Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Raj K. Goyal
Summary: Research shows that gastric emptying abnormalities in diabetes can lead to postprandial dyspepsia and impaired plasma glucose regulation. Treatment should address whether the emptying is delayed or rapid.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan J. Jalleh, Karen L. Jones, Christopher K. Rayner, Chinmay S. Marathe, Tongzhi Wu, Michael Horowitz
Summary: Gastric emptying plays a significant role in postprandial blood glucose levels and is frequently disordered in individuals with diabetes. Delayed gastric emptying may be linked to upper gastrointestinal symptoms and can cause a mismatch between insulin action and carbohydrate absorption, leading to suboptimal glycemic control.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kirsten Dahl, Ashley Brooks, Firas Almazedi, Tetens Soren Hoff, Cristina Boschini, Tine A. Baekdal
Summary: Oral semaglutide significantly improved both fasting and postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism, and delayed gastric emptying in subjects with type 2 diabetes. However, one serious adverse event (acute myocardial infarction) did occur during the treatment.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
M. Hajishafiee, C. McVeay, K. Lange, J. F. Rehfeld, M. Horowitz, C. Feinle-Bisset
Summary: In healthy men, a combination of C12 and TRP, as well as C12 alone, delayed the rise in blood glucose after consuming a nutrient drink by slowing gastric emptying. TRP had no effect on blood glucose levels in this process.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Chenxi Wu, Lance T. Hall, David C. Brandon
Summary: An 82-year-old man underwent outpatient nuclear medicine gastric-emptying scintigraphy for dysphagia and regurgitation. The scintigraphy showed delayed gastric emptying but subsequent CT scan and upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopy revealed normal stomach size and function, with an enormously dilated esophagus indicating achalasia. It is important to pay attention to the location and shape of the visualized stomach and recognize that a significantly dilated esophagus can mimic an elongated stomach during scintigraphy.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Kamal Maheshwari, Omer Bakal, Kenneth C. Cummings, Guangmei Mao, Eva Rivas, Hesham Elsharkawy, Sree Kolli, Daniel Sessler, Sekar Bhavani
Summary: The severity and duration of diabetes were not associated with preoperative residual gastric volume in this study. Gastric ultrasound can assist in identifying patients with excessive residual volumes even after overnight fasting.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lai Wei, Rajan Singh, Se Eun Ha, Alyce M. Martin, Lauren A. Jones, Byungchang Jin, Brian G. Jorgensen, Hannah Zogg, Tyler Chervo, Andres Gottfried-Blackmore, Linda Nguyen, Aida Habtezion, Nick J. Spencer, Damien J. Keating, Kenton M. Sanders, Seungil Ro
Summary: The study utilized a transgenic mouse line specific to EC cells to investigate the pathophysiologic roles of 5-HT deficiency in gastric motility. Findings indicated a new mechanism of 5-HT deficiency in idiopathic gastroparesis.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yanmin Wang, Xiaomei Guo, Dong Sun, Ghassan S. S. Kassab
Summary: This study found that ileal interposition (IT) surgery prolongs gastrointestinal (GI) emptying time but promotes gut hormone secretion, leading to improved diabetic control.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Sven E. Eriksson, Ping Zheng, Inanc S. Sarici, Xinxin Shen, Blair A. Jobe, Shahin Ayazi
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and outcomes of magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) surgery. It found that mild-to-moderate DGE diminishes surgical outcomes in the short term, but by 1 year, outcomes become comparable and remain stable at 2 years. Severe DGE may result in suboptimal surgical outcomes.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Weilin Liu, Yangyi Jin, Peter J. Wilde, Yingying Hou, Yanping Wang, Jianzhong Han
Summary: Gastric emptying is a crucial process where the stomach releases its contents into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption, with factors such as calories, viscosity, food composition, age and gender playing important roles. In vitro digestion models are essential for studying gastric emptying when in vivo tests are not feasible, and progress in static and dynamic gastric digestion models are highlighted in this review to explore future research trends.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yangyi Jin, Peter J. Wilde, Yingying Hou, Yanping Wang, Jianzhong Han, Weilin Liu
Summary: This article reviews the factors influencing food viscosity and changes in food viscosity during digestion. It also examines the effects of food viscosity on gastric emptying and physiological responses. Additionally, the quantitative relationship between viscosity and gastric emptying is discussed.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shih-Hao Mao, Bor-Shiuan Shyr, Shih-Chin Chen, Shin-E Wang, Yi-Ming Shyr, Bor-Uei Shyr
Summary: The study found that robotic pancreaticouodenectomy (RPD) had a lower incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) compared to open pancreaticouodenectomy (OPD). Nausea/vomiting, jaundice, malignancy, and lymph node involvement were identified as significant risk factors for DGE. Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications were not significantly associated with DGE, but the hospital stay was longer in patients with DGE.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John P. Kirwan, Christopher L. Axelrod, Emily L. Kullman, Steven K. Malin, Wagner S. Dantas, Kathryn Pergola, Juan Pablo del Rincon, Stacy A. Brethauer, Sangeeta R. Kashyap, Philip R. Schauer
Summary: The study showed that patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery experienced significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, fasting glucose and insulin levels, and circulating lipids 2 weeks post-operation. Oral feeding enhanced insulin and incretin secretion after RYGB, while G-tube feeding completely abolished this enhancement, suggesting that foregut exclusion plays a role in improving glucose metabolism after RYGB, but may not be the sole explanation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cong Xie, Weikun Huang, Linda E. Watson, Stijn Soenen, Richard L. Young, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Christopher K. Rayner, Tongzhi Wu
Summary: The study found that gastric emptying is not a determinant of the postprandial GLP-1 response in individuals, but the intrinsic gastric emptying rate is partly determined by the responsiveness of GLP-1 to intestinal nutrients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lea Aigner, Bjoern Becker, Sonja Gerken, Daniel R. Quast, Juris J. Meier, Michael A. Nauck
Summary: The study found that day-to-day variations in fasting plasma glucose do not significantly affect gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes; on the contrary, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with slowed gastric emptying. This contrasts with the impact of rapid glucose fluctuations on gastric emptying.
