Electrochemical Sensor and Biosensor Strategies for ROS/RNS Detection in Biological Systems

This review summarises the main electrochemical sensors and biosensors developed for assessing the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species of interest in clinical and physiological analysis. Among these species, a special attention is focused on sensors for the detection of the highly reactive superoxide radicals O-2(center dot-), the very stable hydrogen peroxide H2O2, as well as the well-known RNS nitric oxide (NO center dot). The different methods adopted for the detection of each species are commented, considering both sensor and biosensors detection strategies.