Article
Geography, Physical
Jordan Fields, Carl Renshaw, Francis Magilligan, Evan Dethier, Rebecca Rossi
Summary: Studies on post-disturbance recovery in alluvial channels have shown that the relationship between form and process, as well as the mechanisms driving recovery, are not fully understood. After the removal of a small upland dam in New England, rapid adjustments were observed in the former reservoir and downstream channels followed by relative stability after a 2-year flow, indicating a pattern of two-phase model of channel recovery.
Article
Geography, Physical
Amy E. E. East, Lee R. R. Harrison, Douglas P. P. Smith, Joshua B. B. Logan, Rosealea M. M. Bond
Summary: Measuring river response to dam removal provides an important opportunity to study the impact of sediment pulses on fluvial systems. This study focused on the Carmel River in California, measuring geomorphic and grain-size changes over a period of 8 years, with 6 years after the removal of a 32 m-high dam. The study found that the sediment release following dam removal was relatively small, and the geomorphic changes were primarily driven by flow rather than the increase in sediment supply. It suggests that large dam removals may not necessarily have significant downstream impacts.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Joanna Crowe Curran, Kristen Cannatelli Coveleski
Summary: The study focuses on the channel morphology changes and process responses after dam removal. It found that the sediment composition, flow rates, and erosion rates all play a role in shaping downstream channel morphology, with differences in sediment transport and erosion between gravel, sand, and silt sediments.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
V. Roseborough, D. G. Horvath, M. C. Palucis
Summary: The Gale crater on Mars contains evidence of ancient lakes during the Hesperian and Amazonian periods, with studies suggesting multiple stable lake levels and a drying trend from subhumid to semiarid conditions. Hydrologic modeling and crater counting indicate coeval lakes forming from a regional groundwater table, with intermittent surface water persisting until the Early Amazonian. This research has implications for understanding water sources affecting sediments studied by the Curiosity rover.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Luca Mao
Summary: This article reports on the main morphological and ecological features of the Silala River in the arid region of Antofagasta in Chile. The study found that the river has typical step/pool-plane bed morphology and supports a thriving population of rainbow trout. The river is classified as having overall good morphological conditions and exhibits a permanent flow regime.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. J. Mason, S. P. Rice, M. F. Johnson, P. J. Wood, D. Vettori
Summary: The importance of two-way interactions between animals and the physical hydraulic and sedimentological environment are increasingly recognized. This study focuses on the impact of caddisfly cases on sediment transport in rivers. The results show that different species of caddisflies have different adaptations to turbulent hydraulic river habitat, and un-attached tubular caddisfly cases may be preferentially transported over other particles on the river bed, increasing fluvial entrainment of sand.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Rebecca L. Brown, Cody C. Thomas, Erin S. Cubley, Aaron J. Clausen, Patrick B. Shafroth
Summary: The construction and removal of dams have significant impacts on downstream riparian plant communities. Removing dams can restore plant diversity while considering the short-term effects of sediment release.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Joann Mossa, Yin-Hsuen Chen
Summary: Dredging of large rivers for navigation purposes often involves disposing of sediment in adjacent floodplains and water bodies. This study examined the impact of dredge spoil placement on the Apalachicola River, and found that poor placement led to lateral erosion and morphological changes in the river channel. The findings suggest that improper disposal of dredge spoil can continue to impact rivers for decades to come.
