Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wyatt A. Behn, Zachary J. Krebs, Keenan J. Smith, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Victor W. Brar
Summary: The study investigates the carrier-dependent potential of a quantum dot in a graphene/hBN heterostructure using KPFM and STS techniques. Results show a nonlinear dependence of graphene's work function on carrier density, affecting the energy levels in the quantum dot and quasi-bound states. The methodology provides a self-consistent way to determine the quasiparticle response to the electrostatic potential.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hao Zhang, Haibo Gao, Junyuan Geng, Xianghe Meng, Hui Xie
Summary: This article presents a torsional harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy (TH-KPFM) working in amplitude modulation (AM) mode for high-sensitivity mapping of surface potential (SP). TH-KPFM can effectively suppress the artifacts induced by the cantilever homogenization effect and coupling crosstalk caused by topography measurement. It has higher potential sensitivity and scanning speed compared to traditional AM-KPFM.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Devon S. Jakob, Nengxu Li, Huanping Zhou, Xiaoji G. Xu
Summary: This article introduces a novel method to generate Coulombic force in KPFM, increasing the spatial resolution to approximately 25 nm. By integrating PiFM, high spatial resolution chemical distributions and surface potential maps can be obtained concurrently. This is expected to facilitate characterizations of nanoscale electrical properties of photoactive materials, semiconductors, and ferroelectric materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Patrick Gruenewald, Niclas Hautz, Christian Motz
Summary: A full understanding of hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms requires knowledge of local hydrogen distribution. Grain boundaries are one of the microstructural features where hydrogen segregates, leading to a transition from transgranular to intergranular fracture. The type of grain boundary affects the segregated hydrogen and its diffusion rates. Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) is a tool that can qualitatively measure local hydrogen contents, and potentially quantitatively in the future. This study uses SKPFM to detect hydrogen at grain boundaries in situ in a permeation setup, and investigates the influence of operation mode and atmosphere on the Contact Potential Difference V-CPD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ryo Izumi, Masato Miyazaki, Yan Jun Li, Yasuhiro Sugawara
Summary: The recently proposed high-low Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) allows for the evaluation of semiconductor interface states with high spatial resolution using high and low AC bias frequencies. This is important for assessing the energy spectrum of interface state density in semiconductor devices. In this study, a method called high-low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy (high-low KPFS) is proposed, which measures the interface state density inside semiconductors using high and low-frequency AC bias voltages. Preliminary experiments on ion-implanted silicon surfaces confirmed the dependence of electrostatic force on AC bias voltage frequency and obtained the interface state density.
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Ke Li, Hang Yin, Chi Song, Ming Hu, Shun Wang, Pengshun Luo, Zebing Zhou
Summary: The patch effect plays a crucial role in ultra-sensitive experiments involving closely spaced conducting surfaces. In this study, a method based on single- and double-frequency signal injection modes was proposed to improve the measurement precision and efficiency by optimizing the amplitude and frequency of the injected signal in the probe.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maki Hiraoka, Nobuyuki Ishida, Akio Matsushita, Ryusuke Uchida, Takeyuki Sekimoto, Teruaki Yamamoto, Taisuke Matsui, Yukihiro Kaneko, Kenjiro Miyano, Masatoshi Yanagida, Yasuhiro Shirai
Summary: Kelvin probe force microscopy was used to monitor the potential profile in lead-halide perovskite photovoltaic cells. By studying various devices under different conditions, quantitative profile features were deduced and used to compare against numerical calculations. The technique was applied to devices before and after degradation, allowing the identification of degraded components and inference of performance loss sources.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tuan-Hoang Tran, Raul D. Rodriguez, Marco Salerno, Aleksandar Matkovic, Christian Teichert, Evgeniya Sheremet
Summary: Freshly cleaved HOPG shows time-evolving domains with surface potential contrast, attributed to locally different hydrocarbon adsorption driven by structural defects likely related to rotational mismatch. Raman spectroscopy results support the hypothesis of bilayer graphene behavior due to broken symmetry at the top surface. This indicates that the chemical and electrical properties of HOPG are more complex than generally believed.
