Article
Environmental Sciences
Xueying Zhang, Lin Liu, Zhengyong Zhang, Ziwei Kang, Hao Tian, Tongxia Wang, Hongjin Chen
Summary: Changes in glacier resources and their meltwater runoff in Xinjiang have significant implications for hydrological processes and water resources utilization. This study utilized Chinese Glacier Inventory, geomorphological, and meteorological data, along with GIS spatial analysis technology, to investigate the characteristics of glacier change and its response to topography and climate change in Xinjiang over the past 50 years. The results reveal that Xinjiang currently has 20,695 glaciers with a total area of 22,742.55 km(2) and ice reserves of approximately 2229.17 km(3). Glaciers in Xinjiang are concentrated at 5100-6000 m, with the Tianshan mountains having the highest number of glaciers and the Kunlun mountains having the largest glaciers and ice reserves. The changes observed in Xinjiang's glaciers during the past 50 years primarily involve recession and splitting, resulting in a decrease in the number, area, and ice reserves of glaciers by 1359, 7080.12 km(2), and 482.65 km(3), respectively. Small glaciers exhibit higher sensitivity to climate change, while glaciers above 6000 m remain relatively stable. Glaciers on the southern slopes of mountains are more susceptible to climate change. The phenomenon of an increase in the number of glaciers but a decrease in total area in the southern mountains can be attributed to glacier extinction and splitting. The development and formation of glaciers are determined by the combination of topography and hydrothermal material conditions, with climatic conditions exerting a more prominent influence on glacier area changes in Xinjiang.
Article
Geography, Physical
Yu Zhang, Yangjian Zhang, Liang Cheng, Nan Cong, Zhoutao Zheng, Ke Huang, Jianshuang Zhang, Yixuan Zhu, Jie Gao, Yihan Sun
Summary: Recently, there has been a high level of attention on whether the drylands of Northwest China have become wetter. This study compares two different methods of calculating the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and finds that the air temperature has been warming in the last five decades, with more arid areas warming at a faster rate. While the annual precipitation of the entire study area has shown insignificant increase, the Northwest region has experienced significant increasing trends. The study highlights the importance of considering temporal periods and regions when analyzing wetting trends.
JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Anne K. Kenworthy
Summary: Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a widely used technique in biophysics for quantifying binding and diffusion kinetics of biomolecules. This article provides a brief history of FRAP, discusses its versatility and popularity, and summarizes the best practices for quantitative FRAP data analysis. It also presents recent examples of biological insights gained through the use of FRAP and explores new directions and opportunities for further development of this research tool.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Juan J. Aristizabal-Henao, Hannah J. Brown, Emily K. Griffin, Richard S. Ostfeld, Kelly Oggenfuss, Brandon M. Parker, Samantha M. Wisely, John A. Bowden
Summary: This study evaluated environmental PFAS levels using ticks as a sentinel model. Analysis of four tick species in two states showed varying concentrations of PFAS, with the lowest levels at Newburgh and the highest at Sweetwater. This underscores the potential for ticks to serve as effective sentinels for monitoring PFAS contamination.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jan Ove Bustnes, Bard-Jorgen Bardsen, Dorte Herzke, Georg Bangjord, Sophie Bourgeon, Clementine Fritsch, Igor Eulaers
Summary: The concentrations of legacy organochlorines and perfluoroalkyl substances in tawny owl eggs in central Norway have shown varying trends over the past few decades. Most legacy OCs and PFOS have not reached a lower threshold with stable background levels, and voluntary elimination of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates has not resulted in declining levels in tawny owls in central Norway.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Luz Maria Alliende, Leticia S. Czepielewski, David Aceituno, Carmen Paz Castaneda, Camila Diaz, Barbara Iruretagoyena, Carlos Mena, Cristian Mena, Juan Pablo Ramirez-Mahaluf, Angeles Tepper, Javiera Vasquez, Lais Fonseca, Viviane Machado, Camilo E. Hernandez, Cristian Vargas-Upegui, Gladys Gomez-Cruz, Luis F. Kobayashi-Romero, Tomas Moncada-Habib, Sara Evans-Lacko, Rodrigo Bressan, Clarissa S. Gama, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama, Juan Undurraga, Ary Gadelha, Nicolas A. Crossley
Summary: The study found that over the past 50 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies and participants from low- and middle-income countries, with significant contributions from China. However, there is still a lack of representation of women, particularly in high-income countries, although there has been a noticeable increase over time. The age distribution of participants has not changed significantly over time.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