Article
Engineering, Civil
S. E. Dodge, L. K. Zoet, J. E. Rawling, E. J. Theuerkauf, D. D. Hansen
Summary: Fast ice plays an important role in coastal areas, acting as a protective barrier and a source of erosion. This study reveals that the frictional strength of sediment regulates the stability of fast ice and that measuring the friction coefficient of beach sediment is sufficient to estimate the resistance strength of fast ice.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ting Zhang, Dongfeng Li, Albert J. Kettner, Yinjun Zhou, Xixi Lu
Summary: The SAT model integrates thermal processes, fluvial processes, and long-term storage exhaustion to simulate dynamic SSC-Q relationships. Validation of the model shows an increase in sediment availability and higher parameter-b for sediment rating curves in warmer and wetter climates.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Matthew J. Cashman, Allen C. Gellis, Eric Boyd, Mathias J. Collins, Scott W. Anderson, Brett D. McFarland, Ashley M. Ryan
Summary: This study captured the impact of a sediment pulse from dam removal on a river channel, leading to changes in local hydraulics, sediment deposition, and both short-term and long-term effects of the pulse. Additionally, the study highlighted the utility of US Geological Survey gage data in quantifying geomorphic change and providing insights into trajectories of change over varying spatial and temporal scales.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kristen L. Cook, Michael Dietze
Summary: The study of geomorphic processes and their impacts is a fundamental aspect of geomorphology. Seismic waves generated by various geomorphic processes can be measured using standard seismic instruments. In recent years, the use of seismic signals for understanding surface processes has grown significantly, leading to the emergence of environmental seismology. The application of seismic methods has the potential to advance our understanding of geomorphic events, processes, and monitoring.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Civil
Yunping Yang, Jinhai Zheng, Lingling Zhu, Huaqing Zhang, Jianjun Wang
Summary: This study examines the impacts of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) impoundment on sediment sorting and downstream transport characteristics. The results show that the reservoir prevents a significant amount of upstream sediments from reaching the downstream area of the dam, leading to a decrease in the discharge of fine and coarse particles. The study highlights the importance of understanding the effects of large dams on sediment transport in river systems.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christian Kofler, Volkmar Mair, Francesco Comiti, Marc Zebisch, Stefan Schneiderbauer, Stefan Steger
Summary: This study investigates the sediment transfer capacity of rock glaciers and proposes a GIS-based method to assess their sediment transfer capacity. By considering factors such as topographic conditions and sediment transport rate, this method provides a qualitative index to evaluate the sediment transfer capacity of rock glacier fronts. The feasibility of this method is evaluated through field observations, data analysis, and empirical relationships.
Article
Geography, Physical
Ming Tang, Y. Jun Xu, Wei Xu, Bo Wang, Heqin Cheng
Summary: The study investigates sediment dynamics near the mouth of the Atchafalaya River, showing that despite reduced sediment delivery, the backwater zone of lowland alluvial rivers may still experience aggradation. Data analysis revealed both erosion and deposition in the study area, with substantial aggradation found in the final 35 km of the natural mainstem. The findings suggest that channel erosion in the upstream reach may continue while sea level rise could accelerate channel deposition downstream.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kristen L. Cook, Michael Dietze
Summary: The study of geomorphic processes and their impacts is a fundamental aspect of geomorphology. Seismic waves generated by various geomorphic processes can be measured using standard seismic instruments. In recent years, the use of seismic signals for understanding surface processes has grown significantly, leading to the emergence of environmental seismology. The application of seismic methods has the potential to advance our understanding of geomorphic events, processes, and monitoring.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nadav Wetzler, Emily E. Brodsky, Esteban J. Chaves, Thomas Goebel, Thorne Lay
Summary: Measures of foreshock occurrence in eight different regions were examined using earthquake catalogs. Three different approaches were used to identify foreshocks: a fixed-time windowing method, a nearest-neighbor clustering method, and a variable-time windowing method. The method with fixed-time windows consistently yielded higher counts of foreshocks. There were differences in foreshock probabilities between regions and the method used, but overall, regions with high background seismicity had low probabilities of detectable foreshocks.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Travis Alongi, Emily E. Brodsky, Jared Kluesner, Daniel Brothers
Summary: Fault damage zones play an important role in understanding non-elastic processes of earthquakes. However, current geological and seismic tomography methods are limited in their ability to accurately measure damage zones at depth. In this study, we used 3D seismic reflection datasets to identify and analyze the damage zone of the Palos Verdes Fault offshore southern California. Our results show that damage through fracturing is most concentrated around mapped faults and decays exponentially with distance. The width of the damage zone remains consistent regardless of lithology or depth.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Christopher A. Thom, Lars N. Hansen, David L. Goldsby, Emily E. Brodsky
