Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Davi Geiger
Summary: Quantum physics sees probability as a subjective belief, and this perspective is applied using Bayesian statistics. The paper presents a Bayesian derivation of the probability density function in phase space and introduces the Kullback-Liebler divergence to define interference and entanglement. The relationships between these quantities and entropy are compared. A brief explanation of entanglement in phase space for the spin degree of freedom and an extension to mixed states are also provided.
Article
Soil Science
Daniel D. Saurette, Richard J. Heck, Adam W. Gillespie, Aaron A. Berg, Asim Biswas
Summary: Digital soil mapping (DSM) requires georeferenced samples, environmental covariates, and a model. Sample design, particularly the determination of sample size and locations, has often been overlooked. This study evaluated different divergence metrics and normalized variance to determine the optimal sample size for predicting total soil carbon.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Iddo Eliazar, Shlomi Reuveni
Summary: This paper is the first study to address the impact of restart on the Shannon entropy of completion time. It analyzes the effects of sharp restart on completion time with different timers and establishes closed-form results. The study also uses an information-geometric approach to determine the existence of timers that decrease or increase completion time entropy.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxia Zhang, Claude Delpha, Demba Diallo
Summary: In this paper, a fault detection scheme based on JSD is proposed and validated through theoretical proofs and experimental data. It is proven that JSD has significant benefits in high noise levels.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Hadar Lackritz, Yisrael Parmet, Silvi Frenkel-Toledo, Melanie C. Banina, Nachum Soroker, John M. Solomon, Dario G. Liebermann, Mindy F. Levin, Sigal Berman
Summary: This study proposed a new method to evaluate the impact of spasticity on movement quality in stroke patients. Results showed that the severity of spasticity was related to the deviation of impaired elbow motion from normal motion, providing new options for studying the relationship between spasticity and movement quality under different spatiotemporal constraints.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Omid Kharazmi, Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan
Summary: In this work, the discrete version of Fisher information measure and Jensen-Fisher information are discussed, along with Fisher information and Bayes-Fisher information measures for the mixing parameter vector of a finite mixture probability mass function. Connections between these measures and other informational measures such as chi-square divergence, Shannon entropy, Kullback-Leibler, Jeffreys, and Jensen-Shannon divergences are provided.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Hidetoshi Murakami, Soshi Kawada
Summary: This study modified a nonparametric two-sample test statistic using a ranking method and derived the exact critical value for small sample sizes. Simulations were used to investigate the power of the proposed test statistic for the location alternative and different distributions under small sample sizes.
COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Peilin Liu, Fuyuan Xiao
Summary: This article proposes a new method for measuring divergence in belief distribution, called Earth Mover's divergence of belief function, which shows good performance in the presence of higher degrees of uncertainty and conflicts. Numerical examples and application in target recognition demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed divergence measure method.
COMPUTATIONAL & APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
K. S. Shrinath, N. H. Maruthi, S. V. Raghurama Rao, Veeredhi Vasudeva Rao
Summary: A low diffusive flux difference splitting based kinetic scheme is proposed by introducing an additional numerical diffusion using a third velocity in the expansion regions, identified using relative entropy (Kullback-Liebler divergence) and physical entropy estimation. This scheme provides an alternative to entropy fix and captures grid-aligned steady discontinuities exactly. Results of bench-mark test problems for both inviscid and viscous compressible flows are presented.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. Ashok Kumar, Albert Sunny, Ashish Thakre, Ashisha Kumar, G. Dinesh Manohar
Summary: This paper establishes a close relationship among four information theoretic problems and proposes a unified framework to solve these problems. The framework not only finds asymptotically optimal solutions, but also enables the study of more appealing problem variations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Reza Asgharzadeh Jelodar, Hossein Mehri-Dehnavi, Hamzeh Agahi
Summary: This paper introduces a new class of information-theoretic divergence measures based on Shannon entropy, and discusses their quantum extension for two density matrices. It also studies the properties of Tsallis and Tsallis-Lin quantum relative entropies and their relationship to quantum Tsallis-Jensen-Shannon divergence.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Andrey Shternshis, Piero Mazzarisi, Stefano Marmi
Summary: This paper investigates the degree of efficiency for the Moscow Stock Exchange using methods such as filtering financial data and computing entropy measures. The study finds that the market efficiency of the exchange is significantly low for most months between 2012 and 2021. By identifying periods of market inefficiency, potential profitable strategies can be devised, taking into account transaction costs and the sector to which a stock belongs.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Omid Kharazmi, Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan
Summary: This paper examines the informational properties of transmuted distributions, including deriving measures such as Shannon entropy, Gini's mean difference, and various information metrics. It also provides extensions to some of these measures and discusses the distances between transmuted distributions and their components based on different divergence measures.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Omid Kharazmi, Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan
Summary: In this study, we investigate the information generating function measure and introduce two new divergence measures. It is shown that well-known information divergences such as Jensen-Shannon, Jensen-extropy, and Jensen-Taneja measures are special cases of this new approach. Additionally, the information generating function for residual lifetime variables is also discussed.
