Antibiotic Use and Associated Factors in Patients with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Background Infections frequently occur in patients with dementia and antibiotics are often prescribed, but may also be withheld. Objectives The aim of this systematic review is to provide a systematic overview of the prevalence of antibiotic use, and factors associated with prescribing antibiotics in patients with dementia. Data Sources A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library databases until February 13, 2014 was performed, using both controlled terms and free-text terms. Results Thirty-seven articles were included. The point prevalence of antibiotic use in patients with dementia ranged from 3.3 to 16.6 %. The period prevalence ranged from 4.4 to 88 % overall, and from 23.5 to 94 % in variable time frames before death; the median use was 52 % (median period 14 days) and 48 % (median period 22 days), respectively. Most patients with lower respiratory tract infections or urinary tract infections (77-91 %) received antibiotic treatment. Factors associated with antibiotic use related to patients, families, physicians, and the healthcare context. More severe dementia and a poor prognosis were associated with less antibiotic use in various countries. Associations with aspiration and illness severity differed by country. Conclusions and Implications Antibiotic use in patients with dementia is substantial, and probably highly associated with the particular healthcare context. Future studies may report antibiotic use by infection type and stage of dementia, and compare cross-nationally.