Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Rohan Kulkarni, Alireza Qazizadeh, Mats Berg
Summary: Intelligently identifying rail vehicle faults that cause running instability is crucial for safety and cost reduction. However, the complexities of vehicle-track interaction and scarcity of instability occurrences make this task challenging. We propose an unsupervised anomaly detection and clustering algorithm based on the iVRIDA framework to detect and identify running instability and its root cause. We compared the performance of three models (PCA-AD, SAE-AD, LSTMEncDec-AD) for detecting instability and used a k-means algorithm to identify clusters associated with root causes. Our method achieved a 97% accuracy in simulated and measured accelerations of European high-speed rail vehicles, contributing to smart maintenance by intelligently identifying anomalous vehicle-track interaction events.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jose Gerardo Carrillo-Gonzalez, Jorge Lopez-Ortega, Jacobo Sandoval-Gutierrez, Francisco Perez-Martinez
Summary: This study examines the variables that impact the average travel speed of passenger cars, taxis, and buses, highlighting the influence of buses and taxis on passenger cars.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION
(2021)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Bojian Zhang, Yongxiang Zhang, Andrea D'Ariano, Tommaso Bosi, Gongyuan Lu, Qiyuan Peng
Summary: This study deals with the train platforming problem (TPP) and extends it to include locomotive operations. A 0-1 integer programming model is proposed to simultaneously optimize the routing and scheduling of trains and locomotives. Dual decomposition methods are used to decompose the model, and efficient algorithms are developed to solve the train-specific sub-problems. A real-world case study based on Guangzhou railway station verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithms.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yavuz Selim Akdag, Akira Kato, Hakan Caliskan
Summary: Internal combustion engines emit harmful emissions such as CO2, CO, HC, and NOx, making them a major contributor to global warming and greenhouse gases. As a result, regulations on vehicle emissions, including CO2, are becoming stricter. This study measured the exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine using portable emissions measurement systems and found that increasing the first idle time and ambient temperature can significantly reduce CO, THC, and NOx emissions during testing. This research highlights the importance of reducing emissions from vehicles to achieve a sustainable environmental future.
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
C. Andrew Miller
Summary: This study compared the CO2 emissions per passenger between rail and air travel in the northeastern U.S., finding that rail travel generally has lower emissions, especially in electrified segments. For flight distances over 700 miles, single-aisle jets may have lower per-passenger CO2 emissions compared to diesel-powered rail travel.
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcin Polom, Pawel Wisniewski
Summary: This study investigated the environmental impact of trolleybuses and diesel buses in Gdynia, Poland, and found that trolleybuses significantly reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, while increasing sulphur dioxide emissions. However, due to the unfavorable energy mix in Poland, trolleybuses may cause higher emissions per year and per product life cycle compared to diesel buses in certain circumstances. The research results indicate that trolleybuses contribute to reducing the damage costs of pollutant emissions in public transport.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Dennis Lytton
Summary: U.S. rail transit and Federal Railroad Administration regulated heavy rail operate separately, hindering the development of seamless rail networks. This paper discusses the regulatory scheme and analyzes its history. The paper concludes that the barriers can be overcome, and running through trains can enhance regional networks.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Transportation
G. D'Ovidio, A. Ometto, G. Fabri, G. Antonini, C. Masciovecchio, M. Bruner
Summary: The European Green Deal aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) to 90% by 2050, and the transport sector is responsible for around 34% of these emissions. This paper discusses and evaluates the potential use of hydrogen as a clean fuel for passenger rail transport on non-electrified railway lines. The results show that a hydrogen train can significantly reduce energy consumption and emissions compared to a diesel train, making it a promising and sustainable solution.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2023: TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, OPERATIONS, AND TRANSIT
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Joseph Stekli, Raunak Mishra, Sophia Lin, Patricia Malinowski
