100% sustainable energy

Sustainable energy has been defined as energy sources that are expected to be depleted in a time frame relevant to the human race [1]. Many investigations have been carried out toward 100% renewable and sustainable energy [2-5]. Mathiesen et al. [6] have studied an integrated transport and renewable energy systems, they concluded that a 100 per cent renewable energy transport development for Denmark is possible without affecting the production of food if biofuels are combined with other technologies. These include savings and efficiency improvements, intermittent resources, electric trains and vehicles, hydrogen technologies and more. It is, however, connected to large challenges in the process towards this goal, requiring multiple measures and integrating transport with the remaining energy system. These challenges can only be met by combining planning for this long term goal, in the shorter term solutions. The 50 per cent energy system for 2030 is a shorter term proposal that enables the transport sector to reach the long term goal. The short-term 2030 energy system enables the later process towards 100 per cent renewable energy and has substantial economic benefits. Blarke and Lund [7] have studied the effectiveness of storage and relocation options in renewable energy systems, they described the future third generation integrated energy systems and how by increasing levels of flexibility will be reached by incorporating the demand for mobility, as well as the expansion of co-generation or tri-generation into quad-generation, for example by adding the facility to produce and store secondary fuels, such as hydrogen or ethanol, from primarily fuels, mainly electricity or waste. This editorial presents the latest developments in sustainable energy and environment. This issue will cover topics such as; Wind, solar, Wave, Bioenergy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell, also different aspects on environment and energy which would lead to 100% sustainable energy.(C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.