Article
Thermodynamics
Junxiong Zeng, Shuai Feng, Chenguang Lai, Jie Song, Lijuan Fu, Hu Chen, Shanqing Deng, Tieyu Gao
Summary: This paper investigates the thermal performance of refrigerant-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) for a real HEV battery pack in both cooling and heating conditions. The heat generation model of battery cells and the numerical methodology for predicting the cooling performance are validated by experiments. The effects of discharging C-rate, mass flow rate, initial temperature, and vapor quality of refrigerant on the battery pack's thermal performance are analyzed in detail. The results show that the discharging C-rate, mass flow rate, and initial temperature have significant impacts on the battery pack's thermal performance, while the effect of vapor quality is limited. The cooling performance of the refrigerant satisfies the requirement of BTMS at the real driving cycle, and the optimum heating power for the battery pack ranges from 400 W to 460 W.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Q. L. Yue, C. X. He, M. C. Wu, J. B. Xu, T. S. Zhao
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional modeling and investigation of a liquid thermal management system for electric vehicle battery packs were conducted. The effects of system structures, coolant flow direction layout, flow rates, and inlet temperatures on thermal performance were explored. The results provide valuable guidance for the development of efficient pack-level liquid battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yizhao Gao, Chong Zhu, Xi Zhang, Bangjun Guo
Summary: In this paper, a control-oriented electrochemical model of lithium-ion batteries is proposed and validated for accurate prediction of battery state and temperature. The model decoupling and verification demonstrate its effectiveness in real-time applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chris White, Lukas G. Swan
Summary: Repurposed electric vehicle (EV) batteries offer an affordable and sustainable alternative to conventional utility-scale battery energy storage systems. This study presents experimental data on the second-life performance of EV batteries from five different manufacturers, revealing significant performance differences due to variations in design. The results highlight the 2019 Tesla Model 3 battery as the top performer in most second-life energy storage applications, while the 2015 BMW i3 battery offers the best profit margins in minimizing energy losses. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers and developers in designing second-life energy storage systems.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Khaled Sehil, Basem Alamri, Mohammed Alqarni, Abdulhafid Sallama, Mohamed Darwish
Summary: This paper examines the specifications of lithium battery cells and associates battery performance with their usage for electrically powered motor vehicles. Through a comparative investigation of lithium cells from different manufacturers, key findings are presented in the conclusion section.
Article
Thermodynamics
Majid Astaneh, Jelena Andric, Lennart Lofdahl, Peter Stopp
Summary: This study presents a dual-stage multiphysics simulation optimization methodology for comprehensive concept design of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs for EV applications. The optimization considers specific energy and maximum temperature as design objectives, resulting in improved battery performance under realistic working scenarios.
Article
Thermodynamics
Peyman Gholamali Zadeh, Ehsan Gholamalizadeh, Yijun Wang, Jae Dong Chung
Summary: Battery capacity fade analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of different battery thermal management systems. The results showed that temperature limit had the least negative impact on battery life, while high temperature led to significant capacity fade. PCM provided a more uniform temperature distribution, but required additional heat dissipation mechanism. PCM combined with liquid cooling channels can meet the temperature requirements and enhance the performance of the battery heat management system.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Turgay Coskun, Erdal Cetkin
Summary: This article introduces a hybrid cold plate for thermal management of electric vehicle batteries and demonstrates through experiments that hybrid cooling can reduce battery temperature and temperature difference, extending battery life. The study also indicates that air cooling is suitable for variable discharge rates, while liquid cooling needs to consider contact resistance. In addition, the proposed hybrid cold plate can also be used for cooling electronic devices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Maryam Ghalkhani, Saeid Habibi
Summary: With the rapid growth of electric vehicles, battery systems design and development have become a focus of research, aiming to improve energy efficiency and thermal performance and optimize battery enclosure designs. The integration of simulation-based design optimization and artificial intelligence/machine learning has shown promising results in enhancing efficiencies in design, manufacturing, and operations of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in battery design, thermal management, and the use of AI in BMS for EVs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Satilmis Tekin, Goker Turkakar
Summary: Placing batteries in PCM-filled containers leads to a thermal imbalance in the pack, but a proposed alternative geometry can solve this issue. The experimentally tested battery pack structure utilizes PCM and consists of 12 LiFePO4 batteries in an aluminum chamber with customized fins. Different PCMs with varying melting temperatures are studied, and the effect on battery pack temperature is observed. The tailor-made finned geometry helps maintain a homogeneous temperature in the cells, ensuring the maximum temperature difference inside the battery pack stays below 5 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Shurong Lei, Song Xin, Shangxiao Liu
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the recent development of separate thermal management solutions for electric vehicles (EVs) and discusses in-depth the state-of-the-art integrated solutions. The benefits and drawbacks of each solution are critically commented, and the challenges faced by EV thermal management solutions and their development trends are presented.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Murugan, A. Saravanan, P. Elumalai, G. Murali, N. R. Dhineshbabu, Pramod Kumar, Asif Afzal
Summary: The thermal management system of lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles has gained significant attention in recent years. China has emerged as a leading country in this field, with Tsinghua University being one of the most renowned research institutions. SAE Technical Papers has been the most prolific journal in publishing articles in this area. This study provides valuable insights into the development trend of the thermal management system of lithium-ion batteries and serves as a valuable resource for budding scholars.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. S. Hossain Lipu, M. A. Hannan, Tahia F. Karim, Aini Hussain, Mohamad Hanif Md Saad, Afida Ayob, Md Sazal Miah, T. M. Indra Mahlia
Summary: The research on battery technology in electric vehicle applications is rapidly advancing globally to address carbon emissions and global warming issues. An effective battery management system is crucial for enhancing battery performance, and this paper aims to review intelligent approaches and control schemes for future sustainable electric vehicle applications.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Huaibin Wang, Shuyu Wang, Xuning Feng, Xuan Zhang, Kangwei Dai, Jun Sheng, Zhenyang Zhao, Zhiming Du, Zelin Zhang, Kai Shen, Chengshan Xu, Qinzheng Wang, Xiaoyu Sun, Yanliang Li, Jiaju Ling, Jiani Feng, Hewu Wang, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: The study aims to explore the thermal characteristics of CTP, with results showing that CTP temperature calibration based on a thermal resistance grid can achieve internal temperature reconstruction, optimize temperature arrangement, and shorten the calibration period by over 60%.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Omer Kalaf, Davut Solyali, Mohammed Asmael, Qasim Zeeshan, Babak Safaei, Alyaseh Askir
Summary: This review paper summarizes recent publications on battery liquid-cooling systems, discussing battery pack design, liquid-cooling system classification, and coolant performance. Additionally, it investigates the properties and applications of different liquid coolants under the classification of liquid-cooling systems and discusses the differences between various cooling systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)