Summary: Rate- and state-friction (RSF) is an empirical framework that describes the complex velocity-, time-, and slip-dependent phenomena observed during frictional sliding of rocks and gouge in the laboratory. We present a new model of rock friction that incorporates various microphysical mechanisms and exhibits behavior consistent with RSF. This model provides analytical predictions for RSF-like behavior and the brittle-ductile transition based on measurable parameters.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Patrick M. Fulton, Emily E. Brodsky
Summary: Determining the properties that control fluid flow and pressure migration through rocks is essential for understanding groundwater, energy reservoirs and fault zones. However, direct measurements of these properties underground generally require expensive and invasive processes such as pumping large volumes of water in or out of the ground.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas H. W. Goebel, Emily E. Brodsky, Georg Dresen
Summary: Earthquakes occur as complex sequences of fore, main, and aftershocks rather than isolated events. Assessing seismic hazard requires considering interactions between events. Frictional sliding experiments on faulted granite samples show that fault damage and roughness affect aftershock generation. Smooth faults result in high co-seismic slip with few aftershocks, while large roughness promotes less co-seismic slip and high aftershock activity. Lab-quake sequences exhibit statistical distributions similar to natural earthquakes. Aftershock productivity is linearly related to residual strain energy, controlled by surface heterogeneity. Roughness and damage govern slip stability and seismic energy partitioning between fore, main, and aftershocks in both lab and nature.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Will Steinhardt, Sam Dillavou, Mary Agajanian, Shmuel M. Rubinstein, Emily E. Brodsky
Summary: Seismic moment and rupture length can be used together to estimate stress drop, an important parameter for evaluating earthquakes. Surprisingly, stress drops in natural earthquakes are largely independent of depth, despite the expected correlation between frictional stress and normal stresses. By studying a transparent experimental fault, we found that observed stress drops are independent of normal stress magnitude and heterogeneity, similar to what is seen in natural earthquakes. However, we observed larger, normal stress-dependent stress drops when the fault area is reduced, allowing slip events to reach the edge of the fault interface more frequently. This suggests that the depth-independence of stress drops in tectonic earthquakes may be a result of their confined nature.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Abram H. Clark, Emily E. Brodsky, John Nasrin, Stephanie E. Taylor
Summary: We computationally study the frictional properties of sheared granular media subjected to harmonic vibration applied at the boundary. We find that weakening requires the absolute amplitude squared of the displacement to be sufficiently large relative to the confining pressure and that a previously unrecognized second process dependent on dissipation contributes to shear weakening under vibrations. This analysis provides a basis for predicting flows subjected to arbitrary external vibration.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ricardo Garza-Giron, Emily E. Brodsky, Zack J. Spica, Matthew M. Haney, Peter W. Webley
Summary: Volcano seismicity provides unparalleled resolution to chronicle and interpret eruptions, but standard earthquake detection methods are often insufficient due to continuous seismic waves produced by eruptions. To overcome this problem, we developed a specific earthquake processing workflow for high-noise volcanic environments and applied it to the 2008 Okmok Volcano eruption. By using single-channel template matching, machine learning, and fingerprint-based techniques, we expanded the existing earthquake catalog, detected and located more earthquakes, determined magnitudes, and classified events. This new high-resolution earthquake catalog increased observations by a factor of 10 and enabled detailed spatiotemporal seismic analysis during a large eruption.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ricardo Garza-Giron, Emily E. Brodsky, Zack J. Spica, Matthew M. Haney, Peter W. Webley
Summary: By analyzing the seismic activity during the explosive eruption of Okmok Volcano in 2008, different behaviors of long-period (LP) and volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes were identified, revealing the variation in the opening and closing of volcanic conduits. Utilizing modern earthquake processing techniques enables clearer understanding of volcanic eruptions and holds promise for studying other volcanic events.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kelian Dascher-Cousineau, Oleksandr Shchur, Emily E. Brodsky, Stephan Guennemann
Summary: Seismology is experiencing growth in earthquake catalogs in terms of diversity and scale, with the aim of improving earthquake forecasts. However, the introduction of a deep-learning model called RECAST based on neural temporal point processes shows promise in overcoming the limitations of traditional approaches and accurately modeling earthquake-like point processes from cataloged data. Tests on synthetic data and earthquake catalogs in Southern California demonstrate improved fit and forecast accuracy compared to benchmark models, making RECAST a flexible and scalable solution for earthquake forecasting.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Huiyun Guo, Thorne Lay, Emily E. Brodsky
Summary: There is a correlation between seismological observations and fault system maturity, which can help understand variations in seismic hazard and assess the relative maturity of inaccessible fault systems.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fabian Walter, Elias Hodel, Erik S. Mannerfelt, Kristen Cook, Michael Dietze, Livia Estermann, Michaela Wenner, Daniel Farinotti, Martin Fengler, Lukas Hammerschmidt, Flavia Haensli, Jacob Hirschberg, Brian McArdell, Peter Molnar
Summary: The use of autonomous UAV flights combined with modern photogrammetric processing allows for the mapping and analysis of sediment dynamics in debris flow catchments. This provides crucial information for the occurrence of debris flows and plays a critical role in validating geomorphological process models.