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Alexander Bulinski, Denis Dimitrov
Summary: In this study, it is proven under certain conditions that the estimates based on k-nearest neighbor statistics are asymptotically unbiased and L-2 consistent for the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two probability measures in Rd that are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The novelty of the results lies in the treatment of mixture models, particularly including mixtures of nondegenerate Gaussian measures. Moreover, the asymptotic properties of related estimators for the Shannon entropy and cross-entropy are further strengthened.
Article
Agronomy
Andrew Revill, Vasileios Myrgiotis, Anna Florence, Stephen Hoad, Robert Rees, Alasdair MacArthur, Mathew Williams
Summary: Climate, nitrogen, and leaf area index are key factors affecting crop yield. By combining climate and LAI data with a model, researchers successfully estimated leaf nitrogen content and crop yield. The model calibration showed accurate results, providing a valuable tool for crop studies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephanie P. George-Chacon, David T. Milodowski, Juan Manuel Dupuy, Jean-Francois Mas, Mathew Williams, Miguel Angel Castillo-Santiago, Jose Luis Hernandez-Stefanoni
Summary: Machine learning was successfully used to upscale forest aboveground biomass from field data to remote sensing data, while uncertainty was effectively propagated and the relative contributions of each sensor were explored. Sentinel-2 outperformed ALOS-PALSAR in the model performance, but the combination of both sensors provided the best fit.
GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
P. C. Stoy, J. Roh, G. T. Bromley
Summary: Global climate change refers to a change in the planetary energy balance, in which specific humidity plays a critical role. The study found that from 1980 to 2014, the change in global near-surface air temperature (T-a) is influenced not only by the energy change due to T-a (E-T), but also by the energy change due to specific humidity (E-SH).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Zheng Fu, Philippe Ciais, David Makowski, Ana Bastos, Paul C. Stoy, Andreas Ibrom, Alexander Knohl, Mirco Migliavacca, Matthias Cuntz, Ladislav Sigut, Matthias Peichl, Denis Loustau, Tarek S. El-Madany, Nina Buchmann, Mana Gharun, Ivan Janssens, Christian Markwitz, Thomas Gruenwald, Corinna Rebmann, Meelis Molder, Andrej Varlagin, Ivan Mammarella, Pasi Kolari, Christian Bernhofer, Michal Heliasz, Caroline Vincke, Andrea Pitacco, Edoardo Cremonese, Lenka Foltynova, Jean-Pierre Wigneron
Summary: Understanding the critical soil moisture threshold is crucial for evaluating drought impacts and improving climate models. In Europe, estimating this threshold is challenging, but analyzing relationships between evaporative fraction, vapor pressure deficit, and gross primary production can provide valuable insights. Variations in surface energy partitioning and sensitivities to soil moisture were observed across different vegetation types.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul C. Stoy, Anam M. Khan, Aaron Wipf, Nick Silverman, Scott L. Powell
Summary: This study investigated the variability of wheat yield and grain protein content at different spatial scales, predicting these indicators using UAV and Landsat. It concluded the information content and variance change of NDVI observations at different scales.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peter Levy, Robert Clement, Nick Cowan, Ben Keane, Vasilis Myrgiotis, Marcel van Oijen, T. Luke Smallman, Sylvia Toet, Mathew Williams
Summary: The role of greenhouse gases in global climate change and the verification of mitigation measures require accurate estimation and quantification of emissions at large and long time scales. However, translating short-term observations into long-term estimates poses a challenge. This review explores approaches such as instrumentation developments, geostatistical methods, more rigorous statistical methods, and the use of remote sensing data to address this problem.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rong Ge, Honglin He, Li Zhang, Xiaoli Ren, Mathew Williams, Guirui Yu, T. Luke Smallman, Tao Zhou, Pan Li, Zongqiang Xie, Silong Wang, Huimin Wang, Guoyi Zhou, Qibin Zhang, Anzhi Wang, Zexin Fan, Yiping Zhang, Weijun Shen, Huajun Yin, Luxiang Lin
Summary: The high uncertainty associated with the response of terrestrial carbon (C) cycle to climate is dominated by the ecosystem C turnover time. The differences in climate sensitivities of turnover time in major biomass and soil pools are poorly understood, and their effects on vegetation and soil C sequestration under climate change remain unclear. This study conducted observations and model-data fusion in Chinese forests to explore the relationship between climate and turnover time. It was found that both vegetation and soil turnover time decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation, and soil turnover time was more sensitive than vegetation turnover time. The smaller balance between soil C input and exit rate under warm and humid conditions suggests a relatively lower contribution from soil C sequestration.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. M. Khan, P. C. Stoy, J. Joiner, D. Baldocchi, J. Verfaillie, M. Chen, J. A. Otkin
