Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine, Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid at Lithographically-Defined 3D Graphene Electrodes

Three dimensional graphene electrodes are presented as highly sensitive electrochemical transducers for the detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. The detection limits for each separate analyte is approximately 5 mu M. In addition the oxidative peak potentials for each are sufficiently separated such that the simultaneous detection of a mixture can be accomplished without any modification steps leading to three well resolved peaks. Increased steady state mass transport profiles due to enhanced diffusion effects at the open porous three dimensional graphene electrodes are also observed.