Summary: This study focuses on comparing high-speed rail (HSR) and air transport as cost-competitive alternatives for reducing carbon emissions in long-distance travel. Using a case study of travel from Charlotte, North Carolina, to San Francisco, California, two potential HSR routes were compared to the air transport route. The study conducted a life cycle analysis and evaluated the impact of capacity utilization on emissions. The results suggest that HSR construction is likely to reduce emissions compared to air travel.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2022: OTHER MODES-RAIL, TRANSIT, AND AVIATION
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maria Vittoria Corazza, Paola Di Mascio, Gabriele Esposito
Summary: This paper highlights the underestimation of aircraft emissions in sensitive environments such as airport areas, and emphasizes the importance of reconsidering transport policies in such areas where road traffic emissions are marginal compared to those generated by aircraft.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND 2022 IEEE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS EUROPE (EEEIC / I&CPS EUROPE)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Shiqi Qing, Xiaofeng Yang, Feng Li, Zhengnan Lin, Zhao Zhang, Youneng Huang
Summary: In this study, an operation adjustment strategy for cross-line trains on urban transit was proposed to reduce travelling time and improve travelling efficiency. By utilizing an optimization algorithm, the tracking interval between adjacent trains was optimized based on specific conditions and dynamic characteristics of passenger flow. Simulation results showed that the optimized operation strategy significantly reduced the travelling time and waiting time for passengers under different passenger flow conditions.
2022 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITSC)
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mikhail Chester, Mounir El Asmar, Samantha Hayes, Cheryl Desha
Summary: This conceptual paper explores how Alternative Project Delivery Methods can integrate reconstruction projects to introduce more resilient infrastructure outcomes, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement for continuous improvement. The potential of alternative project delivery methods to enhance infrastructure resilience against future climate-related and other hazards is highlighted.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Noam Rosenthal, Mikhail Chester, Andrew Fraser, David M. Hondula, David P. Eisenman
Summary: Extreme heat events induced by climate change pose a growing risk to the comfort and health of transit passengers. This study develops a schedule optimization model to minimize heat exposure and applies it to bus services in Phoenix, Arizona. Rerouting as little as 10% of the fleet can reduce network-wide exposure by up to 35%.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Prerna Singh, Adjo Amekudzi-Kennedy, Baabak Ashuri, Mikhail Chester, Samuel Labi, Thomas A. Wall
Summary: This paper presents an approach to evaluate the long-term benefits of adaptive resilience in infrastructure systems, demonstrating the increasing benefits of adaptive strategies over time.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ryan Hoff, Mikhail Chester
Summary: In the face of destabilizing conditions in the Anthropocene, infrastructure resilience modeling is challenged by data gaps, interconnected systems, and accurate behavior estimation. However, novel approaches in interdependency modeling, cascading failure modeling, and synthetic network generation offer significant opportunities for advancing our understanding of vulnerabilities and investing in resilience.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rui Li, Mikhail Chester
Summary: Using California as a case study, the vulnerability of transportation infrastructure to post-fire debris flow was assessed considering various factors, and the future number of vulnerable roadways was predicted. The results showed that currently, 0.97% of roadways are highly vulnerable, and this number is expected to increase 1.9-2.3 times to 3.5-4.2 times in the future scenarios.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Mikhail V. Chester, Thaddeus R. Miller, Tischa A. Munoz-Erickson, Alysha M. Helmrich, David M. Iwaniec, Timon McPhearson, Elizabeth M. Cook, Nancy B. Grimm, Samuel A. Markolf
Summary: Our urban systems are currently designed to only provide limited human-centered services, without considering the impact on the resilience of social-ecological-technological systems (SETS). Adapting a SETS resilience perspective can lead to new approaches to adaptation and transformation in complex environments. We propose reframing urban systems as entangled rather than controlled, embracing SETS thinking for creating responses that align with environmental complexity, and employing SETS sensemaking to build the necessary complexity. This sensemaking process involves incorporating sustained adaptation, anticipatory futures, loose-fit design, and co-governance into decision-making to reimagine institutional structures and processes within entangled SETS.
