Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel-Clement Osei-Bordom, Sivesh Kamarajah, Niki Christou
Summary: In the clinical management of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, surgeons and oncologists categorize the metastasis into resectable and non-resectable groups to initiate tailored therapeutics. The combination of targeted therapies and biotherapies around these two entities is being actively explored to determine the ideal conditions for their application to improve patient survival and quality of life.
Article
Oncology
Rohin Gawdi, Cristian D. Valenzuela, Omeed Moaven, John A. Stauffer, Nico R. Del Piccolo, Tanto Cheung, Carlos U. Corvera, Andrew D. Wisneski, Charles Cha, Perry Shen, Greg Russell, Nima Zarandi, Justin Dourado
Summary: This study examined the impact of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and perioperative chemotherapy on the outcomes of patients with resectable colorectal-liver metastases (CLM). The results showed that adjuvant and perioperative chemotherapy were independently associated with improved overall survival (OS) compared to surgery alone.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
C. Villard, M. Habib, C. Nordenvall, P. J. Nilsson, C. Jorns, E. Sparrelid
Summary: Conversion therapy can offer a survival benefit in selected patients, but the majority of patients still cannot undergo liver resection treatment.
Review
Oncology
Michael J. Raphael, Paul J. Karanicolas
Summary: Regional therapies, such as hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy and drug-eluting beads, are effective treatment options for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases. These therapies allow selective delivery of drugs to tumors while sparing normal liver tissue. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled trial evidence to guide the optimal integration of regional therapies into the management of colorectal liver metastases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Hee Yeon Lee, In Sook Woo
Summary: The development of cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors has significantly improved survival outcomes and quality of life in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Complete resection of resectable liver metastases can lead to long-term survival and cure, while the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection are still uncertain. Preoperative systemic treatment can potentially convert unresectable liver metastases to resectable tumors, but the optimal treatment strategy is yet to be established.
Article
Oncology
Marinde J. G. Bond, Babette I. Kuiper, Karen Bolhuis, Aysun Komurcu, Martinus J. van Amerongen, Thiery Chapelle, Cornelis H. C. Dejong, Marc R. W. Engelbrecht, Michael F. Gerhards, Dirk J. Grunhagen, Thomas van Gulik, John J. Hermans, Koert P. de Jong, Joost M. Klaase, Niels F. M. Kok, Wouter K. G. Leclercq, Mike S. L. Liem, Krijn P. van Lienden, I. Quintus Molenaar, Ulf P. Neumann, Gijs A. Patijn, Arjen M. Rijken, Theo M. Ruers, Cornelis Verhoef, Johannes H. W. de Wilt, Geert Kazemier, Anne M. May, Cornelis J. A. Punt, Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg
Summary: This study evaluated the variability in assessing resectability and local treatment planning for patients with initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. The results showed differences and disagreements in the evaluations, highlighting the need for consensus guidelines to prevent unwarranted variability in clinical practice.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kosuke Ono, Tomoyuki Abe, Akihiko Oshita, Yusuke Sumi, Takuya Yano, Hiroshi Okuda, Manabu Kurayoshi, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Hideki Ohdan, Toshio Noriyuki, Masahiro Nakahara
Summary: Our study revealed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy and Beppu's nomogram score are independent risk factors for recurrence in patients with resectable CRLM. Upfront hepatectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be considered for treating resectable CRLM. Recipients of neoadjuvant chemotherapy had higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion compared to non-recipients.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Emmanouil Georgilis, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Diamantis I. Tsilimigras, Panagiotis Malandrakis, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
Summary: Although surgical resection is the gold standard for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs), the management after surgery remains controversial. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety profile of different chemotherapeutic agents used as adjuvant treatment after surgical resection of CRLMs. The results showed that adjuvant therapy improved regression-free survival (RFS) and disease-free survival (DFS), but did not significantly prolong overall survival (OS), and the choice of therapeutic strategy did not have a differential impact on patient outcomes. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to determine which patients would benefit the most from adjuvant therapy after surgery for CRLMs.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Joy Sarkar, Kristopher Attwood, Roderich E. Schwarz
Summary: This study reveals a correlation between perioperative chemotherapy and superior overall survival (OS) in patients with liver-only colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), and shows that resection of the metastatic site was linked to better OS. Despite obvious cohort heterogeneity, the data can support a resection approach with additional, preferably peri- or preoperative systemic therapy for patients with CRLM.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Wong Hoi She, Tan To Cheung, Simon H. Y. Tsang, Wing Chiu Dai, Ka On Lam, Albert C. Y. Chan, Chung Mau Lo
Summary: This retrospective study examined factors for long-term survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) who underwent liver resection. The study found that patients who survived for more than 10 years tended to have normal preoperative hemoglobin levels, involvement of only one liver lobe, fewer tumor nodules, and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was found to positively affect the long-term survival of CRLM patients.
