期刊
ECOLOGY
卷 94, 期 9, 页码 1955-1965出版社
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1890/13-0250.1
关键词
kelp gametophyte bank; kelp genetic diversity; Macrocystis pyrifera; population recovery
类别
资金
- Santa Barbara Coastal Long Term Ecological Research project
- U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE) [0620276]
- Portuguese Science Foundation FCT [MEGIKELP PTDC/MAR/65461/2006]
- Directorate For Geosciences [0620276] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [0620276] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the microscopic stages of kelps can rapidly resume development from a delayed state. Like terrestrial seeds or aquatic resting eggs, banks of delayed kelp stages may supplement population recovery after periods of stress, playing an important role for kelp populations that experience adult sporophyte absences due to seasonal or interannual disturbances. We found that removing the microscopic stages from natural rock substratum could prevent the appearance of juvenile kelp sporophytes for three months and the establishment of a diverse kelp assemblage for over four months within a southern California kelp forest. Juveniles were observed within one month in plots where microscopic stages were left intact, which may confer an advantage for the resulting sporophytes as they attain larger sizes before later recruiting neighbors. Microsatellite diversity was high (expected heterozygosity H-E approximate to 0.9) for juveniles and adults within our sites. Using a microsatellite-based parentage analysis for the dominant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, we estimated that a portion of the new M. pyrifera sporophyte recruits had originated from their parents at least seven months after their parents had disappeared. Similar delay durations have been demonstrated in recent laboratory studies. Additionally, our results suggest that zoospore dispersal distances >50 m may be supported by including additional microsatellite loci in the analysis. We propose a mixed-age and, potentially, a mixed-origin bank of M. pyrifera gametophytes promotes maximal genetic diversity in recovering populations and reduces population genetic subdivision and self-fertilization rates for intact populations by promoting the survival of zoospores dispersed >10 m and during inhospitable environmental conditions.
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