Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Nur Wardah Norman, Mahendra Rao Somalu, Andanastuti Muchtar, Nurul Akidah Baharuddin, S. A. Muhammed Ali, Abul Kalam Azad, Jarot Raharjo, Deni Shidqi Khaerudini, Nigel P. Brandon
Summary: Proton-conducting Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9M0.1O3-8 (M = In, Pr, Ga) electrolytes without Zr were synthesized using the glycine-nitrate process for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The electrolyte powders were analyzed for thermal decomposition and crystalline structure. The morphological structure, chemical stability, and proton conductivity of the electrolyte pellets were examined. It was determined that Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9In0.1O3-8 is the best electrolyte in terms of sinterability, chemical stability, and proton conductivity.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
In -Ho Kim, Dae-Kwang Lim, Yeon Namgung, Hohan Bae, Jun-Young Park, Sun-Ju Song
Summary: In this study, the electrochemical and transport properties of a perovskite-type proton conductor BZCYYb5311 were evaluated. The material showed high proton conductivity and exceptional chemical stability. It exhibited a proton conductivity of 98% compared to ionic conductivity at 600°C. The maximum power density in fuel cell mode and current density in electrolysis mode were calculated, indicating the potential of BZCYYb5311 as a fuel cell material.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhizhong Leng, Zuzhi Huang, Xu Zhou, Bo Zhang, Hu Bai, Juan Zhou, Shaorong Wang
Summary: Proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (H-SOECs) using BZCYYb as the electrolyte material have unique advantages. This study investigates the effects of adding different sintering aids (NiO, CuO, ZnO) to BZCYYb on grain size and conductivity. The results show that adding 1 wt% of NiO and CuO sintering aids improves the density and conductivity of BZCYYb. The conductivity increases with steam concentration in most atmospheres, while in oxygen atmosphere with steam at high temperature, the conductivity initially decreases slightly and then increases. CuO is found to have advantages in promoting hydration reaction and proton conduction of BZCYYb electrolyte compared to NiO.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Idris Temitope Bello, Shuo Zhai, Siyuan Zhao, Zheng Li, Na Yu, Meng Ni
Summary: Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (P-SOFCs) show great potential for energy conversion with high efficiency and temperature adaptability, but research and development in this field are still limited globally.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chunlei Xia, Jialin Li, Zhao Qian, Fengrui Xu, Yunfeng Li, Shoujun Zhu, Hu-jun Qian, Chengji Zhao, Zhong-Yuan Lu, Bai Yang
Summary: Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) with simultaneously high ion conductivity and selectivity have been achieved by self-assembling ultra-small carbon dots (CDs) with selective barriers within proton-conducting channels. The functional CDs regulate the nanophase separation of PEMs and optimize the hydration proton network, enabling more efficient proton transport. Additionally, the CDs within proton-conducting channels prevent fuel permeation selectively, resulting in significantly improved selectivity. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) equipped with the hybrid membranes showed a 23% increase in open-circuit voltage and a 93% increase in maximum power density. This work provides new insights for optimizing polymer membranes for efficient and selective transport, solving the trade-off between conductivity and selectivity.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xuan Yang, Xi Xu, Shuai Wu, Shoufu Yu, Lei Bi
Summary: Zn-doping can enhance the hydration and proton diffusion ability of La2NiO4+x, making it a suitable cathode material for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs).