LANGENBECKS ARCHIVES OF SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Javier Ros, Francesc Salva, Cristina Dopazo, Daniel Lopez, Nadia Saoudi, Iosune Baraibar, Ramon Charco, Josep Tabernero, Elena Elez
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global disease, with over 50% of patients developing liver metastases. Liver transplantation has shown promising outcomes for well-selected patients with liver-limited mCRC, with an impressive 5-year overall survival of 83%. However, current data come from small trials with heterogeneous populations. Ongoing clinical trials aim to improve patient selection through integrating various biomarkers.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yingcheng Wu, Shuaixi Yang, Jiaqiang Ma, Zechuan Chen, Guohe Song, Dongning Rao, Yifei Cheng, Siyuan Huang, Yifei Liu, Shan Jiang, Jinxia Liu, Xiaowu Huang, Xiaoying Wang, Shuangjian Qiu, Jianmin Xu, Ruibin Xi, Fan Bai, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Xiaoming Zhang, Qiang Gao
Summary: This study presents a single-cell and spatial atlas of colorectal liver metastasis, revealing highly metabolically activated MRCP+ CCL18(+) M2-like macrophages at the metastatic sites. Effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy can slow down this metabolic activation, raising the possibility of targeting metabolic pathways in metastasis.
Article
Oncology
Christopher T. Aquina, Zachary J. Brown, Joal D. Beane, Aslam Ejaz, Jordan M. Cloyd, Allan Tsung, Mohamed O. Adam, Timothy M. Pawlik, Alex C. Kim
Summary: This study found that only a small proportion of elderly patients received liver-directed therapies (LDT) for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Patient factors associated with lower odds of receiving LDT included older age, female sex, Black race, greater comorbidity burden, higher social vulnerability index, primary rectal cancer, synchronous liver metastasis, and further distance from a high-volume liver surgery center.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Elena Ramirez-Maldonado, Rocio Garcia-Perez, Joana Ferrer-Fabrega, Victor Sapena, Josep Fuster, Juan Carlos Garcia-Valdecasas
Summary: This study reviewed the current management of missing liver metastases and found that the type and duration of chemotherapy, as well as the size and number of lesions, are predictive factors for MLM. Liver surgery is considered a fundamental pillar in the therapeutic strategy for these patients, although the results of the meta-analysis were inconclusive. Prospective randomized clinical studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of MLM monitoring as a valid therapeutic alternative.
LANGENBECKS ARCHIVES OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Kiyohiko Omichi, Yosuke Inoue, Yoshihiro Mise, Atsushi Oba, Yoshihiro Ono, Takafumi Sato, Hiromichi Ito, Yu Takahashi, Akio Saiura
Summary: The optimal surgical strategy for patients with multiple colorectal liver metastases remains unclear. This study compared the outcomes of one-step hepatectomy (OSH) and two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) in treating these patients. The results showed no significant difference in treatment outcomes between the two surgical approaches.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Momina Masood, Mariam Nawaz, Khalid Mahmood Malik, Ali Javed, Aun Irtaza, Hafiz Malik
Summary: Easy access to audio-visual content on social media and the availability of modern tools and open-source models have led to the emergence of deepfakes, which can be used for deception, spreading disinformation, revenge porn, financial frauds, and disruption of government functioning. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing tools and machine learning approaches for deepfake generation and detection, discussing manipulation approaches, datasets, performance evaluation standards, and future directions.