Article
Energy & Fuels
C-S Jiang, D. Albin, M. Nardone, K. J. Howard, A. Danielson, A. Munshi, T. Shimpi, C. Xiao, H. R. Moutinho, M. M. Al-Jassim, G. Teeter, W. Sampath
Summary: This paper investigates the stability and electric field distribution of CdTe devices with a structure of TCO/MZO/CdSeTe/CdTe/backcontact. The results show reversible transitions between the light-soak state (LSS) and the dark-soak state (DSS), but irreversible degradation occurs after long-hour light soaking at an elevated temperature. The electric field profiles at different states reveal the presence of a buried homojunction (BHJ) in the LSS and an increased electric field near the MZO/CdSeTe interface at the DgS.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mario Navarro-Rodriguez, Elisa Palacios-Lidon, Andres M. Somoza
Summary: The ability to retain localized charges at the surface or interface of dielectric materials is a universal property that has applications in various fields. In this study, equations are derived to model the decay of localized charge distributions, and a useful tool for determining material conductivities is proposed. Experimental verification of the predicted behavior is conducted.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Thomas Hackl, Mathias Poik, Georg Schitter
Summary: This article presents the development of an atomic force microscopy measurement mode that enables quantitative surface potential measurements of nanoscale structures with high accuracy in air and liquid environments. By implementing heterodyne detection and single-pass operation, averaging artifacts caused by the influence of the cantilever cone, cantilever beam, and tip-sample distance in dc-bias-free KPFM (AC-KPFM) are eliminated. The potential measurement accuracy is greatly improved compared to amplitude-modulated KPFM (AM-KPFM) modes while maintaining the advantages of closed-loop and dc-bias-free operation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Junyuan Geng, Hao Zhang, Xianghe Meng, Haibo Gao, Weibin Rong, Hui Xie
Summary: This paper presents a multimode 3D-KPFM based on an orthogonal cantilever probe (OCP) that can achieve surface potential (SP) imaging of 3D micronano structures. The proposed method integrates three working modes and has comparable performance to traditional methods. It is applicable for 3D detection from the nanometer to micrometer scale and has the potential for further exploration of 3D micronano devices.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shangzhi Gu, Wenyu Liu, Shuo Mi, Guoyu Xian, Jiangfeng Guo, Fei Pang, Shanshan Chen, Haitao Yang, Hong-Jun Gao, Zhihai Cheng
Summary: In this study, the twist angle-dependent work functions of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) were investigated using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface potentials of Bernal-stacked multilayer graphene were measured to determine the relationship between twist angle and surface potential. It was found that the work function of tBLG decreases and tends to saturate with increasing number of layers. Controlled annealing process showed that tBLG transforms into Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. This research provides valuable insights into the twist angle-dependent surface potentials and electronic properties of tBLG.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hwi Je Woo, Seongchan Kim, Young-Jin Choi, Jeong Ho Cho, Seong Heon Kim, Young Jae Song
Summary: The work function of graphene devices on SiO2 substrates is studied using Kelvin probe force microscopy, revealing gate voltage-dependent work-function hysteresis. The inhomogeneous distribution of chemical species at the graphene/SiO2 interface leads to varying degrees of hysteresis across different positions on the graphene.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Amirhossein Zahmatkeshsaredorahi, Devon S. Jakob, Hui Fang, Zahra Fakhraai, Xiaoji G. Xu
Summary: Kelvin probe force microscopy is a tool for measuring surface potential and providing insights into nanoscale electronic properties. We introduce a lock-in amplifier-based pulsed force Kelvin probe force microscopy (PF-KPFM) method to overcome instrument complexity and limited operational speed. We successfully apply this method to study the electrical properties of two-dimensional material MXene and aged perovskite photovoltaic films.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Joseph L. Garrett, David A. T. Somers, Jeremy N. Munday
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunlu Xu, Elizabeth M. Tennyson, Jehyung Kim, Sabyasachi Barik, Joseph Murray, Edo Waks, Marina S. Leite, Jeremy N. Munday
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2018)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Joseph L. Garrett, Marina S. Leite, Jeremy N. Munday
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2018)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Joseph B. Murray, Kevin J. Palm, Tarun C. Narayan, David K. Fork, Seid Sadat, Jeremy N. Munday
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth M. Tennyson, Bart Roose, Joseph L. Garrett, Chen Gong, Jeremy N. Munday, Antonio Abate, Marina S. Leite
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lisa J. Krayer, Jongbum Kim, Jeremy N. Monday
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2019)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lisa J. Krayer, Jongbum Kim, Joseph L. Garrett, Jeremy N. Munday
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elizabeth M. Tennyson, John M. Howard, Bart Roose, Joseph L. Garrett, Jeremy N. Munday, Antonio Abate, Marina S. Leite
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth M. Tennyson, Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi, Kangyu Ji, Joseph L. Garrett, Chen Gong, Alison A. Pawlicki, Olga S. Ovchinnikova, Jeremy N. Munday, Samuel D. Stranks, Marina S. Leite
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alberto Dallolio, Gara Quintana-Diaz, Evelyn Honore-Livermore, Joseph L. Garrett, Roger Birkeland, Tor A. Johansen
Summary: This article evaluates three different scenario variants of an architecture to integrate traditional tools and methodologies for mesoscale observation of oceanographic phenomena, limited by under-sampling and data latency, with satellite remote sensing. By using a System-of-Systems (SoS) modeling approach and operational simulations, the study investigates the reduction of data latency to end-users in different locations on Earth.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Joseph L. Garrett, Jongbum Kim, Jeremy N. Munday
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Optics
Joseph L. Garrett, David A. T. Somers, Kyle Sendgikoski, Jeremy N. Munday
Article
Optics
P. Solano, J. A. Grover, Y. Xu, P. Barberis-Blostein, J. N. Munday, L. A. Orozco, W. D. Phillips, S. L. Rolston