Article
Ecology
Ivan Torres, Antonio Parra, Jose M. Moreno
Summary: This research analyzed beta diversity and its components in a herbaceous plant community in Central Spain after a fire, and its relationship with dispersal ability. The study found that dispersal limitation is the primary driver of local community assembly, while biotic interactions between woody plants and herbaceous plants have a smaller contribution to community dissimilarity.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Robert W. Schlegel, Eric C. J. Oliver, Ke Chen
Summary: MHWs are increasing in duration and intensity globally, with air-sea heat flux and ocean advection playing key roles in their development. Our study found that latent heat flux is the primary driver for the onset of MHWs, while oceanic processes are the primary driver for their decay. The research also identified three primary synoptic scale patterns during MHWs, providing insights into their mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Inaki Odriozola, Tijana Martinovic, Tereza Masinova, Barbara Doreen Bahnmann, Antonin Machac, Petr Sedlak, Michal Tomsovsky, Petr Baldrian
Summary: The composition and drivers of fungal communities in Czech Republic were studied, revealing that ectomycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophs are influenced by vegetation and dispersal at local scales, while yeasts show little distance decay and exhibit spatial homogeneity.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zelong Zhao, Hongjun Li, Yi Sun, Qing Yang, Jinfeng Fan
Summary: This study investigated the metacommunity dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Bohai Sea, China, and found clear geographic patterns in both communities. The zooplankton communities were primarily governed by species sorting rather than dispersal limitation, and exhibited broader habitat niche breadths and dispersal abilities compared to phytoplankton. Additionally, environmental pollution affected high trophic organisms by altering the abundance of phytoplankton and modifying the zooplankton that feed on them.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pengfei Xue, Liao Chang, Ellen Thomas
Summary: Reconstruction of oceanic redox conditions during the PETM provides important information about its triggers and biodiversity changes. Our study on magnetofossils at IODP Sites U1409 and U1403 shows variations in magnetic properties and crystal morphologies, allowing us to trace palaeoredox changes in the Northwest Atlantic. Our records indicate a gradual decrease in deep-sea oxygenation several hundred thousand years before the PETM, reaching a minimum 50 ky before the event, followed by a broad increase. These changes likely reflect shifts in deep-sea circulation and ocean temperature, suggesting the role of ocean circulation in the carbon release during the PETM onset.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Grisnik, Joshua B. Grinath, Donald M. Walker
Summary: Metacommunity theory explains how community patterns are influenced by processes across scales, and a study on a fungal pathogen found that its presence or absence can impact the composition of microbial communities and their relationships with factors like ecoregion.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura M. Stefan, Wolf Isbert, Elena Gomez-Diaz, Sergey V. Mironov, Jorge Dona, Karen D. McCoy, Jacob Gonzalez-Solis
Summary: Host phylogeny and geographic distance are important factors shaping the richness and structure of symbiont assemblages; feather mites and seabirds provide a good model to study these factors; mite specificity mainly occurs at the host-genus level, and the influence of geography on mite communities is weak.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lydia D. Sims, Bulusu Subrahmanyam, Corinne B. Trott
Summary: This study focuses on the extreme ecological impacts of Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) in the Northwest Atlantic over the past decade. By analyzing the relationships between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Salinity anomalies (SSSA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Geopotential Height anomalies (ZA), and anomalous Jet Stream positions (JSPA), the study reveals significant temporal and spatial covariances between these parameters during MHW active years. Understanding these interplays is crucial for monitoring and predicting MHWs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. Perez, S. Ryan, M. Andres, G. Gawarkiewicz, C. C. Ummenhofer, J. Bane, S. Haines
Summary: The Northwest Atlantic shows signs of accelerated warming compared to the global ocean and has experienced significant marine heatwaves over the past decade. Factors such as the position of the jet stream and warm core rings shed by the Gulf Stream play important roles in the development of these heatwaves. Heatwaves in the Northwest Atlantic have significant socio-economic impacts and affect commercially important species.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Stanislao Bevilacqua, Ferdinando Boero, Francesco De Leo, Giuseppe Guarnieri, Vesna Macic, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Antonio Terlizzi, Simonetta Fraschetti
