Self-Ordered Nanoporous Nickel Oxide/Fluoride Composite Film with Strong Electrochromic Contrast

Self-ordered nanoporous nickel oxide/fluoride composite layers were grown by anodization of a Ni substrate in 85% H(3)PO(4) solution containing 0.5 M NH(4)F. This oxide film contained a very high concentration of NiF(2) (up to 30-40%). The layers show a very good electrochromic performance. In fact, the nanoporous oxide/fluoride films exhibit a nearly twofold stronger optical contrast and much higher cycling stability than the fluoride-free reference Ni oxide films. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3430656] All rights reserved.