APPLIED INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail, Nada Lachtar, Duha Ibdah, Rustam Aslam, Hamza Khan, Anys Bacha, Hafiz Malik
Summary: Encryption is used to preserve confidentiality, but it has been misused by cybercriminals to deny access to data through ransomware attacks. In response, a runtime solution has been proposed to defend against such attacks by preventing maliciously encrypted data from being permanently committed to storage. Extensive validation shows the robustness of the solution against various ransomware samples, and minimal performance impact is observed in a proof-of-concept implementation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ali Hassani, Jon Diedrich, Hafiz Malik
Summary: This paper presents a novel facial imaging method for monocular systems, such as phones and buildings. By using controlled light and a mathematical model, it demonstrates the unique reflectance patterns of live and spoof faces. The proposed methodology is evaluated on a rigorous dataset and achieves excellent experimental results, outperforming state-of-the-art algorithms.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ali Hassani, Jon Diedrich, Hafiz Malik
Summary: We propose a synthetic augmentation approach to improve the robustness of monocular face presentation-attack-detection (PAD) to real-world noise additions. Our toolbox of sensor and lighting effect generators generates more robust PAD features than popular augmentation methods in noisy test evaluations. Additionally, the toolbox improves accuracy on clean test data, simplifying data collection by requiring only a small portion of real data.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zaid A. Aldoulah, Hafiz Malik, Richard Molyet
Summary: Chronic wounds have a global impact on millions of people's lives, making them a challenging issue for the healthcare system. An effective wound diagnostic tool is crucial in classifying different types of chronic wounds. Existing methods primarily focus on binary classification and have lower performance in categorizing pressure and diabetic wounds. This study proposes a novel deep learning framework that can accurately identify and classify multiple types of chronic wounds.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Alireza Mohammadi, Hafiz Malik, Masoud Abbaszadeh
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of cyber-physical attacks on the braking/ABS systems to destabilize the lateral motion stability of targeted vehicles. It shows that continuous variation of the longitudinal slips of the wheels can violate the necessary conditions for stability of the lateral motion dynamics. It also proposes a real-time algorithm for monitoring the lateral motion dynamics against braking/ABS cyber-physical attacks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Farzan M. Noori, Azeem Hafeez, Hafiz Malik, Md Zia Uddin, Jim Torresen
Summary: Fully connected autonomous vehicles are at a higher risk of hacking and data theft due to the vulnerabilities of the controller area network (CAN) protocol. A new method of message authentication is being implemented to improve the security and reliability of in-vehicle communication messages. The use of digital to-analog converter (DAC) errors to estimate ECU-specific distortion distributions has shown promising results in transmitting node identification.
2023 IEEE VEHICULAR NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VNC
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Robert P. Jones, Ainhoa Mielgo, Michael Schmid, Danielle Bury, Timothy Andrews, Susanne Burdak-Rothkamm, Michael Shackcloth, Timothy J. S. Cross, Stephen Fenwick, Hassan Z. Malik, Rafa Diaz-Nieto, Christian Ottensmeier, Daniel H. Palmer, Dale Vimalachandran
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Robert P. Jones, Lennard Y. W. Lee, Pippa G. Corrie, Sarah Danson, Dale Vimalachandran
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ali Hassani, Zaid El Shair, Rafi Ud Duala Refat, Hafiz Malik
Summary: This paper introduces a novel approach to improving face-recognition pose-invariance by using semantic-segmentation features. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed Seg-Distilled-ID network outperforms three state-of-the-art encoders in terms of accuracy while using significantly fewer parameters.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, ICIP
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Srikanth Kolachalama, Hafiz Malik
Summary: In this article, a novel drive mode called Intelligent Vehicle Drive Mode (IVDM) is proposed to enhance vehicle engine performance in real-time. The drive mode predicts driver behavior vectors and optimizes engine performance based on engine operating point and HVAC parameters. Deep learning models are used to map vehicle level vectors to engine and HVAC parameters, allowing for the prediction of future driver behavior. The proposed concept is quantified using field data and analyzed based on engine efficiency and smoothness of the engine map.
DATA-CENTRIC ENGINEERING
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Rafi Ud Daula Refat, Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail, Hafiz Malik
Summary: The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is widely used in-vehicle networks, but it lacks basic security features and is vulnerable to malicious attacks. This paper proposes a lightweight Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that translates CAN traffic into a mathematical model and uses graph similarity techniques to detect intrusions. Experimental results show that the proposed IDS can effectively detect different types of attacks.
2022 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA SCIENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATIONS (CDMA 2022)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Lahouari Ghouti, Basit Qureshi, Tanzila Saba, Hafiz Malik
Summary: This edition of the conference aims to celebrate Saudi Arabia's 2030 Vision, which aims to be one of the top five nations in AI advancements and deployments.
2022 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA SCIENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATIONS (CDMA 2022)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ali Hassani, Hafiz Malik
Summary: This research proposes a framework to address face-swap-attacks through camera forensics. The framework records the noiseprint of facial recognition cameras and assesses the authenticity of future images based on deviation from expected values. The framework achieves satisfactory results in terms of performance and efficiency by using down-sampling compression and image segmentation.