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
R. D. Gus'kov, V. G. Ponomareva
Summary: Hybrid polymer compounds based on CsH5(PO4)(2) and Butvar were synthesized with ethanol and isopropanol as solvents. The salt structure remains unchanged but dispersion and partial amorphization were observed during synthesis. The highest proton conductivity was achieved through salt precipitation in a common solvent with further tape casting, resulting in a 2 orders of magnitude increase relative to the initial salt conductivity.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hua Tong, Wenjing Hu, Min Fu, Chunli Yang, Zetian Tao
Summary: Nickel-doped barium ferrate with triple conducting ability is developed as cathodes for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs), showing impressive electrochemical performance at intermediate temperatures. The high electrocatalytic capacity of the nickel-doped barium ferrate cathode is attributed to its significant proton conductivity, which is enhanced by the presence of nickel and the regulated composition and structure of the composite cathode.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yan Cao, Hayder A. Dhahad, Yu-Liang Sun, Maghsoud Abdollahi Haghghi, Mostafa Delpisheh, Hassan Athari, Naeim Farouk
Summary: This study investigates the impact of changes in nitrogen ratio on the performance of fuel cells, finding that with increasing input nitrogen ratio, the voltage output, energy and exergy efficiencies, electricity generation rate, and exergoeconomic factor of the applications decrease, while the unit cost of electricity and carbon dioxide emission increase.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Hongtao Wang, Shouyue Wang, Yanting Huang, Haodong Yang, Zhen Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the influence of sintering additive and calcining temperature on the structures, morphologies, and conductivities of Ho3+ and Sm3+ co-doped CeO2 and NiO doped CeO2 samples. The addition of NiO and higher sintering temperature significantly increases the conductivities of the ceramic sheets. A fuel cell with NiO-HSDC and 1450-HSDC-2NiO as the membrane exhibits good performance at high temperatures, showing high current densities and power densities. The stability of the fuel cell is relatively good within the testing range.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Liming Zhang, Shiqing Hu, Zhongwei Cao, Bingjie Pang, Jingyi Wang, Peng Zhang, Xuefeng Zhu, Weishen Yang
Summary: Vacuum-assistant dip-coating method is developed to prepare defect-free BaCe0.4Zr0.4Y0.1O3-delta (BCZYYb4411) proton-conducting electrolyte membranes on porous anode substrates. By tuning the mass concentration of electrolyte powders in the coating slurry, thin and dense electrolyte membranes with different thicknesses can be reproducibly prepared. The as-prepared proton-conducting fuel cells with defect-free electrolyte membranes exhibit high peak power density and stability.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Libin Lei, Yingyu Mo, Yue Huang, Ruiming Qiu, Zhipeng Tian, Junyao Wang, Jianping Liu, Ying Chen, Jihao Zhang, Zetian Tao, Bo Liang, Chao Wang
Summary: Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs) are highly efficient energy devices that operate at intermediate temperatures due to their high ionic conductivities. However, the role of oxygen-ionic current (jO) in proton-conducting electrolytes has been overlooked. This study presents a theoretical analysis, considering various factors, to evaluate jO in H-SOFCs. The modeling results demonstrate that jO is mainly influenced by fuel humidity, and reducing it can improve the power density of H-SOFCs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ho-Il Ji, Byung-Kook Kim, Ji-Won Son, Kyung Joong Yoon, Jong-Ho Lee
Summary: This study investigated the influence of CuO and ZnO sintering activators on the densification behavior, distribution of sintering activators, and electrical properties of Y-doped BaZrO3-delta proton conducting oxide. The results showed that high relative density can be achieved at specific sintering temperatures, and the proton conductivity and defect structure of different compositions were analyzed to compare their performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junya Yagyu, M. Saidul Islam, Yuta Shudo, Masahiro Fukuda, Hideto Ushijima, Junya Ohyama, Shintaro Ida, Leonard F. Lindoy, Shinya Hayami
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of freeze-dried route for preparing three-dimensional graphene oxide (3DGO) with a 3D interconnected network and significant interlayer void space. The 3DGO exhibits high proton conductivity and performance in PEMFC, attributed to its facile proton conduction pathway and higher water uptake in the 3D porous architecture.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fan He, Qinning Gao, Zuoqing Liu, Meiting Yang, Ran Ran, Guangming Yang, Wei Wang, Wei Zhou, Zongping Shao
Summary: The use of a new Ba(Zr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1)(0.95)Pd0.05O3-delta perovskite as the key component in ammonia-fueled PCFCs improves catalytic activity for NH3 decomposition and increases proton conductivity, leading to higher power density and stability.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sathya Prakash Singh, Nikola Kanas, Temesgen D. Desissa, Mats Johnsson, Mari-Ann Einarsrud, Truls Norby, Kjell Wiik
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sathya Prakash Singh, Nikola Kanas, Temesgen D. Desissa, Mari-Ann Einarsrud, Truls Norby, Kjell Wiik
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kaiqi Xu, Athanasios Chatzitakis, Sanne Risbakk, Mingyi Yang, Paul Hoff Backe, Mathieu Grandcolas, Magnar Bjoras, Truls Norby
Summary: In this study, Co-based cocatalysts were electrodeposited on mesoporous Ta3N5 nanotubes to achieve a photocurrent density of 6.3 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs. SHE under simulated solar illumination. The best performing electrode not only exhibited high photocurrent density, but also improved stability under intense photoelectrochemical water splitting conditions. The dual function of the cocatalyst in enhancing both photoelectrochemical performance and stability was highlighted.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Marit Norderhaug Getz, Athanasios Chatzitakis, Xin Liu, Patricia Almeida Carvalho, Tor Svendsen Bjorheim, Truls Norby
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Lysik, T. Wejrzanowski, K. Cwieka, J. Skibinski, J. Milewski, F. M. B. Marques, T. Norby, W. Xing
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Mayandi, R. K. Madathil, C. Abinaya, K. Bethke, V. Venkatachalapathy, K. Rademann, T. Norby, T. G. Finstad
Summary: This study reports on the structural and electrical characterization of zinc oxide material containing aluminum prepared using a co-precipitation technique with different zinc and aluminum precursors. The resulting material exhibits a nanostructured form with significantly reduced thermal conductivity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaolan Kang, Chrysanthi Berberidou, Augustinas Galeckas, Calliope Bazioti, Einar Sagstuen, Truls Norby, Ioannis Poulios, Athanasios Chatzitakis
Summary: Defect-engineering of TiO2 can significantly affect its photocatalytic properties for degrading persistent pollutants. Introducing a combination of defects through post-annealing under different reducing atmospheres can improve the photocatalytic performance, especially for water purification and disinfection under visible light illumination.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Raphael Schuler, Reshma K. Madathil, Truls Norby
Summary: The high temperature thermoelectric test setup is designed for the NORECS ProboStat (TM) sample holder cell, allowing testing of various interconnects and thermoelectric materials performance in controlled atmospheres.
