Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Riwei Liao, Wei Guo, Nan Zeng, Jun Guo, Yonghong He, Huige Di, Dengxin Hua, Hui Ma
Summary: The study validates the developed high-throughput multi-angle polarized scattering vector detection of aerosols and multidimensional polarization scattering index systems, showing that the multidimensional polarization indices have unique characterization abilities for aerosol properties and are suitable for online and real-time aerosol identification.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Eito Hirai, Yasuhito Sekine, Naizhong Zhang, Natsumi Noda, Shuya Tan, Yoshio Takahashi, Hiroyuki Kagi
Summary: Experimental results show that complex organic aerosols on Saturn's moon Titan partially dissolve in liquid methane, promoting aerosol growth and the formation of solid deposits.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chao He, Michael Radke, Sarah E. Moran, Sarah M. Horst, Nikole K. Lewis, Julianne I. Moses, Mark S. Marley, Natasha E. Batalha, Eliza M. -R. Kempton, Caroline V. Morley, Jeff A. Valenti, Veronique Vuitton
Summary: This article discusses the scientific mission of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to study the atmosphere of transiting exoplanets. It focuses on observing exoplanets with equilibrium temperatures below 1000K, where photochemical hazes are expected to form. The study measures the density and optical properties of organic haze analogues generated in water-rich exoplanet atmosphere experiments and provides crucial data for interpreting exoplanet observations. The results emphasize the need to investigate the optical properties of hazes formed in different exoplanet atmospheres and establish a practical procedure for determining such properties.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Renju Nandan, M. Venkat Ratnam, V. Ravi Kiran, B. L. Madhavan, Dinesh N. Naik
Summary: The study estimates the complex refractive index of aerosols using surface-based measurements from a tropical rural area in southern India, finding that the imaginary parts are high during the pre-monsoon season. It also reveals that in winter, the contributions to total columnar scattering and absorption mainly come from aerosols below the atmospheric boundary layer, while in the monsoon season, 80-90% of the contribution is from aerosols above the atmosphere.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Optics
Wei Guo, Nan Zeng, Riwei Liao, Qizhi Xu, Jun Guo, Yonghong He, Huige Di, Dengxin Hua, Hui Ma
Summary: The study introduces a method to estimate the complex refractive indices and particle size distribution of aerosols based on measured polarization scattering signals, which is validated by experimental results of six different aerosol samples. This demonstrates the potential of polarization scattering information extraction for dynamic monitoring, quantitative retrieval, and fine identification of aerosols.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Optics
Fabrice R. A. Onofri, Isaac Rodriguez-Ruiz, Fabrice Lamadie
Summary: The analysis of nano- and microparticle suspensions with micro systems is important in various fields. Currently available microfluidic lab-on-a-chip approaches are mainly used for fluid phase analysis or the use of benchtop particle sizing instruments. We report a new microscale approach to characterize the particle size distribution and absolute concentration of colloidal suspensions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaoai Jin, Zhanqing Li, Tong Wu, Yuying Wang, Tianning Su, Rongmin Ren, Hao Wu, Dongmei Zhang, Shangze Li, Maureen Cribb
Summary: The impact of aerosol properties and meteorological factors on the scattering of light by aerosol particles is investigated in this study. It is found that the contributions of these factors to the particle backscattering coefficient vary at different locations and pollution conditions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michel Nuevo, Ella Sciamma-O'Brien, Scott A. Sandford, Farid Salama, Christopher K. Materese, A. L. David Kilcoyne
Summary: We successfully produced four laboratory analogs of Titan's aerosols using a plasma discharge in a gas mixture at low temperature, and analyzed their chemical characteristics using XANES spectroscopy. The results show that the relative proportions of N-2, CH4, and C2H2 in the initial mixture, as well as the presence or absence of C2H2, strongly influence the structure and elemental ratios of the tholins.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pedro Tovar, Bismarck Costa Lima, Jean Pierre von der Weid
Summary: This work thoroughly analyzes the intensity fluctuations of Rayleigh backscattered coherent light in single mode optical fibers. A theoretical model is developed based on the intermediate range order of silica glasses and the residual stress of optical fibers to calculate the intensity fluctuations in the optical frequency domain. The comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental results in the time domain supports the conclusion that Rayleigh backscattering in single mode fibers is an ergodic process exhibiting ergodicity in the time-frequency sense, allowing the model to determine the statistical behavior of the backscattered intensity fading.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Yan Han, Lei Ding, Yingping Wang, Haiyang Zheng, Li Fang
Summary: By combining the polarized light illuminated scattering characteristics of single airborne particle with aerodynamic size information, we demonstrated a new method for rapidly distinguishing different shapes of aerosol particles. The results show that the method can effectively differentiate spherical and elongated particles within a certain range.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
W. Lin, L. Bi, F. Weng, Z. Li, O. Dubovik
Summary: A comprehensive dust-particle geometry model is crucial for accurate computations in radiative transfer simulations and remote sensing applications. This study introduces a superspheroidal model for simulating polarized radiation at TOA under dusty-sky conditions and finds that it outperforms the spheroidal model with an additional degree of freedom. The concave superspheroidal model with large roundness parameters shows favorable performances in fitting the angular distribution of polarized radiance, suggesting its potential applicability for polarized remote sensing applications.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yu Liu, Yiming Ling, Zhengbo Yang, Xiangqun Liu, Jiuhou Lei, Jihua Hao
Summary: The formation of hazes in Titan's upper atmosphere was studied using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge plasma. The results showed that ECR discharge can produce nitrogen species, which is important for understanding the haze formation in Titan's atmosphere.
PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Maroun Bsaibes, Yves Quiquempois, Stephane Plus, Adrien Masselot, Guillaume Labroille, Marianne Bigot, Jean-Baptiste Trinel, Pierre Sillard, Laurent Bigot
Summary: This study quantifies the contributions of light scattering and extra-loss mechanisms to total losses and differential mode attenuation for three different few-mode fibers. The results show that a trapezoidal index profile is a good compromise for reducing attenuation and differential mode attenuation while maintaining large effective index differences between modes to minimize mode coupling.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Payton Beeler, Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Summary: This study develops a unified framework to describe the complex diversity in atmospheric black carbon (BC) morphology and composition using a phase shift parameter. The framework provides a computationally inexpensive method to estimate BC absorption and has been packaged into an open-source Python application. Analysis of field and laboratory data reveals that rho BC > 1 leads to decreased absorption by BC, explaining weaker absorption enhancements observed in certain regions. The framework can be used to constrain BC light absorption throughout its atmospheric lifetime.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Xiangyu Fu, Shichen Yin, Yi-An Chen, Liping Zhu, Qi Dong, Chih-Hao Chang, Franky So
Summary: Since the invention of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), research has been focused on improving efficiency and lifespan, particularly in the development of high-brightness tandem OLED structures. While high-brightness tandem OLEDs have been successfully used in displays and lighting, a major challenge lies in the low light extraction efficiency due to trapped light as waveguide modes. This perspective reviews recent works on light extraction, analyzes various extraction structures, and identifies key factors determining extraction efficiencies in tandem OLEDs.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lora Jovanovic, Thomas Gautier, Laurent Broch, Silvia Protopapa, Tanguy Bertrand, Pascal Rannou, Marie Fayolle, Eric Quirico, Luc Johann, Aotmane En Naciri, Nathalie Carrasco
Summary: Photochemical aerosols were detected up to 350 km altitude in Pluto’s atmosphere, possibly impacting its climate and surface colors. The study synthesized analogues of Pluto’s aerosols and determined their optical constants, showing variations in absorption at different altitudes or seasons. The findings suggest that Pluto tholins have lower absorption compared to Titan tholins, in agreement with observations of Pluto’s haze.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Julien Maillard, Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso, Thomas Gautier, Carlos Afonso, Nathalie Carrasco
Summary: By using tandem mass spectrometry, researchers have found significant differences in the structure and composition of the organic photochemical haze produced in Titan's upper atmosphere. Highly aromatic structures and archipelago-like structures were observed in the insoluble fraction, while the soluble fraction consists of chemical structures with weaker bonds linked by short chains.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jeremy Bourgalais, Nathalie Carrasco, Ludovic Vettier, Antoine Comby, Dominique Descamps, Stephane Petit, Valerie Blanchet, Jerome Gaudin, Yann Mairesse, Bernard Marty
Summary: This study investigates the formation pathways of aromatics in Titan's atmosphere through experimental analysis, highlighting the importance of benzene and toluene. A speculative mechanism based on sequential H-elimination/CH3-addition reactions is proposed for the growth of aromatics, with suggestions for future updates of photochemical models of Titan's atmosphere.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Chatain, J-E Wahlund, O. Shebanits, L. Z. Hadid, M. Morooka, N. J. T. Edberg, O. Guaitella, N. Carrasco
Summary: Reanalyzing data from Titan's ionosphere, it was found that multiple electron populations are needed to fit the observed data, with the populations varying based on solar illumination and altitude. This suggests that factors such as photo-ionization, magnetospheric particles, dusty plasma, and electron emission from the probe boom contribute to the electron populations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Chatain, J. E. Wahlund, O. Shebanits, L. Z. Hadid, M. Morooka, N. J. T. Edberg, O. Guaitella, N. Carrasco
Summary: The study reanalyzed data from the Cassini mission in the ionosphere of Titan, identifying four different populations of electrons originating from different sources, including photo-ionization from the surface and atmospheric molecules.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zoe Perrin, Nathalie Carrasco, Audrey Chatain, Lora Jovanovic, Ludovic Vettier, Nathalie Ruscassier, Guy Cernogora