Summary: By simulating a strong physical disturbance and comparing beta-diversity patterns and decay of similarity, we found that connectivity mediated by currents at larger spatial scales strongly contributed to shape community reassembly after disturbance. These results can help improve conservation planning to promote ecological connectivity within marine protected area networks and enhance their effectiveness in protecting marine communities against disturbances.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Sara Martinez-Santalla, Ramiro Martin-Devasa, Carola Gomez-Rodriguez, Rosa M. Crujeiras, Andres Baselga
Summary: Modeling community similarity decay with spatial distance is important for studying community variation. A new nonlinear significance test combining R-2 statistic with permutations was proposed, showing good performance for nonlinear relationships. This test should be favored over linear Mantel test for assessing distance-decay patterns.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katherine G. Brandler, James T. Carlton
Summary: We report the role of marine debris in transporting native and introduced species in the temperate Northwest Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Plastic was the most common material that had biofouling. A total of 33 attached species, including five non-native species, were found on rafted debris, with 16 of them being first-time reports. The presence of invertebrate rafters, including introduced species, on non-biodegradable debris suggests that long-term rafting may enhance their dispersal potential. We also suggest that the non-native green alga Codium fragile fragile may have an undetected role in the transport of marine debris and associated biofouling. Furthermore, marine debris could be an important source of biodiversity records.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Betty Croft, Randall Martin, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan C. Crosbie, Hongyu Liu, Lynn M. Russell, Georges Saliba, Armin Wisthaler, Markus Mueller, Arne Schiller, Marti Gal, Rachel Y-W Chang, Erin E. McDuffie, Kelsey R. Bilsback, Jeffrey R. Pierce
Summary: This study aims to understand marine aerosol size distributions and composition in the northwest Atlantic Ocean region, using observations collected during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) and modeled with the GEOS-Chem and TOMAS algorithms. Observations showed increased aerosol number with diameters larger than 3 micrometers in the lower troposphere during phytoplankton bloom, while simulations suggested key factors such as particle formation and growth by marine secondary organic aerosol contributing to cloud-condensation-nuclei-sized particles with significant regional radiative effects in the northwest Atlantic.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chunyan Qin, Yifei Ge, Jin Gao, Shengli Zhou, Jian Yu, Beixin Wang, Thibault Datry
Summary: Identifying ecological drivers and understanding their effects on metacommunity and beta diversity are crucial for bioassessment and river management. This study explored the impacts of anthropogenic influences on macroinvertebrate communities in the Yangtze River Delta, China, and found that both species sorting and dispersal shaped the communities, with their importance varying with the levels of anthropogenic impacts. Environmental variables and spatial processes should be considered for effective ecosystem management.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Urban Studies
Minxuan Lan, Lin Liu, John E. Eck
Summary: The study found that a casino has different impacts on property crime and violent crime, with property crime fluctuating in the neighboring area of the casino before and after its opening, while the overall trend of property crime in the city is decreasing. Meanwhile, there was a slight increase in violent crime density after the casino opened, but it later dropped back to pre-casino levels.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Kari E. Ellingsen, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Torkild Tveraa, Kenneth T. Frank, Edda Johannesen, Marti J. Anderson, Andrey Dolgov, Nancy L. Shackell
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Aurore A. Maureaud, Romain Frelat, Laurene Pecuchet, Nancy Shackell, Bastien Merigot, Malin L. Pinsky, Kofi Amador, Sean C. Anderson, Alexander Arkhipkin, Arnaud Auber, Ica Barri, Richard J. Bell, Jonathan Belmaker, Esther Beukhof, Mohamed L. Camara, Renato Guevara-Carrasco, Junghwa Choi, Helle T. Christensen, Jason Conner, Luis A. Cubillos, Hamet D. Diadhiou, Dori Edelist, Margrete Emblemsvag, Billy Ernst, Tracey P. Fairweather, Heino O. Fock, Kevin D. Friedland, Camilo B. Garcia, Didier Gascuel, Henrik Gislason, Menachem Goren, Jerome Guitton, Didier Jouffre, Tarek Hattab, Manuel Hidalgo, Johannes N. Kathena, Ian Knuckey, Saikou O. Kide, Mariano Koen-Alonso, Matt Koopman, Vladimir Kulik, Jacqueline P. Leon, Ya'arit Levitt-Barmats, Martin Lindegren, Marcos Llope, Felix Massiot-Granier, Hicham Masski, Matthew McLean, Beyah Meissa, Laurene Merillet, Vesselina Mihneva, Francis K. E. Nunoo, Richard O'Driscoll, Cecilia A. O'Leary, Elitsa Petrova, Jorge E. Ramos, Wahid Refes, Esther Roman-Marcote, Helle Siegstad, Ignacio Sobrino, Jon Solmundsson, Oren Sonin, Ingrid Spies, Petur Steingrund, Fabrice Stephenson, Nir Stern, Feriha Tserkova, Georges Tserpes, Evangelos Tzanatos, Itai van Rijn, Paul A. M. van Zwieten, Paraskevas Vasilakopoulos, Daniela V. Yepsen, Philippe Ziegler, James T. Thorson