2022 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA SCIENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATIONS (CDMA 2022)
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ali Hassani, Hafiz Malik, Jon Diedrich
Summary: Face-swap-attacks pose a new threat to face recognition systems. This research proposes a noise-verification framework to address this issue, which detects alteration traces by comparing challenge images and camera enrollment photos.
Article
Oncology
Yuchao Liu, Zijia Liu, Liangyan Zhang, Yuelun Zhang, Ningchen Zhang, Yue Han, Le Shen
Summary: This study found an association between preoperative 6-min walk distance and postoperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal cancer surgery.
Review
Oncology
Matteo Pavone, Rosa Autorino, Nicolo Bizzarri, Giuditta Chilorio, Vincenzo Valentini, Giacomo Corrado, Gabriella Ferrandina, Gabriella Macchia, Maria Antonietta Gambacorta, Giovanni Scambia, Denis Querleu
Summary: Ovarian transposition is an established method for protecting the ovaries from radiation, while surgical procedures for protecting the uterus are still under investigation. This study conducted a systematic review of uterine displacement techniques and performed dose simulation to assess the radiation dose received by the uterus. The results showed that the transposition approach was the most protective.
Article
Oncology
Silvia Ministrini, Maria Bencivenga, Federica Filippini, Gianni Mura, Carlo Milandri, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Giulio Bagnacci, Mattia Berselli, Manlio Monti, Paolo Morgagni, Leonardo Solaini, Daniele Marrelli, Stefania Piccioni, Stefano De Pascale, Luigina Graziosi, Rossella Reddavid, Fausto Rosa, Claudio Belluco, Guido Tiberio
Summary: The Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer developed a prospective database to evaluate the impact of a pragmatic attitude on the management of stage IV gastric cancer patients. The study found that different metastatic sites did not affect survival rates, but multiple metastatic sites were associated with worse survival. Patients who could undergo curative resection had better survival rates. A more accurate diagnostic workup and staging had a favorable impact on survival.
Article
Oncology
Luca Lambertini, Fabrizio Di Maida, Anna Cadenar, Samuele Nardoni, Antonio Andrea Grosso, Francesca Valastro, Pietro Spinelli, Riccardo Fantechi, Agostino Tuccio, Gianni Vittori, Andrea Mari, Lorenzo Masieri, Andrea Minervini
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of Florence intracorporeal neobladder (FloRIN) configuration technique performed with a stentless procedure. The results showed that the stentless procedure was associated with shorter console time and lower estimated blood loss compared to the stent group. There were no significant differences in terms of perioperative features and mid-term functional outcomes between the two groups.
Article
Oncology
Geun-Jeon Kim, Jooin Bang, Hyun-Il Shin, Sang-Yeon Kim, Dong -Il Sun
Summary: This study evaluated the outcome of tonsillar cancer managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. The results showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduced tumor volume and pathological adverse features, significantly decreasing the need for adjuvant therapy. A greater reduction in tumor volume predicted a complete pathologic response. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the groups.
Article
Oncology
Alexandra Nassar, Stylianos Tzedakis, Ugo Marchese, Gaanan Naveendran, Remy Sindayigaya, Martin Gaillard, Francois Cauchy, Mickael Lesurtel, Brice Gayet, Olivier Soubrane, David Fuks
Summary: This study identified recurrence between the two stages and a larger tumor size in the future liver remnant as critical factors contributing to the failure of two-stage hepatectomy for bilobar colorectal liver metastases. These findings have important clinical implications for the selection and evaluation of TSH surgery.
Letter
Oncology
Michele Fiore, Gian Marco Petrianni, Gabriele D'Ercole, Pasquale Trecca, Sara Ramella
Review
Oncology
Harry Farrow, Oliver J. Pickering, James A. Gossage, Philip H. Pucher
Summary: The inclusion or exclusion of the thoracic duct in radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is a controversial issue. While removing the thoracic duct may increase lymph node yield, it may also lead to higher morbidity without any survival benefit.
Article
Oncology
Xiaokun Li, Siyuan Luan, Chi Zhang, Weili Kong, Xin Xiao, Haowen Zhang, Jianfeng Zhou, Yushang Yang, Yang Xu, Yong Qiang, Pinhao Fang, Yi Shen, Yong Yuan
Summary: This study proposes a new staging system based on ypTNM stage and cN status for early stage ESCC patients after nCRT. The new ypTNM-cN staging system demonstrates superior predictive ability and classification efficacy compared to the AJCC 8th ypTNM staging system. It provides new insights for accurately stratifying ypI stage ESCC patients.