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Aaron Bufe, Kristen L. Cook, Albert Galy, Hella Wittmann, Niels Hovius
Summary: The denudation of rocks in mountain belts can affect the weathering processes, particularly in relation to CO2 sequestration or release. This study finds that the type of minerals weathering plays a crucial role in this relationship. Silicate weathering is relatively independent of denudation rate, while carbonate dissolution and sulfide oxidation increase with increasing denudation rate. The study also reveals that catchments with (meta)sedimentary rocks generally have higher concentrations of dissolved solids and weathering fluxes compared to catchments with granitoid rocks.
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michael Dietze, Rainer Bell, Ugur Ozturk, Kristen L. Cook, Christoff Andermann, Alexander R. Beer, Bodo Damm, Ana Lucia, Felix S. Fauer, Katrin M. Nissen, Tobias Sieg, Annegret H. Thieken
Summary: Rapidly evolving floods have severe impacts on landscape reorganisation and society. The July 2021 flood in western Germany and Belgium was a drastic event due to its coupling of landscape elements and the carried wood, sediment, and debris. Intense floods can reveal rare non-linear feedbacks and require improved anticipation, mitigation, and system understanding. This study analyzes the 14-15 July 2021 flood and identifies hillslope processes, debris mobilisation, human land use, and emerging process connections as critical dimensions.
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lingyu Zhang, Kristoffer Szilas
Summary: This study presents new petrological and geochemical data for the Narssaq Ultramafic Body (NUB) in the Itsaq Gneiss Complex of SW Greenland. The results indicate that the ultramafic rocks of NUB are not mantle residues, but instead represent crustal cumulates derived from high-Mg magmas.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rong Xu, Sarah Lambart, Oliver Nebel, Ming Li, Zhongjie Bai, Junbo Zhang, Ganglan Zhang, Jianfeng Gao, Hong Zhong, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: This study investigated the iron isotope compositions of Cenozoic basalts in Southeast China, finding significant variations related to different types of basalts and their respective sources.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. J. Ebinger, Miriam C. Reiss, Ian Bastow, Mary M. Karanja
Summary: The East African rift system is formed above mantle upwellings and the formation of rifts is related to lithospheric thinning and magmatic activity. The amount of splitting varies spatially and the fast axes are predominantly parallel to the orientation of the rifts. Thick lithospheric modules have less splitting and different orientations, which may indicate mantle plume flow. Splitting rotates and increases in strength as it enters the rift zones, suggesting that the anisotropy is mainly present at shallow depths.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Correction
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ekaterina Rojas-Kolomiets, Owen Jensen, Michael Bizimis, Gene Yogodzinski, Lukas Ackerman
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Robert W. Nicklas, Igor S. Puchtel, Ethan F. Baxter
Summary: Oxygen fugacity is a fundamental parameter for understanding redox processes in igneous systems. This study compares the Fe-XANES oxybarometry method with the V-in-olivine method for evaluating fO(2) in MORB lavas. The results show that the V-in-olivine method is not applicable to samples with low MgO content, and that the majority of Archean komatiite sources have lower fO(2) than modern MORB.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chunfei Chen, Stephen F. Foley, Sebastian Tappe, Huange Ren, Lanping Feng, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: The volatile components CO2 and H2O play a major role in mantle melting and heterogeneity. In this study, Ca isotopes were used to trace the lithological heterogeneity in alkaline magmatic rocks. The results revealed the presence of K-richterite and carbonate components as the source of alkaline magmas with low delta 44/40Ca values. These findings highlight the importance of Ca isotopes as a robust tracer of lithological variation caused by volatiles in the Earth's upper mantle.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Timothee Jautzy, Gilles Rixhon, Regis Braucher, Romain Delunel, Pierre G. Valla, Laurent Schmitt, Aster Team
Summary: Although the current approach to estimate catchment-wide denudation rates using only 10Be concentrations has made significant progress in geomorphology, this study argues for the inclusion of 26Al measurements and testing of steady-state assumptions in slow eroding, formerly glaciated landscapes. The study conducted measurements of both 10Be and 26Al in stream sediments from the Vosges Massif in France and found that elevation, slope, channel steepness, and precipitation were the primary factors controlling denudation rates. The study also revealed a significant relationship between the extent of past glaciation and the cosmogenic (un-)steadiness in the stream sediments.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Erik van der Wiel, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Cedric Thieulot, Wim Spakman
Summary: Numerical models of Earth's mantle dynamics can predict the vigour and mixing of mantle flow, and the average slab sinking rates are an unexplored parameter that can provide intrinsic information on these characteristics. Through numerical experiments, it has been found that slab sinking rates are strongly correlated with mantle convection and mixing, and may explain geochemical observations from hotspot volcanoes.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