F. Landauer, Klemens Trieb
Summary: This paper reviews the treatment of scoliosis over the past 50 years, illustrating a shift from conservative to surgical measures. The analysis of literature and personal experience highlights the evolution of treatment options. The central message is the importance of scientific review in the acceptance and development of brace therapy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Renan Caldas Umburanas, Jackson Kawakami, Elizabeth Anna Ainsworth, Jose Laercio Favarin, Leonardo Zabot Anderle, Durval Dourado-Neto, Klaus Reichardt
Summary: On-farm soybean yield has significantly increased in southern Brazil over the past 50 years. This study evaluated the changes in yield improvement and associated agronomic attributes of soybean cultivars released in the region. The results showed that increased seed number per area and harvest index were the main factors contributing to yield increase. Meanwhile, cultivars became less susceptible to lodging and plant mortality reduced. Seed oil concentration increased, while seed protein concentration decreased. These findings have important implications for soybean utilization and future breeding efforts.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Andrew Gelman, Aki Vehtari
Summary: This article reviews the most important statistical ideas of the past half century, including counterfactual causal inference, bootstrapping, Bayesian multilevel models, etc. It discusses how these ideas relate to modern computing and big data, as well as potential future developments.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Siddhi Garg, Aparna Shukla, Purushottam Kumar Garg, Bisma Yousuf, Uma Kant Shukla
Summary: Glacier specific studies in Ladakh's relatively unexplored terrain reveal the overall shrinkage of the Kangriz glacier, increased supraglacial debris cover, reduced glacier surface velocity, and notable mass wastage. These changes are synchronous with regional warming and decreased precipitation. The study suggests a degenerative pattern of the glacier and warns of potential drastic changes in the frontal glacier morphology in the coming years.
COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tianjie Lei, Jianjun Wu, Jiabao Wang, Changliang Shao, Weiwei Wang, Dongpan Chen, Xiangyu Li
Summary: This paper focuses on the response of grassland productivity to drought under the background of climate change. The results show that there is a lag impact of drought events on grassland ecosystems, which may have additional effects on subsequent drought events. In addition, the interference of climate change complicates the influence of drought on grassland productivity over the past 50 years, as it is not simply equal to the algebraic sum of all historical drought events.
Article
Dermatology
Galia Peles, Amir Horev
Summary: This study reviewed the literature on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in the last 50 years, analyzing publication count, citation rate, research topics, and more. The results showed an increasing trend in HS publications over the years, with the main focus on treatment and pathogenesis. Additionally, only 15.8% of the studies examined the disease in children.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John H. Boyle, Susan Strickler, Alex D. Twyford, Angela Ricono, Adrian Powell, Jing Zhang, Hongxing Xu, Ronald Smith, Harmony J. Dalgleish, Georg Jander, Anurag A. Agrawal, Joshua R. Puzey
Summary: This study examines the demographic history of the monarch butterfly and its host plant, the common milkweed. The research shows that both species have experienced population expansion and no evidence of population decline. The decline in monarch butterfly abundance observed in recent years may be due to a mismatch between the overwintering census population and the effective population size.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhiqiang Huang, Wei Liu, Wen-Xiong Zhang
Summary: This article reviews the development of 1,5-electrocyclizations, including stepwise, stoichiometric, or catalytic approaches. It also discusses 1,5-electrocyclizations involving heteroatoms (N, O, P, S) and provides a summary of related mechanistic studies.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mengzhen Xu, Guanghui Wang, Zijing Wang, Hongchang Hu, Durgesh Kumar Singh, Shiming Tian
Summary: Understanding the variations in water and sediment of the Yellow River is crucial for managing its water resources and protecting its ecology in the future. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in flow and sediment load based on 60 years of data. It proposed a new division scheme for the river and identified the key factors contributing to the variations, providing insights for river management strategies. The study found significant decreasing trends in flow and sediment load, except for certain reaches. Reservoir operations and water abstraction were found to influence the variations, and there were changes in the ratio of flood volume to annual flow and flood sediment load to annual sediment load.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)