Article
Food Science & Technology
Callum J. Vidor, Audrey Hamiot, Jessica Wisniewski, Rommel A. Mathias, Bruno Dupuy, Milena Awad, Dena Lyras
Summary: Protein secretion in bacteria is usually mediated by distinct pathways, and there is evidence of a novel secretion pathway involving bacteriophage-related proteins. Different bacteria may use different holin-like proteins to release toxins through specific mechanisms.
Review
Microbiology
Anna Shaliutina-Loginova, Olivera Francetic, Pavel Dolezal
Summary: Bacteria have evolved sophisticated protein secretion nanomachines over billions of years to deliver toxins, enzymes, and proteins. The type II secretion system (T2SS) is used by Gram-negative bacteria to export folded proteins across the outer membrane. Recent findings have shown that components of the T2SS can be found in the mitochondria of certain eukaryotic lineages, suggesting the presence of a mitochondrial T2SS-derived system (miT2SS). This review discusses recent advances in the field and raises questions about the function and evolution of miT2SSs.
Article
Microbiology
Xiaoyu Liu, Zhe Chen, Xuyao Jiao, Xukai Jiang, Jicheng Qiu, Fuping You, Hongan Long, Hongzhi Cao, Casey C. Fowler, Xiang Gao
Summary: This study reveals how the human-adapted bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi produces two distinct versions of typhoid toxin and explores the differences in structure and receptor specificity between these two toxins. The study also shows that the two toxins have different glycan-binding properties, resulting in distinct functional traits.
Article
Microbiology
Xiaoyu Liu, Zhe Chen, Xuyao Jiao, Xukai Jiang, Jicheng Qiu, Fuping You, Hongan Long, Hongzhi Cao, Casey C. Fowler, Xiang Gao
Summary: This study reveals that typhoid toxin has different versions, PltB and PltC are unable to form heteromeric delivery complexes and therefore form separate toxins, PltC exhibits stronger electrostatic interactions with PltA, enabling it to outcompete PltB in toxin assembly, and PltB and PltC exhibit significant differences in glycan binding specificity.
Article
Immunology
Mila Shakya, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: Low- and middle-income countries have a high burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever due to poor water quality and inadequate sanitation. WHO recommends TCV and Gavi supports its introduction, with 2 WHO-prequalified TCVs currently available. Considering disease burden, countries should assess and consider introducing TCV for programmatic use.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Han Wang, Guojun Chen, Hongbin Li
Summary: The folding of the RTX block-iv in adenylate cyclase is templated by the folded RTX block-v, which allows rapid folding and significant mutual stabilization. This finding provides insights into the mechanism of transmitting the folding signal within the RTX domain.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Timothy A. Klein, Dirk W. Grebenc, Prakhar Y. Shah, Owen D. McArthur, Brandon H. Dickson, Michael G. Surette, Youngchang Kim, John C. Whitney
Summary: Type VIIb secretion systems (T7SSb) are utilized by various Gram-positive bacteria to facilitate interbacterial killing and pathogenesis through the secretion of toxins. This study discovered two new protein families, Lap1 and Lap2, that interact with these toxins and are essential for their secretion, providing new insights into T7SSb-dependent toxin release from Gram-positive bacteria.
Article
Biology
Shu-Jung Chang, Yu-Ting Hsu, Yun Chen, Yen-Yi Lin, Maria Lara-Tejero, Jorge E. Galan
Summary: Typhoid toxin, produced by Salmonella Typhi within host cells, is transported to the extracellular space through vesicle carriers. The sorting receptor and cellular machinery involved in the packaging and transport of typhoid toxin have been identified. Specific effectors of type III protein secretion systems determine the formation of typhoid toxin carriers in the Salmonella Typhi-containing vacuole. Rab11B, Rip11, VAMP7, SNAP23, and Syntaxin 4 play important roles in the intracellular transport and fusion of the toxin carriers.
