Review
Environmental Sciences
Dror Denneboom, Avi Bar-Massada, Assaf Shwartz
Summary: Through a systematic review, it was found that viaducts are the most effective type of WCS for large mammals. WCS built specifically for wildlife are used significantly more than those built for dual use by humans and wildlife. These results highlight the importance of adopting large-scale monitoring of wildlife crossing structures.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anna-Katarina Schilling, Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto, Claudia Romeo
Summary: The interest in wildlife research has increased, particularly in non-invasive sampling methods, as researchers aim to minimize disturbance to animals and comply with ethical standards and regulations. This review assessed the use of non-invasive sampling in wildlife health and disease research, with a focus on different types of samples and their applications. The results show a growing trend in the use of these methods, especially in the study of stress, viruses, and bacterial infections.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hyunjin Seo, Chulhyun Choi, Kyeongjun Lee, Donggul Woo
Summary: The study found significant differences in landscape characteristics around highly effective wildlife crossing structures and low-effective ones. The widespread distribution of statutory protected areas and a low ratio of MSPA edge within 1 km(2) are key features of highly effective WCS.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mario Renteria-Pinon, Xiaochen Tang, Wei Tang
Summary: This article introduces a slope level-crossing sampling analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that quantizes key sampling points in real time during sensing. By only quantizing the turning points in the input analog waveform, it reduces digital output data throughput when the input signal is sparse. The system uses dynamic prediction, threshold comparison, and selective quantization to achieve this reduction in data throughput. Experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve a data compression ratio of 7.1 compared to a conventional SAR ADC when sampling an ECG signal.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Gary Young, Rachel King, Benjamin L. Allen
Summary: The effectiveness of wildlife crossing structures on a new highway in eastern Australia is uncertain, as some species had higher presence in adjacent bushland compared to crossing structures, while others had higher presence in crossing structures compared to bushland. Therefore, increased use of experimental study designs is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of such structures.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Maral Faghani, Hamidreza Rezaee-Dehsorkh, Nassim Ravanshad, Hamed Aminzadeh
Summary: This paper introduces an ultra-low-power voice activity detection (VAD) system for distinguishing speech from non-speech parts of audio signals. The system uses level-crossing sampling for voice activity detection and eliminates useless samples in non-speech parts. By counting the output samples of the level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) in a 40 ms moving window, the system can distinguish speech and non-speech segments in the audio input signal. The system achieves high speech hit rate and non-speech hit rate with low power consumption and small silicon area.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
B. Premanand, V. S. Sheeba
Summary: This research proposes a level-crossing sampling method with multiple temporal resolutions for speech signals. By applying frequency scaling and reducing the dynamic range of the time-to-digital converter, the proposed method achieves a significant reduction in data size and real-time detection of silence regions. The simulation results show that it outperforms conventional level-crossing samplers.
JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Frederic Sorbe, Tobias Graenzig, Michael Foerster
Summary: As globalization continues, it is crucial to understand the geographical distribution pattern of invasive species in order to effectively manage and minimize their impact on native biodiversity. In this study, the Maxent model was used to predict the potential spatial distribution of U. europaeus, and three bias correction methods were applied. The study found that U. europaeus is primarily distributed in the coastal and central regions of Zona Sur in south-central Chile, with temperature, precipitation, and precipitation seasonality being the most important factors affecting its distribution.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mario Renteria-Pinon, Xiaochen Tang, Wei Tang
Summary: This article introduces a slope level-crossing sampling analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that performs real-time quantization on key sampling points during sensing. By only quantizing the turning points in the input analog waveform, the proposed method reduces digital output data throughput. The system has been implemented and tested using off-the-shelf components, achieving a data compression ratio of 7.1 compared with a conventional SAR ADC when sampling an ECG signal.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Amy J. Davis, Randy Farrar, Brad Jump, Parker Hall, Travis Guerrant, Kim M. Pepin
Summary: Evaluating the effectiveness of management actions to control invasive species is crucial. We have developed a method to estimate species abundance, evaluate management effectiveness, and assess population growth using removal data. Our approach allows for monitoring trends in abundances over time and provides guidance for management efforts.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Genua-Olmedo, Stijn Temmerman, Carles Ibanez, Carles Alcaraz
Summary: Researchers used GIS and Generalized Linear Models to identify areas prone to flooding and soil salinity, and evaluated the sediment deficit needed to compensate for these issues. They studied various SLR scenarios and analyzed the economic feasibility of reintroducing sediment from upstream dams to maintain rice production.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naima Jutha, Claire Jardine, Helen Schwantje, Jesper Mosbacher, David Kinniburgh, Susan Kutz
Summary: Trace mineral imbalances can affect animal health, so monitoring their status in wildlife populations is important. This study determined the baseline mineral levels in Northern Mountain caribou and found that hair could be used as an indicator of caribou mineral status.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lachlan G. Howell, Stephen D. Johnston, Justine K. O'Brien, Richard Frankham, John C. Rodger, Shelby A. Ryan, Chad T. Beranek, John Clulow, Donald S. Hudson, Ryan R. Witt
Summary: Managed wildlife breeding faces challenges related to high costs and genetic diversity. Biobanking and assisted reproductive technologies can help address these issues by enhancing genetic diversity and reducing program costs. Integrating biobanking into Australia's zoo and wildlife hospital network provides a feasible model for koala conservation.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Rongshan Wei, Fangjun Lin, Qunchao Chen
Summary: The study introduces a low-power level-crossing analog-to-digital converter for biomedical signal detection, along with an adaptive resolution sampling mode to further reduce power consumption. Experimental results demonstrate low power consumption, good performance in terms of effective number of bits, and signal-to-noise ratio under a 0.8 V power supply voltage.
IEICE ELECTRONICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Rongshan Wei, Fangjun Lin, Qunchao Chen
Summary: A low power level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) is proposed for biomedical signal detection to reduce the power consumption of a bio-electrical signal detection system. An adaptive resolution sampling mode is designed to further reduce power consumption. The experimental results demonstrate that the LC-ADC exhibits low power consumption, high effective number of bits, and good signal-to-noise ratio performance under the given power supply voltage.
IEICE ELECTRONICS EXPRESS
(2022)