Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mark H. Oliver, Anne L. Jaquiery, Kristin L. Connor, Hui Hui Phua, Jane E. Harding, Eric B. Thorstensen, Frank H. Bloomfield
Summary: Periconceptional undernutrition affects fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and placental glucocorticoid metabolism in sheep, but its effects on adult offspring are not known. This study found that PCUN did not significantly affect fetal adrenal development and cortisol regulation in adult offspring.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emanuele Capra, Paola Toschi, Marcello Del Corvo, Barbara Lazzari, Alessandra Stella, John Lewis Williams, Pasqualino Loi, Paolo Ajmone Marsan
Summary: Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that maternal nutritional status during early pregnancy may induce long-lasting epigenetic changes in the offspring. This study in sheep found that undernutrition during the periconceptional period resulted in altered CpG methylation in the muscle tissue of adult offspring, potentially impacting cardiac function, muscle physiology, and meat production.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Wisdom Alemya Akurugu, Carel Jacobus Van Heerden, Nicola Mulder, Ekkehard Werner Zollner
Summary: This study found that some SNPs of the CRHR1 and NR3C1 genes are associated with HPAS in asthmatic children, with the C allele of rs41423247 potentially having a protective effect on HPAS, and the CC genotype being associated with the highest PMTP ACTH response.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jody A. Rusch, Brian T. Layden, Lara R. Dugas
Summary: Cognitive function in humans relies on the complex interplay between multiple body systems, including the HPA axis. The gut microbiota, which outnumbers human cells and has a greater genetic potential, plays a crucial role through the MGB axis, a bidirectional communication pathway. Stress can affect the MGB axis through the HPA axis and other pathways, and animal research has contributed to a paradigm shift in understanding the influence of microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently investigating the applicability of these findings in humans.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martin Werdermann, Ilona Berger, Laura D. Scriba, Alice Santambrogio, Pia Schlinkert, Heike Brendel, Henning Morawietz, Andreas Schedl, Mirko Peitzsch, Aileen J. F. King, Cynthia L. Andoniadou, Stefan R. Bornstein, Charlotte Steenblock
Summary: This study investigated the impact of metabolic diseases on progenitor cells in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, showing that insulin enhances proliferation and differentiation of these cells, while chronic metabolic stress leads to hyperactivation of the axis. This suggests a potential link between early life stress and the development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bei Zhou, Qilong Xu, Junjie Guo, Qinliang Chen, Qingqing Lv, Kan Xiao, Huiling Zhu, Jiangchao Zhao, Yulan Liu
Summary: This study investigates the role of necroptosis in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a stress model induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The findings indicate that necroptosis is present and contributes to HPA axis activation induced by LPS. Necroptosis may serve as a potential intervention target for alleviating HPA axis activation and stress responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mojca Jensterle, Rok Herman, Andrej Janez, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Massimo Galia, Su-Yen Goh, Sanjay Kalra, Peter Kempler, Nader Lessan, Paulo Lotufo, Nikolaos Papanas, Ali A. Rizvi, Raul D. Santos, Anca P. Stoian, Peter P. Toth, Vijay Viswanathan, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: The article reviews the rationale for glucocorticoid use in COVID-19 and emphasizes the need to be cautious about glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency. The authors also discuss other mechanisms that may affect HPA axis function and the increased risk and severity of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing HPA axis disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
You Lee Son, Takayoshi Ubuka, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
Summary: Under stressful conditions, the GnIH neuropeptide may play a key role in regulating reproductive function. Different types and durations of stress can modulate the GnIH system, impacting the activity of the HPG axis. GnIH appears to be a potential novel mediator responsible for stress-induced reproductive dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Manxiu Ma, Alyssa A. Brunal, Kareem C. Clark, Carleigh Studtmann, Katelyn Stebbins, Shin-ichi Higashijima, Y. Albert Pan
Summary: The expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus plays a critical role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is involved in the stress response. Through studying zebrafish, researchers identified dscaml1 as an important factor in CRH neuron development and HPA axis function. Mutations in dscaml1 led to increased CRH expression and cell number in hypothalamic CRH neurons, as well as altered stress hormone levels and response to stressors. These findings suggest a role for dscaml1 in stress axis development and its potential contribution to neuropsychiatric disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feiye Wu, Jing Zhu, Yang Wan, Subinuer Kurexi, Jia Zhou, Ke Wang, Tongyu Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its potential mechanisms. The results showed that EA treatment effectively inhibited the hyperactivity of the HPA axis and promoted postoperative recovery by activating the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OXT/OXTR) signaling pathway.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Isabel Crespo-Sanmiguel, Mariola Zapater-Fajari, Matias M. Pulopulos, Vanesa Hidalgo, Alicia Salvador