Review
Immunology
Hazel Mak, Teresa L. M. Thurston
Summary: Bacterial effector proteins, delivered into host cells, modulate host cellular processes through unique structures or biochemical activities. Despite lacking structural or sequence homology, effectors with shared biochemical activities may have evolved structural variations. Effector proteins display diverse biochemical properties that interfere with eukaryotic signaling pathways, supporting bacterial pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Pavla Stojkova, Petra Spidlova
Summary: HU protein, a member of the nucleoid-associated protein family, plays a crucial role in regulating bacterial virulence, pathogenesis, and survival. Recent studies suggest that HU protein may not only exist inside bacteria but also be secreted outside bacteria and even enter host cells. However, its specific role in host cells is still not well understood and further research is needed.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Adaobi Ojiakor, Rachel N. Gibbs, Zhe Chen, Xiang Gao, Casey C. Fowler
Summary: Salmonella enterica is a diverse species of bacterial pathogens, with >2,500 serovars. Two types of AB(5) toxins, typhoid toxin and ArtAB toxin, contribute to the virulence of Salmonella strains. There are two types of artAB-like genetic elements, artAB elements that encode ArtAB toxins and pltC elements that encode PltC as an alternative delivery subunit for typhoid toxin. The diversity of artAB-like genetic elements is mediated by prophages and mutations in the B subunits fine-tuning the glycan binding pockets.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Samir K. Saha, Nazifa Tabassum, Senjuti Saha
Summary: Typhoid is endemic in many countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, putting a high burden on their health systems. With increasing antimicrobial resistance in treating typhoid, rapid implementation of typhoid conjugate vaccines is essential to reduce the burden of the disease.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Farhana Khanam, Allen G. Ross, Nigel A. J. McMillan, Firdausi Qadri
Summary: Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi causes typhoid fever globally, with a high burden of cases and deaths in areas with poor water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure. Inadequate diagnostic methods and antibiotic-resistant strains contribute to serious complications in patients, while asymptomatic carriers also play a role in transmission.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Adrian Macion, Agnieszka Wyszynska, Renata Godlewska
Summary: Pathogenic bacteria interact with host cells via surface components like adhesins during colonization, and use virulence factors like invasins and toxins to damage cells. Bacteria have developed secretion systems to transport proteins, and there is also a new system using membrane vesicles for protein delivery.
Article
Immunology
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Farhana Khanam, Faisal Ahmmed, Justin Im, Taufiqul Islam, Deok Ryun Kim, Sophie S. Y. Kang, Xinxue Liu, Fahima Chowdhury, Tasnuva Ahmed, Asma Binte Aziz, Masuma Hoque, Juyeon Park, Gideok Pak, Khalequ Zaman, Ashraful Islam Khan, Andrew J. Pollard, Jerome H. Kim, Florian Marks, Firdausi Qadri, John D. Clemens
Summary: Improvements in WASH and vaccination using TCVs can effectively reduce the risk of typhoid fever.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy K. Lu, Srinivasan Chandrasegaran, Helene Hodak
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2016)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helene Hodak
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alexandre Wohlkoenig, Helene Hodak, Bernard Clantin, Magalie Senechal, Coralie Bompard, Francoise Jacob-Dubuisson, Vincent Villeret
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2008)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helene Hodak, Alexandre Wohlkonig, Caroline Smet-Nocca, Herve Drobecq, Jean-Michel Wieruszeski, Magalie Senechal, Isabelle Landrieu, Camille Locht, Marc Jamin, Francoise Jacob-Dubuisson
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2008)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helene Hodak
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bernard Clantin, Cedric Leyrat, Alex Wohlkoenig, Helene Hodak, Euripedes de Almeida Ribeiro, Nicolas Martinez, Catherine Baud, Caroline Smet-Nocca, Vincent Villeret, Francoise Jacob-Dubuisson, Marc Jamin
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2010)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
C. Baud, H. Hodak, E. Willery, H. Drobecq, C. Locht, M. Jamin, F. Jacob-Dubuisson
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2009)
Review
Microbiology
Helene Hodak, Francoise Jacob-Dubuisson
RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2007)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helene Hodak, Bernard Clantin, Eve Willery, Vincent Villeret, Camille Locht, Francoise Jacob-Dubuisson
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2006)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
AC Méli, H Hodak, B Clantin, C Locht, G Molle, F Jacob-Dubuisson, N Saint
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2006)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
B Clantin, H Hodak, E Willery, C Locht, F Jacob-Dubuisson, V Villeret
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2004)