Summary: The redistribution of marine biota in response to climate change and shifting seascapes is challenging to track due to discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. The availability of data is identified as the most significant challenge in assessing species redistributions under global climate change. Combining multiple surveys is necessary to cover a significant portion of species ranges, and spatio-temporal modeling can help overcome differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling for tracking species redistributions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nancy L. Shackell, David M. Keith, Heike K. Lotze
Summary: The study found that long-term area-based fishing fleet closures did not enhance the population growth rates of the majority of common groundfish species. Despite reduced fishing mortality, 10 out of 24 species are currently at less than 50% of their pre-collapse biomass, indicating sustained diminished productivity. Additional measures are needed to protect severely depleted groundfish.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Fisheries
P. J. Woods, J. Macdonald, H. Bardarson, S. Bonanomi, W. J. Boonstra, G. Cornell, G. Cripps, R. Danielsen, L. Farber, A. S. A. Ferreira, K. Ferguson, M. Holma, R. E. Holt, K. L. Hunter, A. Kokkalis, T. J. Langbehn, G. Ljungstrom, E. Nieminen, M. C. Nordstrom, M. Oostdijk, A. Richter, G. Romagnoni, C. Sguotti, A. Simons, N. L. Shackell, M. Snickars, J. D. Whittington, H. Wootton, J. Yletyinen
Summary: The study found that adaptation measures currently focus more on enhancing ecological resilience rather than social resilience in the context of climate change, indicating a greater emphasis on management adaptation. In addition, social adaptation measures are more responsive and used outside the context of climate change, with a lack of centralized planning and organization in the implementation of stakeholder adaptations.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Fisheries
Nancy L. Shackell, Jonathan A. D. Fisher, Cornelia E. den Heyer, Daniel R. Hennen, Andrew C. Seitz, Arnault Le Bris, Dominique Robert, Michael E. Kersula, Steven X. Cadrin, Richard S. McBride, Christopher H. McGuire, Tony Kess, Krista T. Ransier, Chang Liu, Andrew Czich, Kenneth T. Frank
Summary: The study reviewed the spatial ecology of Atlantic halibut managed in the Northwest Atlantic and found different genomic evidence and non-genetic spatial structures within each of the four management units. It pointed out that the expansion of thermal habitat may have contributed to the species' expansion.
REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Christine H. Stortini, Kenneth T. Frank, Vicente J. Ontiveros, William C. Leggett, Nancy L. Shackell
Summary: This study applied island biogeography and metacommunity theories to explore the dynamics of submarine "islands" following the collapse of predatory groundfish populations. In the short term, colonization and extinction events were briefly unbalanced, resulting in increased species richness and turnover, especially on the largest banks. However, over the longer term, a dynamic equilibrium of colonization and extinction events prevailed on most of the banks.
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Isabelle Jubinville, Ethan Lawler, Sophie Tattrie, Nancy L. Shackell, Joanna Mills Flemming, Boris Worm
Summary: By employing a generalized linear mixed model framework, researchers modeled abundance patterns of bycatch skate species and target species in commercial fisheries to identify hotspots of bycatch risk. Historically, skate species were found densely in areas near Sable Island, Banquereau Banks, Georges Bank, and the Bay of Fundy. The study provides insight into the spatial relationships between target and bycatch species, highlighting the limitations of at-sea observer programs that can be addressed through this method.
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Pierre Pepin, Jacquelyne King, Carrie Holt, Helen-Gurney Smith, Nancy Shackell, Kevin Hedges, Alida Bundy
Summary: Environmental impacts on fisheries are widespread, but the methods to account for them vary in Canada. This study evaluated the inclusion of climate, oceanographic and ecological considerations in 178 stock assessments by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The results showed that these considerations were included in a percentage of assessments, but there is a need for Canada to improve its ability to respond to environmental changes and develop integrated management approaches.
