Article
Cell Biology
Rafael A. Casuso, Saad Al Fazazi, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ojeda, Julio Plaza-Diaz, Ascension Rueda-Robles, Jeronimo Aragon-Vela, Jesus R. Huertas
Summary: The study tested whether supplementing hydroxytyrosol, the main polyphenol in olive oil, during exercise would modify the molecular regulators of glucose uptake. Results showed that a low-to-moderate dose of hydroxytyrosol might alter the beneficial effect of training on basal AKT phosphorylation and Rac1 activity in rats.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Erik A. Richter
Summary: Exercise in humans greatly increases muscle glucose uptake, but the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane only doubles, indicating a significant disparity. This could be due to underestimated measurements or an increase in GLUT4 intrinsic activity during exercise.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Man Piu Chan, Nobuyuki Takenaka, Takaya Satoh
Summary: Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is impaired in Lep(ob/ob) mouse model due to the complete inhibition of Akt2-mediated activation of Rac1 and partial inhibition of RalA activation downstream of Rac1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lisbeth L. V. Moller, Mona S. Ali, Jonathan Davey, Steffen H. Raun, Nicoline R. Andersen, Jonathan Z. Long, Hongwei Qian, Jacob F. Jeppesen, Carlos Henriquez- Olguin, Emma Frank, Thomas E. Jensen, Kurt Hojlund, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Joachim Nielsen, Tim T. Chiu, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Paul Gregorevic, Amira Klip, Erik A. Richter, Lykke Sylow
Summary: RhoGDIα is identified as a key regulator in controlling skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by interacting with Rac1 and modulating GLUT4 translocation. Overexpression of RhoGDIα impairs insulin action and glucose tolerance, and elevated RhoGDIα protein content is observed in skeletal muscles of insulin-resistant patients with type 2 diabetes. This study highlights the clinical relevance of RhoGDIα as a controller of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose homeostasis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manting Ma, Bolin Cai, Shaofen Kong, Zhen Zhou, Jing Zhang, Xiquan Zhang, Qinghua Nie
Summary: This study reveals the role of PPARGC1A in chicken muscle, showing that it affects muscle quality and muscle mass through regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle metabolism. The expression level of PPARGC1A is regulated by miR-193b-3p. These findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic regulation of chicken skeletal muscle development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ching-Chia Wang, Huang-Jen Chen, Ding-Cheng Chan, Chen-Yuan Chiu, Shing-Hwa Liu, Kuo-Cheng Lan
Summary: The study found that acrolein exposure led to increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in mice. It also showed that acrolein treatment decreased the expression of GLUT4 in both mouse soleus muscles and C2C12 myotubes, as well as suppressed phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals. Additionally, over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shawna L. L. McMillin, Parker L. L. Evans, William M. M. Taylor, Luke A. A. Weyrauch, Tyler J. J. Sermersheim, Steven S. S. Welc, Monique R. R. Heitmeier, Richard C. C. Hresko, Paul W. W. Hruz, Francoise Koumanov, Geoffrey D. D. Holman, E. Dale Abel, Carol A. A. Witczak
Summary: The study found that GLUT1 does not mediate basal muscle glucose uptake and suggests the existence of a novel glucose transport mechanism for overload-stimulated glucose uptake.
Article
Orthopedics
Ching-Fang Hu, Carl Pai-Chu Chen, Po-Hsiang Tsui, Chiao-Nan Chen, Chih-Chin Hsu
Summary: This research studied the antifibrotic and myogenic responses of injured muscles to stretching exercise, and confirmed the feasibility of using ultrasonic Nakagami parametric index (NPI) to assess muscle morphology. Stretching can decrease muscle fibrosis and promote myogenesis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas A. Hulett, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Jane E. B. Reusch
Summary: This review examines the physiological mechanisms of glucose uptake in healthy individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes, highlighting insulin resistance as a key factor. The review also emphasizes the importance of exercise in enhancing glucose uptake.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Asghar Ali, Eduard Murani, Frieder Hadlich, Xuan Liu, Klaus Wimmers, Siriluck Ponsuksili
Summary: The study identified 13 miRNAs in the pig fetus's longissimus dorsi muscle significantly correlated to fetal weight, with their expression decreasing as fetal weight increased. Additionally, 1315 genes were found to be significantly correlated to fetal weight at 63 days post conception, with 135 genes identified as potential targets of the miRNAs mentioned above.Paths and biological processes important for fetal growth, development, and metabolism were enriched by these miRNAs and their target genes, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for prenatal fetal health and growth.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paola A. Ramos, Kelli A. Lytle, Danae Delivanis, Soren Nielsen, Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Michael D. Jensen
