Article
Management
Gianluca Pallante, Emanuele Russo, Andrea Roventini
Summary: Defense R & D accounts for the largest share of US public R & D spending and has historically contributed to civilian innovations. However, there is limited empirical evidence on its impact on private R & D investment and no conclusive results on possible crowding-in (-out) effects. Using a longitudinal dataset linking public R & D obligations to private R & D expenditures for US states, this study examines the influence of defense R & D on privately-financed R & D. The findings show significant crowding-in effects, with elasticities in the range of 0.11-0.14, and these positive effects also extend to the labor market, particularly for engineers in R & D intensive industries.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Will McDowall
Summary: The urgent need to accelerate the transition towards low-carbon energy is well understood, and government support for energy innovation is a key focus. This support includes both direct spending and indirect support through tax credits. Data shows that tax credits can be a significant source of innovation support for fossil fuel extraction companies, although this varies by country. As a result, publicly available data on direct R&D spending may underestimate government support for innovation in fossil fuel extraction.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, John Inekwe, Kris Ivanovski
Summary: This study examines the time-varying impact of energy technology R&D spending on energy consumption per capita in OECD countries from 1980 to 2014. The findings suggest a positive time-varying effect of R&D on total energy consumption, with differing effects on non-renewable and renewable energy consumption.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maximilian Gasser, Simon Pezzutto, Wolfram Sparber, Eric Wilczynski
Summary: This paper examines public research and development (R&D) funding for renewable energy technologies in 17 European countries from 2000 to 2020, analyzing its extent, composition, and effectiveness. The study finds that public R&D funding is confirmed as an effective driver of green innovation, but there are significant differences in the allocation of EU funding among countries.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher B. Barrett
Summary: Research on vaccines, crop seeds, and other innovations for low- or middle-income countries can be incentivized by extending patent protection for profitable but non-essential inventions.
Article
Environmental Studies
Lei Shi, Boqiang Lin
Summary: The dual-credit policy and government subsidy have different impacts on R&D intensity in different sectors of the Chinese electric vehicle industry. The dual-credit policy directly improves R&D intensity in downstream vehicle manufacturers and spills over to upstream raw material companies, but the effect may not be sustainable. Government subsidy improves R&D intensity in battery and vehicle manufacturers but has no significant impact on upstream raw material companies. The dual-credit policy also moderates the effect of government subsidy on R&D intensity for vehicle manufacturers, reducing their reliance on subsidy and mitigating the negative impact of subsidy decline.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Economics
Chao-Cheng Mai, Shih-Chuan Lin
Summary: The paper examines how product market uncertainty and government research and development (R&D) subsidy uncertainty influence R&D levels in a duopoly with R&D rivalry. The study concludes that different types of uncertainties have different impacts on R&D investment decisions.
MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Weidong Meng, Miaomiao Ma, Yuyu Li, Bo Huang
Summary: This study proposes an R&D decision model considering suppliers' capital constraints based on China's dual credit policy, aiming to promote the development of new energy vehicles (NEVs). The results show that the dual credit policy promotes the NEV industry, but capital constraints weaken the incentive effect. Two solutions, bank loans and sharing cost with manufacturers, are provided to relieve financial constraints.
Article
Management
Alexandra Graddy-Reed, Lauren Lanahan, Jesse D' Agostino
Summary: This study examines the impact of external R&D funding on the career trajectory and research productivity of graduate students, finding that it increases degree completion, job placement, research impact and network size, while also enhancing interaction between students and advisors.
Article
Business
Jose M. Gonzalez-Varona, Natalia Martin-Cruz, Fernando Acebes, Javier Pajares
Summary: In this paper, a case study was conducted to investigate the effects of public co-funding of R&D projects on project team members' perceived complexity. A qualitative research approach was used, with sixteen employees participating in an R&D project carried out by an industrial SME in northern Spain. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted at the beginning and end of the co-funded part of the project, and NVivo data analysis software was used for qualitative data analysis. The results showed a significant increase in perceived complexity, which was attributed to unresolved tension between the co-financing entity's requirements and the SME's working procedures. However, overall perceived complexity decreased once the co-financed part of the project was completed.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH
(2023)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dyani Lewis
Summary: The Centre for Policy Research conducts some of the most influential policy studies in the country.