The comparison between predicted and actual module performance highlights the importance of testing materials in combination, including interconnects.
The versatile four-leg setup enables match-screening, performance evaluation, and long-term stability studies under realistic operational conditions.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
K. Cwieka, A. Lysik, T. Wejrzanowski, T. Norby, W. Xing
Summary: This paper demonstrates the influence of modifications in microstructure and chemical composition on the electrochemical behavior of cathodes for molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). By designing new three-layer cathode structures, combining porous silver, nickel oxide, and nickel foam layers, it is possible to enhance cell performance, decrease internal resistance, and improve charge transfer and mass transport efficiency.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kaiqi Xu, Athanasios Chatzitakis, Paul Hoff Backe, Qiushi Ruan, Junwang Tang, Frode Rise, Magnar Bjoras, Truls Norby
Summary: This study achieved stable and efficient reduction of CO2 to formate in a bio-hybrid PEC cell using a novel cathode and efficient regeneration mechanism, approaching the efficiency of natural photosynthesis.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vijayan Sobhana Dilimon, Ragnar Strandbakke, Truls Norby
Summary: This study investigated the impedance spectroscopy of Au electrodes on GDC-LNC composite electrolytes in O2 and O2+CO2 atmospheres. The results suggest that CO2 adsorption in O2+CO2 atmospheres hinders oxygen adsorption and slows down oxygen reduction kinetics. Incorporating LNC melt into GDC reduces polarisation resistance in O2 atmospheres, but increases it in O2+CO2 atmospheres due to the blocking adsorption of CO2.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Reshma K. K. Madathil, Truls Norby
Summary: This study introduces the use of stable and highly conducting ceramic oxide as interconnects in oxide thermoelectric generators, reducing contact resistance and improving performance and durability.
SOLID STATE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaolan Kang, Athanasios Chatzitakis, Thomas Aarholt, Xinwei Sun, Chiara Negri, Truls Norby
Summary: Water adsorption and surface protonic conduction on different crystal facets of nanocrystalline TiO2 have been investigated in wet atmospheres. The adsorption behavior and protonic conductivity vary significantly depending on the crystal facets. The structure of the water layers, coverage of dissociable water, and activation enthalpies for proton migration all contribute to the differences observed in surface properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaolan Kang, Vilde Mari Reinertsen, Kevin Gregor Both, Augustinas Galeckas, Thomas Aarholt, Oystein Prytz, Truls Norby, Dragos Neagu, Athanasios Chatzitakis
Summary: There is a growing demand to control and enhance the stability and efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) for photo- and electrochemical energy conversion applications. The galvanic replacement/deposition method offers a simpler and safer approach to produce a wide range of hybrid nanostructures with increased tailorability. These bimetallic nanostructures, supported on SrTiO3, show exceptional activity in plasmon-assisted photoelectrochemical water oxidation reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lulu Jiang, Truls Norby, Donglin Han
Summary: We investigated the proton conducting properties of doped SrZrO3 and found that it exhibits higher transport numbers and other advantages as an electrolyte in proton ceramic electrochemical cells. Through analysis of the chemical expansion properties of SrZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ (SZY10), we determined the partial conductivities of ions and electron holes, as well as the high ionic transport numbers in oxidizing atmospheres and the high electron transport numbers in reducing atmospheres. These results are explained based on defect chemistry and a brick layer model.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)