artaxo, Celia Alves, Perola de Castro Vasconcellos, Maria de Fatima Andrade
Summary: This study characterized the chemical composition of particulate matter from light- and heavy-duty vehicles in the megacity of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The research identified high abundances of certain elements linked with specific vehicle emissions, and calculated diagnostic ratios for assessing fuel type variations. The findings highlighted the impact of biofuels on chemical species ratios and provided possible markers for differentiating emissions from light- and heavy-duty vehicles.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Anirban Roy, Darrell Sonntag, Richard Cook, Catherine Yanca, Charles Schenk, Yunsoo Choi
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Haobing Liu, Darrell Sonntag, David Brzezinski, Carl R. Fulper, David Hawkins, James E. Warila
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Darrell B. Sonntag, Richard W. Baldauf, Catherine A. Yanca, Carl R. Fulper
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2014)
Article
Environmental Studies
Chen Zhang, Karen Ficenec, Andrew Kotz, Kenneth Kelly, Darrell Sonntag, Carl Fulper, Jessica Brakora, Tiffany Mo, Sudheer Ballare
Summary: This study analyzed the start and idle activities of heavy-duty vehicles using two datasets to improve emission estimates. The results show significant uncertainty in the average heavy-duty idle and start activity within the United States.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Claudia Toro, Kristen Foley, Heather Simon, Barron Henderson, Kirk R. Baker, Alison Eyth, Brian Timin, Wyat Appel, Deborah Luecken, Megan Beardsley, Darrell Sonntag, Norm Possiel, Sarah Roberts
Summary: This study compares simulated and observed atmospheric nitrogen oxides and nitric oxide throughout the years 2002-2016, finding an improvement in model performance over time, especially during summer months. Summer NOX performance is most pronounced, with distinct seasonal patterns and the most significant improvements seen in later years and in specific U.S. regions.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2021)