Article
Economics
Tao Qian, Yutao Zhan, Shiyuan Pan
Summary: The super-deduction of research and development expenses is a key policy in stimulating enterprise innovation in China. It has been found that this policy significantly increases R&D investments, with different impacts on different industries and firms.
CHINA & WORLD ECONOMY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xu Li, Qing Y. Xiong
Summary: The dual-credit policy in China has significantly promoted research and development investment by automakers, with effects varying during different periods. Management insights can be drawn for responding to the dual-credit policy.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gemma Conroy
Summary: India's National Research Foundation aims to promote a research culture and bring about a transformation in the scientific landscape.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
[Anonymous]
Summary: Data gaps are impeding the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goal for education and lifelong learning, and modest funding will assist in closing these gaps.
Article
Economics
Marie-Louise Arlt, David Chassin, Claudio Rivetta, James Sweeney
Summary: This paper examines the impact of real-time pricing and load automation on residential distribution systems. The study finds that implementing real-time pricing can result in an aggregate welfare gain of 39 USD per customer and year. However, it also notes that RTP and load automation may significantly increase peak system load. Introducing a market-based demand management system can further enhance welfare gains and reduce grid investment.
Article
Economics
Javier Jorquera-Copier, Alvaro Lorca, Enzo Sauma, Stefan Lorenczik, Matias Negrete-Pincetic
Summary: As countries update their climate ambitions, low-carbon hydrogen production and use present opportunities for emissions reductions and economic development. A case study for Chile shows that integrating hydrogen and electricity networks can lower system costs and enhance renewable integration, but policy support is needed to address concerns related to water and land use.
Article
Economics
Dawit Guta, Hisham Zerriffi, Jill Baumgartner, Abhishek Jain, Sunil Mani, Darby Jack, Ellison Carter, Guofeng Shen, Jennifer Orgill-Meyer, Joshua Rosenthal, Katherine Dickinson, Rob Bailis, Yuta Masuda
Summary: Household solid fuel use is detrimental to health and the environment. The Indian government's PMUY subsidy has successfully promoted the adoption of LPG by millions of households. However, there is limited understanding of the decision-making process to reduce solid fuel use after transitioning to cleaner fuels. This study found that factors such as household wealth, social status, education level, and the prevalence of LPG use in the village are positively associated with LPG consumption and the discontinuation of solid fuel use. On the other hand, factors such as distance to LPG refill delivery, household size, and the PMUY subsidy are negatively associated with the share of LPG use.
Article
Economics
Nicolas Morell-Dameto, Jose Pablo Chaves-Avila, Tomas Gomez San Roman, Pablo Duenas-Martinez, Tim Schittekatte
Summary: This paper assesses the performance of differently implemented forward-looking network tariff designs and proposes an innovative coordination mechanism to increase predictability in a future with many flexible customers. The study reveals that if large shares of customers synchronize their responses to highly time-varying and locational-specific network charges, it can lead to unexpected reinforcements.
Article
Economics
Alexandra Gritz, Guntram Wolff
Summary: Russia's weaponization of gas supplies shook the energy security of Central and Eastern Europe in 2022. The region responded by increasing alternative energy supplies and developing new gas supply routes. Renewable energy, nuclear energy, and hydrogen play important roles in the long-term. Mitigating the impact of this shock requires the EU to prioritize the integrity of its energy market.
Article
Economics
Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Marion Collewet, Matthew DiGiuseppe, Hendrik Vrijburg
Summary: Economic costs are a major political obstacle to investing in climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. The method of financing plays a crucial role in determining public opposition to government green investments, with debt financing being less opposed than broad-based taxes. This study suggests that credit market tools, such as green bonds and debt for climate swaps, can be politically efficient in increasing support for green financing. Carbon taxes and wealth taxes are found to be the most preferred options.