Summary: This study used satellite data to explore the diurnal variability of GPP and its relationship with environmental conditions. By comparing three methods, it was found that the LRC-NIRvP model provided relatively accurate estimates of GPP and revealed the characteristic of the peak of GPP shifting towards the morning hours during summer in relation to incoming solar radiation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. C. Stoy, A. M. Khan, K. Van Dorsten, P. Sauer, T. Weaver, E. N. J. Brookshire
Summary: Vegetation productivity is increasing in the U.S. Northern Great Plains but decreasing in nearby Northern Rocky Mountain grasslands due to increased aridity. It is unclear if the decrease in productivity can be offset by late-season green-ups after precipitation events.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Justin D. Gay, Hannah M. Goemann, Bryce Currey, Paul C. Stoy, Jesper Riis Christiansen, Perry R. Miller, Benjamin Poulter, Brent M. Peyton, E. N. Jack Brookshire
Summary: This study examines the effects of different fertilizer strategies on biomass, greenhouse gas fluxes, soil organic carbon, and soil microbiome of perennial grasses in a semi-arid agroecosystem. The results show that the C3 grass had higher productivity and nitrogen use efficiency compared to the C4 grass when fertilized. The C4 grass resulted in a net loss of soil organic carbon, while the C3 grass had a net gain. Additionally, the two crops showed different soil microbiome compositions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Kelsey Archer Barnhill, J. Murray Roberts, Isla Myers-Smith, Mathew Williams, Kyle G. Dexter, Casey Ryan, Uwe Wolfram, Sebastian J. Hennige
Summary: The importance of dead matter in climate change and its role in ecosystem form and function has been overlooked. It is crucial to explicitly include its persistence or degradation in models considering ecosystem futures in a rapidly changing world.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
X. Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, E. G. Patton, A. F. Moene, H. G. Ouwersloot, T. Gerken, L. A. T. Machado, S. T. Martin, M. Sorgel, P. C. Stoy, M. A. Yamasoe, Vila-Guerau de Arellano
Summary: We investigated the diurnal variability of the atmosphere inside and above the Amazonian rainforest. Using high-resolution simulations and comprehensive observations, we found that the variability of photosynthesis drivers is larger for sunlit leaves compared to shaded leaves. Wind-related variables show good agreement between the model and observations. However, there are discrepancies in evaporation, CO2 assimilation, and soil efflux.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zheng Fu, Philippe Ciais, Andrew F. Feldman, Pierre Gentine, David Makowski, I. Colin Prentice, Paul C. Stoy, Ana Bastos, Jean-Pierre Wigneron
Summary: This study quantifies plant water stress using global eddy covariance observations and identifies differences in water stress across different biomes. The results contribute to future climate and water resource projections, highlighting the importance of understanding the spatial distribution of plant water stress.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sander O. Denham, Mallory L. Barnes, Qing Chang, Mitchell Korolev, Jeffery D. Wood, A. Christopher Oishi, Kathryn O. Shay, Paul C. Stoy, Jiquan Chen, Kimberly A. Novick
Summary: Shifts in phenological timing, specifically spring leaf emergence, have important implications for ecosystem processes and summer soil water availability. Delayed spring-onset leads to more rapid canopy development and increases in gross primary production and evapotranspiration. However, when early spring leaf emergence coincides with meteorological conditions that contribute to soil water deficits, summer soil moisture deficits are exacerbated.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jin-Soo Kim, Jong-Seong Kug, Sujong Jeong, Jin-Ho Yoon, Ning Zeng, Jinkyu Hong, Jee-Hoon Jeong, Yuan Zhao, Xiaoqiu Chen, Mathew Williams, Kazuhito Ichii, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
Summary: The study found that winter warming in the Barents-Kara Sea region has led to negative temperature anomalies and leaf area index anomalies in most areas of East Asia, especially in the subtropical evergreen forests of southern China. These anomalies have also impacted spring vegetation activity and gross primary productivity.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)