Summary: The study found that there were no defects in insulin receptor signaling at the Akt/AS160 level in the muscles of obese individuals, indicating uncertainties in the mechanism of muscle insulin resistance in obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Natalie J. Norman, Joyce Ghali, Tatiana L. Radzyukevich, Judith A. Heiny, Julio Landero-Figueroa
Summary: We developed a sensitive method using ICP-MS to simultaneously measure 13C-labeled glucose and rubidium in biological samples. The method extracts the analytes from mammalian tissues using probe-assisted ultra-sonication with water. The method achieves a stable 13C/12C signal without spectral interferences and can detect 60μM of 13C-labeled glucose in biological tissues.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samaneh Eickelschulte, Sonja Hartwig, Ben Leiser, Stefan Lehr, Viola Joschko, Manopriya Chokkalingam, Alexandra Chadt, Hadi Al-Hasani
Summary: TBC1D4 is a multidomain Rab GTPase-activating protein that plays a role in GLUT4 trafficking. Phosphorylation by AKT and AMPK does not affect enzymatic activity but disrupts interaction with other proteins. Insulin and contraction regulate TBC1D4 primarily by disrupting recruitment to GLUT4 vesicles.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ian M. Williams, David H. Wasserman
Summary: The transport from microcirculation to muscle interstitium is the rate-limiting step for skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Capillary endothelium acts as a barrier that delays muscle insulin action. The number of perfused capillaries and the permeability of capillary walls to insulin determine muscle insulin access.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabetta Brunello, Lorenzo Marcucci, Malcolm Irving, Luca Fusi
Summary: The contraction of skeletal muscle is initiated by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, causing a change in the structure of actin-containing thin filaments that allows binding of myosin motors from the thick filaments. The release of folded motors is triggered by thick filament stress, suggesting a positive feedback loop. This study reveals the coordination of thin and thick filament activation mechanisms and the coupling of these mechanisms through positive feedback loops, achieving rapid cooperative activation of skeletal muscle.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Carmen Radeke, Raphael Pons, Marko Mihajlovic, Jonas R. Knudsen, Sarkhan Butdayev, Paul J. Kempen, Charis-Patricia Segeritz, Thomas L. Andresen, Christian K. Pehmoller, Thomas E. Jensen, Johan U. Lind
Summary: In order to achieve the automated fabrication of complex tissue mimicking constructs through 3D bioprinting, it is necessary to develop bioinks that are not only printable and biocompatible but also have integrated cell-instructive properties. Here, we present a scalable technique for generating nanofiber 3D printing inks with unique tissue-guiding capabilities. By tailoring the size and dispersibility of cellulose fibrils, we are able to create nanofibers that match the size and dimensions of natural collagen fibers, allowing for the orientation of cells and the spatial organization of engineered tissues during printing.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Irazoki, Isabel Gordaliza-Alaguero, Emma Frank, Nikolaos Nikiforos Giakoumakis, Jordi Seco, Manuel Palacin, Anna Guma, Lykke Sylow, David Sebastian, Antonio Zorzano
Summary: Some forms of mitochondrial dysfunction induce sterile inflammation through mitochondrial DNA recognition by intracellular DNA sensors. Opposite mitochondrial morphologies induce distinct inflammatory signatures, caused by differential activation of DNA sensors TLR9 or cGAS. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial fragmentation promotes TLR9-dependent inflammation, muscle atrophy, reduced physical performance and enhanced IL6 response to exercise, which improved upon chronic anti-inflammatory treatment.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Joan M. M. Marmol, Michala Carlsson, Steffen H. H. Raun, Mia K. K. Grand, Jonas Sorensen, Louise Lang Lehrskov, Erik A. A. Richter, Ole Norgaard, Lykke Sylow
Summary: Background: Insulin resistance is common in cancer patients and is associated with higher recurrence rates and reduced survival. However, it is unclear how frequently this condition occurs in patients with cancer. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess insulin resistance in cancer patients. Fifteen studies were included, showing that cancer patients have significantly lower insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates compared to control subjects. Interpretation: These findings highlight the importance of addressing insulin resistance in cancer patients to improve outcomes and patient care.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dominik Lutter, Stephan Sachs, Marc Walter, Anna Kerege, Leigh Perreault, Darcy E. Kahn, Amare D. Wolide, Maximilian Kleinert, Bryan C. Bergman, Susanna M. Hofmann
Summary: This study identifies potential candidate genes for predicting diabetes risk and intervention response through gene expression profiling, thus improving early prediction of diabetes risk and intervention effectiveness.