FISH AND FISHERIES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Edda Johannesen, Dave Keith, Michael J. Fogarty, Nancy Shackell, Kenneth T. Frank
Summary: Understanding recruitment variability in marine fish populations is important for sustainable fisheries. Previous studies have shown that haddock stocks have higher variability and lower reproductive rates compared to cod stocks. Our updated analysis confirms these patterns, even in the face of large ecosystem changes. The reasons for the persistent difference in reproductive biology between cod and haddock remain unexplained.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel G. Boyce, Derek P. Tittensor, Cristina Garilao, Stephanie Henson, Kristin Kaschner, Kathleen Kesner-Reyes, Alex Pigot, Rodolfo B. Reyes, Gabriel Reygondeau, Kathryn E. Schleit, Nancy L. Shackell, Patricia Sorongon-Yap, Boris Worm
Summary: Climate change impacts marine life, and assessing climate risks helps prioritize vulnerable species and ecosystems for conservation and management.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Isabelle Jubinville, Nancy L. Shackell, Boris Worm
Summary: The unintended bycatch of depleted or vulnerable marine species is a major conservation issue globally. In recent years, Canada has placed more emphasis on addressing the bycatch of vulnerable species-at-risk. However, due to gaps in fisheries observation and monitoring data, quantifying and mitigating the risk of bycatch has been challenging. This study proposes the use of novel modeling frameworks to optimize spatial management strategies for mitigating bycatch. By utilizing spatiotemporal modeling of fisheries-independent survey data, the study predicts high-risk regions for three at-risk skates in Atlantic Canada. The identified regions are then used to evaluate the reduction in bycatch risk that can be achieved by closing targeted bycatch-protection zones.
Article
Environmental Studies
Jacqueline M. Vogel, Catherine Longo, Jessica Spijkers, Juliano Palacios-Abrantes, Julia Mason, Colette C. C. Wabnitz, William Cheung, U. Rashid Sumaila, Gordon Munro, Sarah Glaser, Johann Bell, Yongjun Tian, Nancy L. Shackell, Elizabeth R. Selig, Philippe Le Billon, James R. Watson, Cullen Hendrix, Malin L. Pinsky, Ingrid van Putten, Kendra Karr, Eva A. Papaioannou, Rod Fujita
Summary: Climate change is causing fish stocks to shift, leading to disruptions in social-ecological systems and increased fisheries conflicts. The movements of internationally shared stocks bring geopolitical factors and equity issues into play. However, there is a lack of interdisciplinary case studies exploring the complexity of conflict formation in shifting transboundary fisheries. Our study fills this gap by analyzing four case studies and creating a causal model of fishery conflict, highlighting factors that can heighten or mitigate the risk of conflict over shifting resources. Cooperation and equitable decision-making processes are recognized as crucial for conflict-resilient fisheries management.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel G. Boyce, Nancy Shackell, Phil Greyson, Blair Greenan
Summary: Climate change has a significant impact on marine life and is a major concern for fisheries, highlighting the need for considering climate variability and change in fish stock management. Canada is expected to face widespread climate-driven effects on its fisheries, but currently lacks a clear adaptation strategy. We are developing the Climate Adaptation Framework for Fisheries to address this gap and support climate adaptation in Canadian marine fisheries. The framework aims to comprehensively evaluate species, fishing infrastructure, and fisheries management to assess climate vulnerability and provide outputs for climate adaptation planning across different sectors, agencies, and stakeholders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. Bryndum-Buchholz, K. Boerder, R. R. E. Stanley, I Hurley, D. G. Boyce, K. M. Dunmall, K. L. Hunter, H. K. Lotze, N. L. Shackell, B. Worm, D. P. Tittensor
Summary: Climate change and biodiversity loss are twin crises driving global marine conservation efforts. However, the integration of climate change adaptation and resilience into spatial marine conservation and management has been limited. It is crucial to anticipate and reduce climate change impacts. Canada can play a leading role in climate change adaptation for marine conservation and accelerate progress towards international commitments on biodiversity loss and climate change mitigation.
Article
Fisheries
Tony Kess, Anthony L. Einfeldt, Brendan Wringe, Sarah J. Lehnert, Kara K. S. Layton, Meghan C. McBride, Dominique Robert, Jonathan Fisher, Arnault Le Bris, Cornelia den Heyer, Nancy Shackell, Daniel E. Ruzzante, Paul Bentzen, Ian R. Bradbury
Summary: This study used genomic data to investigate the genetic diversity of Atlantic Halibut in the Northwest Atlantic, revealing subtle but significant regional structure in the genome and highlighting the importance of chromosomal rearrangements in genetic differentiation. Demographic reconstructions showed periods of expansion during glacial retreat, with more recent declines in population size (N-e).
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)