NPJ URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Emily N. Bondank, Mikhail Chester, Austin Michne, Nasir Ahmad, Benjamin L. Ruddell, Nathan G. Johnson
Summary: The article introduces a model, Perses, to estimate temperature increase-driven failures and service outages in water distribution systems. Using a case study in Phoenix, it predicts that in a hotter future, failures of pumps, PVC pipes, and iron pipes will increase, and service outages may increase by 16%-26%.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Nasir Ahmad, Mikhail Chester, Emily Bondank, Mazdak Arabi, Nathan Johnson, Benjamin L. Ruddell
Summary: This article discusses the importance and existing challenges of water distribution networks (WDN), and proposes a model called SyNF for synthetic WDN generation. The capabilities of SyNF are demonstrated through a case study. The authors also discuss how SyNF can enhance our understanding of WDN.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Alysha M. Helmrich, Mikhail Chester
Summary: As climate change is becoming a major challenge, existing infrastructure design approaches are insufficient in addressing the complexity and uncertainty associated with climate change. Common design methods have not fully realized the potential in dealing with climate change.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Andrew M. Fraser, Mikhail Chester, B. Shane Underwood
Summary: Wildfires in the American West have been increasing in number, size, and intensity, and forecasts indicate that these trends are expected to worsen. Post-fire debris flows are found to be a significant threat to infrastructure, particularly roads. A model that considers environmental conditions, post-fire effects, and transportation asset use has been developed and applied to a fire-prone region in Arizona. The model demonstrates the vulnerability of infrastructure to environmental and technological variables, highlighting the need for a broader system approach to risk management.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mikhail Chester, Braden Allenby
Summary: Infrastructure systems need to adapt to the growing complexity of their operating environments by developing a range of response strategies. Infrastructure organizations should focus on sustained adaptation, distribute resources and decision-making horizontally, engage in environmental scanning, and emphasize flexible design.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yeowon Kim, Nancy B. Grimm, Mikhail Chester, Charles L. Redman
Summary: The concept of resilience is widely applied in managing disturbances in systems, but lacks a clear standard for measurement and implementation, leading to subjective interpretations by practitioners in practice. Diverse perspectives on infrastructure resilience highlight how different strategies are preferred and applied in real-world situations.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alysha Helmrich, Samuel Markolf, Rui Li, Thomaz Carvalhaes, Yeowon Kim, Emily Bondank, Mukunth Natarajan, Nasir Ahmad, Mikhail Chester
Summary: The importance of infrastructure systems' capacities to respond to complex environments is increasingly recognized, with centralization, decentralization, and distribution systems playing a crucial role. However, there is a lack of alignment in the usage of these concepts, and governance structures are often overlooked. All three configurations - centralized, decentralized, and distributed - align with resilience capacities in various contexts of stability and instability.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Erica J. Gilrein, Thomaz M. Carvalhaes, Samuel A. Markolf, Mikhail V. Chester, Braden R. Allenby, Margaret Garcia
Summary: Infrastructure is increasingly considered too rigid to adapt to changing climate and future uncertainties, posing risks to service delivery and public welfare. Novel infrastructure and technologies supporting adaptivity through various characteristics have emerged, such as smart technologies and renewable energy generation, with the potential to transform infrastructure provision and management with institutional and cultural support.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Mikhail Chester, B. Shane Underwood, Braden Allenby, Margaret Garcia, Constantine Samaras, Samuel Markolf, Kelly Sanders, Benjamin Preston, Thaddeus R. Miller
Summary: Infrastructure are facing three main trends: accelerating human activities, increasing uncertainty in social, technological, and climatological factors, and increasing complexity of the systems themselves and environments in which they operate. Resilience theory can help infrastructure managers navigate this increasing complexity, by considering adaptation and transformation. Additionally, agility and flexibility in physical assets and governance, as well as reorienting sensemaking capabilities, are essential in ensuring core systems keep pace with a changing world.
NPJ URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)