Summary: The study found that early life stress (ELS) is associated with perceived stress, but not with HPA axis functioning. Loneliness mediates the relationship between ELS and perceived stress, but not between ELS and HPA axis functioning.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christina Tatsi, Megan Neely, Chelsi Flippo, Maria-Eleni Bompou, Meg Keil, Constantine A. Stratakis
Summary: The recovery of adrenal function in pediatric patients with CD after TSS may not be influenced by most clinical and biochemical factors, except for an increase in urinary free cortisol which may prolong the recovery time. Patients who recover adrenal function earlier are at a higher risk for CD recurrence, highlighting the importance of close follow-up and counseling for these patients.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Agnes Martin, Josiane Castells, Valentine Allibert, Andrea Emerit, Cindy Zolotoff, Victoire Cardot-Ruffino, Yann S. Gallot, Barbara Vernus, Veronique Chauvet, Laurent Bartholin, Laurent Schaeffer, Anne-Cecile Durieux, Christophe Hourde, Francois B. Favier, Laetitia Mazelin, Damien Freyssenet
Summary: This study found that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-glucocorticoid pathway plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle catabolism and hepatic metabolism during cancer cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wrivu N. Martin, Carol A. Wang, Stephen J. Lye, Stephen G. Matthews, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Carly E. McLaughlin, Roger Smith, Craig E. Pennell
Summary: The study found an inverse linear relationship between fetal growth and HPA-A function at age 18, with no consistent quadratic relationships identified. Removal of anticipatory responders from the models substantially attenuated the observed relationships. This suggests altered adrenal sensitivity may underlie the relationship.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wrivu N. Martin, Carol A. Wang, Stephen J. Lye, Stephen G. Matthews, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Carly E. McLaughlin, Roger Smith, Craig E. Pennell
Summary: A study found an inverse linear relationship between fetal growth and HPA-A function at the age of 18, which may be related to altered adrenal sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Mariana Muelbert, Laura Galante, Tanith Alexander, Jane E. Harding, Chris Pook, Frank H. Bloomfield
Summary: This study found that sensory-active volatile fatty acids are major contributors to the smell of preterm breastmilk and are influenced by the lactation stage and maternal characteristics. The concentration of medium-chain fatty acids was higher in colostrum compared to transitional breastmilk, and this concentration was associated with socioeconomic status, gestational diabetes, and ethnicity. Longitudinal analysis showed that fatty acids increased with advancing lactation.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Sophie L. St Clair, Jane E. Harding, Justin M. O'Sullivan, Gregory D. Gamble, Jane M. Alsweiler, Tommi Vatanen, H. P. O. D. Study Group
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dextrose gel on the neonatal gut microbiome, showing no impact on the microbiome. Mode of birth, type of milk fed, hospital of birth, and ethnicity were associated with differences in the neonatal microbiome.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Aakash B. Rajay, Jane E. Harding
Summary: There is wide variation in guideline recommendations for the management of neonatal hypoglycaemia across New Zealand and Australian neonatal units, including differences in diagnostic thresholds, monitoring methods, and treatment protocols.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Deborah L. Harris, Greg D. Gamble, Jane E. Harding
Summary: Treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia with dextrose gel does not increase the rate of neurosensory impairment, but further assessment of visual processing and growth may be warranted.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Esther Calje, Joy Marriott, Charlotte Oyston, Lesley Dixon, Frank Bloomfield, Katie Groom
Summary: This study reports the incidence of postpartum anaemia in three district health board regions in New Zealand and describes the current management of moderate to severe postpartum anaemia, including differences among different ethnicities.
AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryan Jim San Diego, Nike Franke, Jane Elizabeth Harding, Trecia Ann Wouldes
Summary: Executive function is an important neurocognitive process for self-regulation of behavior and acquisition of social and cognitive competencies. While there are valid measures for adult and adolescent executive function, there is a lack of valid measures for preschool children. This study evaluated the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in New Zealand Maori and European parents of children with neonatal hypoglycemia. The results showed that the BRIEF-P is a highly reliable and valid instrument.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jane E. Harding, Aakash Bajirao Rajay, Jane Marie Alsweiler, Gavin Brown, Caroline Anne Crowther, Nike Franke, Greg Gamble, Christopher McKinlay, Barry Milne, Jenny Rogers, Trecia Wouldes
Summary: The ACORN trial aims to assess the impact of different approaches to seeking consent on the rates of data linkage consent in school-age children who participated in neonatal randomised trials. The study will use generalised linear models to test the effects of different factors.