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tongzhi Wu, Christopher K. Rayner, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Christine Feinle-Bisset, Scott D. Standfield, Cong Xie, Carolyn F. Deacon, Jens J. Holst, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Julie E. Stevens, Ryan J. Jalleh, Laurence G. Trahair, Chinmay S. Marathe, Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones
Summary: This study evaluated the comparative effects of low-carbohydrate, full-strength, and low-alcohol beer on gastric emptying, ethanol absorption, blood glucose, and plasma insulin in healthy individuals. The results showed no difference in gastric emptying between the three types of beer, but lower ethanol levels and higher blood glucose response were observed with low-alcohol beer.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xuyi Wang, Chang Chen, Cong Xie, Weikun Huang, Richard L. Young, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Christopher K. Rayner, Zilin Sun, Tongzhi Wu
Summary: This study found that the serum bile acid response to a 75-g oral glucose load is attenuated in patients with 'early' type 2 diabetes, while in individuals without diabetes it correlates with 2-hour plasma glucose levels.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Miaomiao Sang, Cong Xie, Shanhu Qiu, Xuyi Wang, Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones, Christopher K. Rayner, Zilin Sun, Tongzhi Wu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between cholecystectomy and dysglycaemia in Chinese community-dwelling adults. The findings showed that cholecystectomy was associated with an increased risk of diabetes and prediabetes, as well as a greater risk of deterioration in glycaemic control.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laurence G. Trahair, Michael A. Nauck, Tongzhi Wu, Julie E. Stevens, Madeline D. Buttfield, Seva Hatzinikolas, Hung Pham, Juris J. Meier, Christopher K. Rayner, Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones
Summary: In this study, different methods were compared to assess gastric emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that the breath test analyzed with Wagner-Nelson analysis closely reflected the measurements obtained with scintigraphy, while the conventional breath test analysis had significant differences compared to both methods.
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan J. Jalleh, Tongzhi Wu, Karen L. Jones, Christopher K. Rayner, Michael Horowitz, Chinmay S. Marathe
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between plasma glucose, GLP-1, and insulin secretion and gastric emptying (GE) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The results showed a positive correlation between plasma glucose levels at 30, 60, and 120 minutes and GE, but not at 180 minutes. Multiple regression analysis revealed a weak correlation between plasma glucose at 120 minutes and GE. However, there was no relationship between plasma GLP-1 and GE, and GE did not significantly affect insulin secretion. Further evaluation of this relationship is necessary.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Avneet Oberoi, Caroline Giezenaar, Kylie Lange, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Ian Chapman, Stijn Soenen
Summary: This study found that even with relatively low intake of whey protein, there is a risk of blood pressure decrease in older men.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Avneet Oberoi, Caroline Giezenaar, Rachael S. Rigda, Kylie Lange, Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones, Ian Chapman, Stijn Soenen
Summary: The ingestion of dietary protein with carbohydrates reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in older men and may be a useful strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in older people.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Avneet Oberoi, Caroline Giezenaar, Rachael S. Rigda, Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones, Ian Chapman, Stijn Soenen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of co-ingestion of dietary protein with, or before, carbohydrate on postprandial hyperglycemia in older men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The results showed that simultaneous intake of glucose and whey protein significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations and had a synergistic effect on insulin concentrations in both men with and without T2D. Additionally, gastric emptying was faster in men with T2D. Therefore, whey protein supplementation may be an effective strategy for the prevention and management of T2D in older individuals.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karen L. Jones, Christopher K. Rayner, Michael Horowitz
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan J. Jalleh, Laurence G. Trahair, Tongzhi Wu, Scott Standfield, Christine Feinle-Bisset, Christopher K. Rayner, Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gastric distension on the secretion of GIP and GLP-1 in healthy individuals. The results showed that gastric distension did not significantly stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 and GIP, regardless of the presence or absence of small intestinal nutrients.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cong Xie, Weikun Huang, Yixuan Sun, Chunjie Xiang, Laurence Trahair, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Christopher K. Rayner, Tongzhi Wu
Summary: This study compared the blood glucose, insulin, and incretin responses to intraduodenal glucose infusions in healthy young males and females. The findings showed that women exhibited a significantly higher GLP-1 response compared to men, while their GIP response was similar. This study provides a potential mechanism for the lower risk of diabetes in premenopausal women compared to men.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Ryan J. Jalleh, Karen L. Jones, Michael Nauck, Michael Horowitz
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan Joseph Jalleh, Mahesh Michael Umapathysivam, Mark Philip Plummer, Adam Deane, Karen Louise Jones, Michael Horowitz
Summary: Following bariatric surgery, individuals with post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia show higher responses in GLP-1, GIP, insulin, and C-peptide, and lower levels of HbA(1c).
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan J. Jalleh, Chinmay S. Marathe, Laurence G. Trahair, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz
Summary: The pattern of the plasma glucose response curve during an oral glucose tolerance test is associated with insulin sensitivity/secretion and the risk of progression to diabetes. However, there is no relationship between the glucose response curve and gastric emptying or incretin hormone secretion.
