Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuu Usui, Misaki Kimoto, Akira Hanashima, Ken Hashimoto, Satoshi Mohri
Summary: In this study, the ventricular diastolic function of two different types of Oncorhynchus masou, landlocked (masu salmon) and sea-run (cherry salmon), was investigated. The results showed that the cherry salmon had a relatively stiffer ventricle compared to the masu salmon, and this might be attributed to the increased collagen accumulation in the compact layer of the cherry salmon. However, the extensibility of cardiomyocytes and the morphology of isolated cardiomyocytes were similar in both types.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Garrett J. McKinney, Krista M. Nichols, Michael J. Ford
Summary: The study reveals sex-specific genetic architecture of age at maturity in Chinook salmon and provides evidence of translocation of the sex-determining gene between different chromosomes. This has significant implications for understanding shifting demography and sex determination mechanisms in this species.
Article
Fisheries
Elia Ciani, Kristine von Krogh, Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, Ian Mayer, Romain Fontaine, Finn-Arne Weltzien
Summary: This study investigated the timing of sexual maturation in male Atlantic salmon, showing that some individuals matured in spring at one year of age, while others initiated maturation in autumn at six months old, earlier than previously reported. Different patterns of hormone levels and gene expression were observed between one-year old maturing males and under-yearling maturing males, highlighting the plasticity of Atlantic salmon puberty.
Article
Polymer Science
Mizuki Kishimoto, Mikihito Takenaka, Hitoshi Iwabuki
Summary: Many studies have shown that crystallization in semicrystalline polymers leads to the existence of an amorphous region with reduced mobility. However, the spatial distribution of this rigid amorphous region has not been fully understood. In this study, contrast variation small-angle X-ray scattering (CV-SAXS) was used to investigate the swollen ethyleneoctene copolymer with granular crystallites, revealing that the rigid amorphous region exists around and between the crystallites. The weight fraction of the rigid amorphous region estimated by CV-SAXS was consistent with measurements obtained by pulsed proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Diego Crespo, Kai Ove Skaftnesmo, Erik Kjaerner-Semb, Ozlem Yilmaz, Birgitta Norberg, Sara Olausson, Petra Vogelsang, Jan Bogerd, Lene Kleppe, Rolf B. Edvardsen, Eva Andersson, Anna Wargelius, Tom J. Hansen, Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Ruediger W. Schulz
Summary: Precocious male maturation in Atlantic salmon aquaculture leads to reduced welfare and increased production costs. Research on the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) production in male salmonids revealed up-regulation of gonadotropin-related genes in the pituitaries of maturing males exposed to certain environmental conditions. Ex vivo studies showed the influence of hormones and growth factors on gene expression levels in pituitaries from both immature and maturing males.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Satoshi Miyazaki, Kokuto Fujiwara, Keima Kai, Yudai Masuoka, Hiroki Gotoh, Teruyuki Niimi, Yoshinobu Hayashi, Shuji Shigenobu, Kiyoto Maekawa
Summary: The sex determination gene dsx encodes a transcription factor in insects, with sex-specific splicing isoforms regulating target gene transcription in Holometabola. However, in some hemimetabolous insects, dsx may not exhibit sex-specific splicing. Evolutionary changes in dsx from sex-specific splicing to male-specific transcription may have occurred in termites.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hao Zhang, Meiping Sun, Xiaojun Yao, Zhilan Wang, Lei Zhang
Summary: The study on the atmospheric temperature and dew point temperature differences in the arid region of northwest China revealed a positive trend in specific humidity in the vertical atmospheric levels over time. The specific humidity is greatly influenced by topography and underlying surface, with spatial distribution characteristics well described by reanalysis data in the middle and upper levels.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hongbing She, Zhaosheng Xu, Helong Zhang, Guoliang Li, Jian Wu, Xiaowu Wang, Ying Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Wei Qian
Summary: Research on spinach dioecy identified a male-specific region on chromosome 4, potentially linked to the male-determination gene. A KASP marker, SponR, developed from a SNP closely linked to the MSR, co-segregated with the sex determination gene in a population of approximately 958 individuals.
HORTICULTURAL PLANT JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Rui Ueda, Hirohiko Takeshima, Takuya Sato
Summary: The study confirmed the validity of two male-specific molecular markers in red-spotted masu salmon populations and suggested the usefulness of these markers, especially OtY2, in selecting females for life-history studies, strategic conservation, and effective breeding programs.
ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tommaso Giovannini, Henrik Koch
Summary: A novel energy-based localization procedure for molecular orbitals is presented, utilizing a multiscale framework and partitioning the system into active and inactive fragments. The method maximizes repulsion between fragments to obtain localized molecular orbitals, and has been applied to both conjugated and non-conjugated systems. Comparisons with reference values show the method's potential for reducing computational cost while expanding the application range of high-level electron correlation methods.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arthur L. Bass, Andrew W. Bateman, Karia H. Kaukinen, Shaorong Li, Tobi Ming, David A. Patterson, Scott G. Hinch, Kristina M. Miller
Summary: Although limited, knowledge of the spatial distributions of infectious agents in wild Pacific salmon, especially in the marine environment, was characterized using high-throughput qPCR. High prevalence clusters of 41 detected agents were identified, often shifting geographically with season. This novel documentation contributes to ecological knowledge, identifies impacted salmon populations, and pinpoints priority locations for future research and remediation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael H. Riad, Kwanghoon Park, Ines Ibanez-Tallon, Nathaniel Heintz
Summary: The study reveals the role of neuromodulatory substances in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). It shows that a specific class of mPFC interneurons releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to enhance excitability of pyramidal cells, leading to increased novelty exploration in male mice. The effect of CRH is influenced by sex and does not affect anxiety-related behaviors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard Sinko, Kristof Rada, Anna Kollar, Petra Mohacsik, Miklos Tenk, Csaba Fekete, Balazs Gereben
Summary: Thyroid hormone signaling is important for normal tissue function, and environmental pollutants can disrupt endocrine functions. This study used a mouse model to investigate the effects of two chemical pollutants on thyroid hormone action in different tissues. The results showed that the pollutants had different effects on different tissues, and the mouse model proved to be useful for identifying thyroid hormone disruptors and their tissue-specific effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
W. A. Thompson, G. Y. Lau, J. G. Richards, R. H. Devlin
Summary: Growth hormone transgenic coho salmon exhibit increased growth rates, primarily due to higher feed intake and feed conversion. The modulation of neuropeptides and energy reserves, possibly through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, plays a complex role in mediating growth in these fish. This study suggests that growth hormone transgenic salmon experience metabolic duress when not fed to satiation.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mark D. Nelson, James D. Garner, Brian G. Tavernia, Stephen V. Stehman, Rachel I. Riemann, Andrew J. Lister, Charles H. Perry
Summary: This article introduces a map accuracy assessment framework for categorical geospatial data, utilizing multiple methods for comprehensive evaluation. The framework provides rigorous estimates of accuracy and precision, helps users assess the relative importance of map errors, and maximizes opportunities for comparisons between different datasets.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