Article
Economics
Kun Guo, Liyuan Luan, Xiaoli Cai, Dayong Zhang, Qiang Ji
Summary: This paper investigates China's energy trade stability using a survival analysis approach. It finds that the energy trade linkages between China and 153 other countries are complex and unstable, with short periods of trade with many countries. Geopolitically risky regions, such as the Middle East and Africa, have the lowest trade stability. Climate risks have significant effects on energy trade stability. The paper proposes several policy options to improve energy trade stability in China, with special attention to increasing global climate risks.
Article
Economics
Simona Bigerna, Piyush Choudhary, Nikunj Kumar Jain, Silvia Micheli, Paolo Polinori
Summary: This study estimates the willingness to pay of Indian urban consumers for a continuous supply of electricity using contingent valuation method. The findings show that the amount consumers are willing to pay depends on the duration of power outages, with households preferring shorter outages. Income and environmental attitude also positively influence higher willingness to pay. These insights can inform policymakers in designing more reliable and customer-centric energy generation and distribution models.
Article
Economics
Temilade Sesan, Unico Uduka, Lucy Baker, Okechukwu Ugwu, Ewah Eleri, Subhes Bhattacharyya
Summary: This study examines the impact of the regulatory framework on rural electrification and universal energy access goals in Nigeria's mini-grid sector. The findings suggest that while the current framework has fostered sector growth, additional measures are necessary to ensure equitable distribution of access among rural populations.
Article
Economics
Rui Shan, Noah Kittner
Summary: Energy storage is a cornerstone in decarbonization planning as it reduces operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions, while enhancing resilience and renewables integration. However, storage developers in different regions have varying economic and environmental considerations, thereby requiring policy intervention to achieve long-term emission reductions.
Article
Economics
Tung Durmaz, Sevil Acar, Simay Kizilkaya
Summary: This study investigates the phenomenon of strategic capacity withholding in the Turkish electricity market and its relationship with the capacity remuneration mechanism. The empirical results provide strong evidence of strategic capacity withholding and show that the capacity mechanism contributes to the duration of failures. The study offers important insights for policymakers, including the implementation of a random verification mechanism and restructuring of the capacity mechanism in Turkey.
Article
Economics
Tii N. Nchofoung
Summary: The study finds that oil price shocks have a negative impact on Africa's energy transition, particularly in rural areas and net crude oil exporting countries. However, oil price shocks cannot explain the urban-rural differences in clean energy access. Therefore, increasing investment in clean energy and technologies in rural areas is necessary to enhance the resilience of the energy sector to oil price shocks.
Article
Economics
Najia Saqib, Muhammad Usman, Ilhan Ozturk, Arshian Sharif
Summary: This study examines the impact of environmental technologies, financial growth, and energy use on ecological footprint and green growth. Environmental innovation and renewable energy deployment contribute to green growth, while financial expansion and non-renewable energy use have negative effects on the environment. The study also identifies causal relationships between different factors.
Article
Economics
Yessica C. Y. Chung, Noxolo Kunene, Hung-Hao Chang
Summary: The Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is considered an innovative technology for building a green society. This study investigates the impact of REC purchases on stock return and volume in Taiwan between 2017 and 2021. The findings suggest that REC purchases have a positive effect on stock returns of manufacturing firms but not service firms. The frequency of REC purchases is also an important factor in the relationship between REC purchase and firm value. Additionally, the study reveals that public attention to environmental pollution plays a crucial role in positive stock returns and volume, while ESG disclosure is negatively associated with returns and volume.
Article
Economics
Seife Ayele, Wei Shen, Yacob Mulugetta, Tadesse Kuma Worako
Summary: This paper addresses the challenges of governing energy procurement from a mix of non-hydropower renewable energy sources supplied by independent producers. Building on political economy analysis and five case studies of independent producer projects from Ethiopia, it seeks to understand the root causes of the protracted delays and limited extent of procurement by independent producers. The key contestations lie in managing long term contracts, risk, uncertainty and in developing the institutional and human capacity to transition.