Article
Biology
Jonas R. Knudsen, Kaspar W. Persson, Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Zhencheng Li, Nicolas Di Leo, Sofie A. Hesselager, Steffen H. Raun, Janne R. Hingst, Raphael Trouillon, Martin Wohlwend, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Martin A. M. Gijs, Thomas Elbenhardt Jensen, Michael Czech
Summary: Microtubules play a crucial role in GLUT4 trafficking and maintaining an insulin-responsive GLUT4 pool in skeletal muscle fibers. Disruption of microtubules impairs long-range GLUT4 movement and decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Kinesin-1-mediated trafficking is essential for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Josephine M. Kanta, Luisa Deisen, Kornelia Johann, Stephanie Holm, Annemarie Lundsgaard, Jens Lund, Markus Jaehnert, Annette Schuermann, Christoffer Clemmensen, Bente Kiens, Andreas M. Fritzen, Maximilian Kleinert
Summary: This study found that medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) can reduce food intake in rodents and humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. It was discovered that MCFAs trigger the release of hepatic factors that reduce appetite. MCFAs intake increases circulating GDF15 levels and requires the GDF15-GFRAL axis for its anorectic effect.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jens Lund, Alberte Wollesen Breum, Claudia Gil, Sarah Falk, Frederike Sass, Marie Sophie Isidor, Oksana Dmytriyeva, Pablo Ranea-Robles, Cecilie Vad Mathiesen, Astrid Linde Basse, Olivia Sveidahl Johansen, Nicole Fadahunsi, Camilla Lund, Trine Sand Nicolaisen, Anders Bue Klein, Tao Ma, Brice Emanuelli, Maximilian Kleinert, Charlotte Mehlin Sorensen, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Christoffer Clemmensen
Summary: Lactate is a metabolite that affects energy balance, but its effects have been confounded by hypertonic injection solutions. This study highlights the importance of considering osmolarity and counterions in metabolite research.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anders Bue Klein, Pablo Ranea-Robles, Trine Sand Nicolaisen, Claudia Gil, Kornelia Johann, Julia Prats Quesada, Nina Pistolevij, Kathrine V. R. Hviid, Line Fich, Simone M. Offersen, Jorn Wulff Helge, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Jaco Bakker, Maximilian Kleinert, Christoffer Clemmensen
Summary: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-induced cytokine that may play a potential role in pregnancy. While mice and rats have a limited response to pregnancy, macaques and humans exhibit significant increases in GDF15 levels. These species-specific findings provide valuable insights for future research on GDF15 in pregnancy and for developing pharmacological strategies to treat severe nausea and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Kim A. Sjoberg, Casper M. Sigvardsen, Abdiel Alvarado-Diaz, Nicoline Resen Andersen, Mark Larance, Randy J. Seeley, Peter Schjerling, Jakob G. Knudsen, Georgios Katzilieris-Petras, Christoffer Clemmensen, Sebastian Beck Jorgensen, Katrien De Bock, Erik A. Richter
Summary: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) improves insulin action in obese rodents without weight loss by enhancing suppression of glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in adipose tissue and liver. This effect is mediated by GFRAL receptor and 0-adrenergic signaling. GDF15 also reduces glucagon levels independently of the GFRAL receptor.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lisbeth L. V. Moller, Mona S. Ali, Jonathan Davey, Steffen H. Raun, Nicoline R. Andersen, Jonathan Z. Long, Hongwei Qian, Jacob F. Jeppesen, Carlos Henriquez- Olguin, Emma Frank, Thomas E. Jensen, Kurt Hojlund, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Joachim Nielsen, Tim T. Chiu, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Paul Gregorevic, Amira Klip, Erik A. Richter, Lykke Sylow
Summary: RhoGDIα is identified as a key regulator in controlling skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by interacting with Rac1 and modulating GLUT4 translocation. Overexpression of RhoGDIα impairs insulin action and glucose tolerance, and elevated RhoGDIα protein content is observed in skeletal muscles of insulin-resistant patients with type 2 diabetes. This study highlights the clinical relevance of RhoGDIα as a controller of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose homeostasis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Roberto Meneses-Valdes, Steffen H. Raun, Samantha Gallero, Jonas R. Knudsen, Zhencheng Li, Jingwen Li, Lykke Sylow, Enrique Jaimovich, Thomas E. Jensen
Summary: The study investigates the role of NOX2 in the interaction between diet-induced insulin resistance and exercise training in skeletal muscle. The results suggest that NOX2 deficiency worsens the effects of a high-fat diet on body weight, body composition, and glucose intolerance. Additionally, the lack of NOX2 activity during exercise training reduces several metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. C. Phung Pham, Lucile Dollet, Mona S. Ali, Steffen H. Raun, Lisbeth L. V. Moller, Abbas Jafari, Nicholas Ditzel, Nicoline R. Andersen, Andreas M. Fritzen, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Bente Kiens, Anu Suomalainen, Stephen J. Simpson, Morten Salling Olsen, Arnd Kieser, Peter Schjerling, Anni I. Nieminen, Erik A. Richter, Essi Havula, Lykke Sylow
Summary: Studies have found that the TNIK gene plays an important role in regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis in fruit flies and mice. Loss of the TNIK gene in fruit flies and mice resulted in changes in metabolite profiles and impaired lipogenesis. Additionally, TNIK gene variants were found to be associated with blood glucose, HbA1c, body mass index, body fat percentage, and feeding behavior.