Article
Pediatrics
Anthony G. B. Walters, Luling Lin, Caroline A. Crowther, Greg D. Gamble, Stuart R. Dalziel, Jane E. Harding
Summary: The objective of this study was to present the complete results of the first randomized trial of antenatal corticosteroids conducted 50 years ago using modern analysis and reporting methods. The results showed that antenatal betamethasone administered to women at risk of preterm birth between 24 and less than 37 weeks of gestation significantly reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, with greater efficacy in male infants than female infants. Doubling the dose of betamethasone does not provide additional benefit.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Sophie L. St Clair, Darren W. T. Dai, Deborah L. Harris, Gregory D. Gamble, Christopher J. D. McKinlay, Samson Nivins, Rajesh K. Shah, Benjamin Thompson, Jane E. Harding
Summary: In the treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia, dextrose gel is safe and effective, but at 9-10 years old, children in the dextrose gel group had slightly lower visual perception abilities compared to the placebo group.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Robyn W. May, Gonzalo Maso D. Talou, Alys R. Clark, Jonathan P. Mynard, Joseph J. Smolich, Pablo J. Blanco, Lucas O. Mueller, Thomas L. Gentles, Frank H. Bloomfield, Soroush Safaei
Summary: Computational modeling is widely used in the study of cardiovascular hemodynamics for medical research and improving the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most existing cardiovascular models focus on the adult circulatory system, but the perinatal period is unique as cardiovascular physiology undergoes significant changes. This review discusses computational models of the cardiovascular system in early life, their applications, and proposes a roadmap for developing an open-source model spanning fetal, perinatal, and postnatal periods.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Meiliana Meiliana, Tanith Alexander, Frank H. Bloomfield, Barbara E. Cormack, Jane E. Harding, Orla Walsh, Luling Lin
Summary: There is currently a lack of high-quality and consistent nutrition guidelines for preterm infants, which leads to substantial variation in practice.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mukhit Kulmaganbetov, Myra Leung, Jane M. Alsweiler, Joanna Black, Frank H. Bloomfield, Greg D. Gamble, Jane E. Harding, Yannan Jiang, Tanya Poppe, Anna C. Tottman, Trecia A. Wouldes, Benjamin Thompson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effect of increased protein intake on ophthalmic and visual development in school-age children born very preterm. The results showed that there were subtle and complex associations between early neonatal nutrition and visual development at school age.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Nike Franke, Trecia Ann Wouldes, Gavin Thomas Lumsden Brown, Kim Ward, Jenny Rogers, Jane E. Harding
Summary: This study explores the views of young adults on their participation in medical research during childhood, specifically focusing on the acceptability of consent and their priorities regarding health, development, and well-being as potential trial outcomes. The findings indicate that participants were comfortable with their parents giving consent on their behalf, but highlighted the challenges of obtaining autonomous child assent. They generally expressed satisfaction with the outcomes investigated in the follow-up studies, while also suggesting additional outcomes of interest such as mental health and learning disabilities.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Fiona Quirke, Shabina Ariff, Malcolm Battin, Caitlin Bernard, Frank H. Bloomfield, Mandy Daly, Declan Devane, David M. Haas, Patricia Healy, Tim Hurley, Vincent Kibet, Jamie J. Kirkham, Sarah Koskei, Shireen Meher, Eleanor Molloy, Maira Niaz, Elaine Ni Bhraonain, Christabell Omukagah Okaronon, Farhana Tabassum, Karen Walker, Linda Biesty
Summary: This study identified important outcomes for parents or caregivers of infants diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy or birth asphyxia. The findings provide insights into the development of a core outcome set for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy and highlight the inclusion of participants from both high-income and low- to middle-income countries.
BMJ PAEDIATRICS OPEN
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Eamon P. G. Walsh, Jane M. Alsweiler, Julena Ardern, Sara M. Hanning, Jane E. Harding, Christopher J. D. McKinlay
Summary: There is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy and safety of glucagon for the treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia. Current evidence suggests that glucagon may increase blood glucose levels, but recurrent hypoglycemia is common. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the role of glucagon in managing neonatal hypoglycemia.