Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Federico Salas-Lucia, Antonio C. Bianco
Summary: The study indicates that serum T3 levels can accurately predict tissue T3 content and T3 signaling in most tissues, which is of great importance for managing patients with hypothyroidism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sabine Richard, Juan Ren, Frederic Flamant
Summary: Thyroid hormone signaling is important for brain development, particularly for the maturation of GABAergic neurons. Research has focused on understanding the mechanisms by which TH affects GABAergic neurons and the challenges of gene expression studies in this field. Understanding the actions of TH in the developing brain could lead to advancements in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ishrath Mohamed Irshadeen, Sarah L. Walden, Martin Wegener, Vinh X. Truong, Hendrik Frisch, James P. Blinco, Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Summary: This study utilized measuring action spectra to map covalent bond formation and cleavage, revealing that UV/vis spectra fail to accurately predict photochemical reactivity. The research demonstrates that tunable lasers can selectively excite molecules, allowing for in-depth exploration of the mechanisms of photoinduced reactions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Federico Salas-Lucia, Csaba Fekete, Richard Sinko, Peter Egri, Kristof Rada, Yvette Ruska, Balazs Gereben, Antonio C. Bianco
Summary: Thyroid hormone affects brain development, mood, and cognitive functions. A novel pathway of T3 transport and action in neurons has been identified, involving axonal uptake and transport via endosomal/non-degradative lysosomes. This discovery sheds light on the paradox of T3 signaling in the brain.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Alcaide Martin, Steffen Mayerl
Summary: Proper brain development relies on timely availability of thyroid hormone (TH), which requires regulated expression of TH signaling components. Abnormal TH levels and mutations in TH signaling components can have detrimental effects on brain development and neurological functions. The involvement of TH signaling in the development of different neurotransmitter systems has gained attention. This review summarizes the regulation of TH signaling components during brain development and discusses how altered TH signaling compromises the development of specific neuron types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Angela De Stefano, Raffaele Ambrosio, Tommaso Porcelli, Gianfranco Orlandino, Domenico Salvatore, Cristina Luongo
Summary: Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by altered protein turnover, with protein degradation exceeding synthesis, leading to muscle mass loss and weakness. Thyroid hormone plays a key role, regulating TH levels in muscle through deiodinases. Modulation of deiodinases may offer a therapeutic approach for treating muscle atrophy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lauris Evariste, Antoine Mottier, Eric Pinelli, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Florence Mouchet
Summary: The interest in graphene-based nanomaterials (GBMs) is increasing globally due to their innovative applications, but concerns about their potential adverse effects on the environment and endocrine disruption potential are also growing. A study found that graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have different effects on amphibian endocrine systems, with GBMs potentially increasing the bioavailability and toxicity of other pollutants through hormone adsorption. This highlights the need for further research on the environmental impact and potential risks associated with GBMs.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yu-Bo Shi, Shu-Yuan Chen, Ren-Bin Liu
Summary: The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing at a shocking rate, and it has become a worldwide concern. Autophagy is a fundamental biological process in mammals, including humans, where cellular components are degraded and recycled for energy under extreme conditions. Dysregulated autophagy has been found to be involved in thyroid cancer progression, with its effects being bidirectional. Autophagy can be suppressed by therapeutic agents and is considered as a potential target for thyroid cancer treatments. This review provides a summary of autophagy mechanisms and its roles in thyroid cancer, as well as potential autophagy-targeted treatments, aiming to develop novel approaches for cancer control.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard Sinko, Kristof Rada, Anna Kollar, Petra Mohacsik, Miklos Tenk, Csaba Fekete, Balazs Gereben
Summary: Thyroid hormone signaling is important for normal tissue function, and environmental pollutants can disrupt endocrine functions. This study used a mouse model to investigate the effects of two chemical pollutants on thyroid hormone action in different tissues. The results showed that the pollutants had different effects on different tissues, and the mouse model proved to be useful for identifying thyroid hormone disruptors and their tissue-specific effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Georg Sebastian Hoenes, Nina Haerting, Jens Mittag, Frank J. Kaiser
Summary: This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of TR alpha 2, a splice variant of TR alpha that is unable to bind T3. It discusses the proposed mechanisms regulating alternative splicing and the potential antagonistic function of TR alpha 2 in vitro and in vivo. The review also highlights the remaining knowledge gaps and challenges in characterizing TR alpha 2, as well as future strategies to uncover its physiological relevance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Torki A. Zughaibi, Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh, Mohd Amin Beg
Summary: Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in the environment due to human activity can disrupt hormone signaling in the human and animal body systems. This study characterized the potential endocrine-disrupting activity of commonly used phthalate plasticizers, DEHP, and emerging non-phthalate alternate plasticizers, DINCH, ATBC, and DEHA, against the thyroid hormone receptor (TR alpha). Molecular simulations showed that all ligands were stably bound to the TR alpha ligand-binding pocket, with DINCH and ATBC exhibiting higher potential for thyroid dysfunction compared to DEHA and DEHP.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Man Pan, Qingyun Zheng, Tian Wang, Lujun Liang, Junxiong Mao, Chong Zuo, Ruichao Ding, Huasong Ai, Yuan Xie, Dong Si, Yuanyuan Yu, Lei Liu, Minglei Zhao
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism of the N-degron pathway mediated by Ubr1, including key structural elements involved in the initiation and elongation steps of ubiquitination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Georg Sebastian Hoenes, Ramona Gowry Sivakumar, Christoph Hoppe, Joerg Koenig, Dagmar Fuehrer, Lars Christian Moeller
Summary: MGL-3196 is a new thyromimetic agent that activates TR beta with high efficacy through specific transport by OATP1B1, leading to its hepatic thyromimetic action.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katherine L. O'Shaughnessy, Benjamin D. McMichael, Aubrey L. Sasser, Kiersten S. Bell, Cal Riutta, Jermaine L. Ford, Tammy E. Stoker, Rachel D. Grindstaff, Arun R. Pandiri, Mary E. Gilbert
Summary: Thyroid hormone plays an important role in the spatiotemporal control of brain development. Perinatal hypothyroidism causes the formation of periventricular heterotopia in rats, which is preceded by the loss of radial glia cell polarity. In this study, the authors investigated the role of thyroid hormone in cell signaling in the ventricular zone (VZ) by using laser capture microdissection and RNA-Seq. The results showed that hypothyroidism affected various processes in the VZ, including extracellular matrix maintenance, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and cell migration. This study also revealed potential effects of hypothyroidism on the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers in newborns.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorena Tedeschi, Cristina Vassalle, Giorgio Iervasi, Laura Sabatino
Summary: Thyroid hormone receptors play crucial roles in cells, mainly through genomic regulation by binding to nuclear DNA and regulating gene expression, while also functioning through activation of cytosolic pathways.