Summary: This study simulated the atmospheric haze formation process of Titan in the laboratory, showing that HCN serves as an effective precursor of Titan's haze and confirming the HCN-derived polymer nature of the haze.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sebastien Rodriguez, Sandrine Vinatier, Daniel Cordier, Gabriel Tobie, Richard K. Achterberg, Carrie M. Anderson, Sarah Badman, Jason W. Barnes, Erika L. Barth, Bruno Bezard, Nathalie Carrasco, Benjamin Charnay, Roger N. Clark, Patrice Coll, Thomas Cornet, Athena Coustenis, Isabelle Couturier-Tamburelli, Michel Dobrijevic, F. Michael Flasar, Remco de Kok, Caroline Freissinet, Marina Galand, Thomas Gautier, Wolf D. Geppert, Caitlin A. Griffith, Murthy S. Gudipati, Lina Z. Hadid, Alexander G. Hayes, Amanda R. Hendrix, Ralf Jaumann, Donald E. Jennings, Antoine Jolly, Klara Kalousova, Tommi T. Koskinen, Panayotis Lavvas, Sebastien Lebonnois, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Alice Le Gall, Emmanuel Lellouch, Stephane Le Mouelic, Rosaly M. C. Lopes, Juan M. Lora, Ralph D. Lorenz, Antoine Lucas, Shannon MacKenzie, Michael J. Malaska, Kathleen Mandt, Marco Mastrogiuseppe, Claire E. Newman, Conor A. Nixon, Jani Radebaugh, Scot C. Rafkin, Pascal Rannou, Ella M. Sciamma-O'Brien, Jason M. Soderblom, Anezina Solomonidou, Christophe Sotin, Katrin Stephan, Darrell Strobel, Cyril Szopa, Nicholas A. Teanby, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Veronique Vuitton, Robert A. West
Summary: In response to ESA's Voyage 2050 announcement, the proposed POSEIDON mission aims to explore Saturn's largest moon, Titan, through joint orbital and in situ investigations. The mission aims to exceed the accomplishments of the Cassini-Huygens mission and explore Titan's northern latitudes in complement with NASA's upcoming Dragonfly mission. The ideal arrival time at Titan would be slightly before the next northern Spring equinox in 2039.
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guillaume Leseigneur, Jan Hendrik Bredehoeft, Thomas Gautier, Chaitanya Giri, Harald Krueger, Alexandra J. MacDermott, Uwe J. Meierhenrich, Guillermo M. Munoz Caro, Francois Raulin, Andrew Steele, Harald Steininger, Cyril Szopa, Wolfram Thiemann, Stephan Ulamec, Fred Goesmann
Summary: The Rosetta mission and the Philae lander have discovered a range of organic molecules in the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. These volatile compounds represent the first raw materials present in the early Solar System.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
N. Carrasco, J. Bourgalais, L. Vettier, P. Pernot, E. Giner, R. Spezia
Summary: The study shows that nitrogen in Titan's atmosphere can form nitrogen-rich organic compounds through reactions with radicals. These nitrogen-enriched organic compounds play an important role in explaining the high nitrogen content in Titan's organic matter. Moreover, the study highlights the significance of reactions between ions and radicals in astrochemistry.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guillaume Leseigneur, Jan Hendrik Bredehoft, Thomas Gautier, Chaitanya Giri, Harald Krueger, Alexandra J. MacDermott, Uwe J. Meierhenrich, Guillermo M. Munoz Caro, Francois Raulin, Andrew Steele, Cyril Szopa, Wolfram Thiemann, Stephan Ulamec, Fred Goesmann
Summary: The Philae lander of the Rosetta space mission successfully performed a gas chromatogram analysis on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Despite the unsuccessful drilling and deposition of surface material, the measurements were executed normally. This gives hope for the future of space exploration.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Valentin Moulay, Caroline Freissinet, Malak Rizk-Bigourd, Arnaud Buch, Mayline Ancelin, Elise Couturier, Caroline Breton, Melissa G. G. Trainer, Cyril Szopa
Summary: The research team used experimental methods to select a suitable chromatographic column for the detector in order to separate the desired chemical species. The results showed that the stationary phase composed of polymethyl (95%) diphenyl (5%) siloxane was the best choice. By combining the general and chiral columns, the team successfully conducted in situ chemical analysis on Titan and detected a variety of complex organic compounds.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Audrey Chatain, Nathalie Carrasco, Ludovic Vettier, Olivier Guaitella
Summary: This study investigates the chemical evolution of Titan's organic aerosols in the ionosphere and the impact of plasma species. The experimental results show that chemical reactions induced by plasma can alter the structure of aerosols and produce HCN, NH3-CN, and C2N2 in the gas phase.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Audrey Chatain, Ana Sofia Morillo-Candas, Ludovic Vettier, Nathalie Carrasco, Guy Cernogora, Olivier Guaitella
Summary: The addition of small amounts of H-2 in a DC glow discharge in N-2 at low pressure and low power was studied. The presence of H-2 greatly affects the N-2 plasma discharges, increasing the electric field and electron energy. It also leads to the formation of new species, including ammonia and hydrogen-bearing ions. This research provides insights into the plasma species in the ionosphere of Titan.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)