Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sana Elham Kazi, Adeel Anwar
Summary: Pseudobulbar affect is an affective disorder characterized by uncontrollable outbursts of laughing or crying, often associated with stroke or traumatic brain injury. Timely diagnosis and management can improve patients' symptoms and quality of life.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jesus Sancho, Santos Ferrer, Enric Bures, Jose Luis Diaz, Teresa Torrecilla, Jaime Signes-Costa, Emilio Servera
Summary: The study showed that treatment with DM/Q in ALS patients does not prolong noninvasive respiratory management or prevent long-term deterioration of bulbar function. However, it was found to improve pseudobulbar affect during one-year follow-up.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Madeleine R. Frazier, Linda J. Hoffman, Haroon Popal, Holly Sullivan-Toole, Thomas M. Olino, Ingrid R. Olson
Summary: This manuscript reviews the literature on affective disturbances observed in individuals with cerebellar lesions and proposes a theoretical model based on cerebellar connectivity to explain how the cerebellum calibrates affect.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Da Xu, Shuang Chen, Jun Yang, Xiufeng Wang, Zhi Fang, Man Li
Summary: The clinical utility of quinidine therapy for KCNT1-related epileptic disorders is still uncertain, as contradictory results were found in similar patients. Age, seizure types, genotypes of KCNT1 mutations, and brain MRI did not significantly influence the therapeutic effects of quinidine.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Rachel E. Warsaw, Andrew Jones, Abigail K. Rose, Alice Newton-Fenner, Sophie Alshukri, Suzanne H. Gage
Summary: This study found that smartphone use has a negative impact on inhibition and decision-making, while increased engagement in video games and refraining from smartphone use before bedtime can improve working memory performance. However, there is a high risk of methodological biases and low quality of evidence in determining the relationship between technology use and executive functioning.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Matt Shirley
Summary: The introduction of multi-valent pneumococcal vaccines, such as PCV13, has significantly reduced the burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection globally. However, PCV13 does not cover all serotypes, and therefore, a new vaccine, PCV20, has been developed to expand the coverage. PCV20 has shown immunogenicity in adults and a similar safety profile to PCV13.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victor Kekere, Danish Qureshi, Amod Thanju, Patrice Fouron, Tolulope Olupona
Summary: Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a neurological condition characterized by spontaneous and uncontrollable episodes of inappropriate emotional expressions, such as crying or laughing, that do not match the person's mood. The exact cause of PBA is unknown, but it is believed to involve dysfunction in neural circuits and abnormalities in neurotransmitters associated with emotional expression. PBA is often misdiagnosed as depression due to overlapping symptoms, highlighting the importance of recognizing and treating both PBA and potential psychiatric comorbidities.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fardin Nabizadeh, Mahsa Nikfarjam, Mobin Azami, Hossein Sharifkazemi, Fatemeh Sodeifian
Summary: The prevalence of PBA was higher in ALS patients (38.5%) compared to PD (16.5%), MS (23.3%), and AD (16.4%) patients. The lack of proper recognition and treatment for PBA can significantly impact the quality of life and social interactions of affected individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Barbara-Mariana Gutierrez-Perez, Antonio-Victor Martin-Garcia, Alicia Murciano-Hueso, Ana-Paula de Oliveira Cardoso
Summary: This paper aims to qualitatively synthesize empirical research on video games and older adults. A total of 108 studies were analyzed, involving 15,902 individuals aged over 60. The majority of studies were conducted in the European context using a quantitative approach. The results identified 125 scales for assessing various aspects related to geriatric health, including physical health, functional quality, cognitive abilities, psychological well-being, and mental health.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaofan Wu, Zhining Li, Juan Lin, Zedu Huang, Fener Chen
Summary: The study improved Cyclohexylamine oxidase through engineering and mutagenesis, resulting in an evolved variant with higher catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity. In large-scale experiments, the enzyme demonstrated potential in the green synthesis of dextromethorphan with high optical purity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christian Nwabueze, Muhammad Azam, Victor Kekere, Nkolika Odenigbo, Fahima Banu, Patrice Fouron
Summary: Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a disconnect between emotions and expressions, resulting in significant impact on social, occupational, and interpersonal functioning. While pseudobulbar affect often occurs with underlying neuropsychiatric disorders, this case presents a unique situation with severe alcohol use disorder as the main factor. This rare occurrence highlights the need for further research on the role of alcohol in the etiology of PBA without underlying neuropsychiatric disorders.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bernard Belhassen, Oholi Tovia-Brodie
Summary: Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation is an important cause of cardiac arrest, and studies have shown the presence of short-coupled ventricular premature complexes in some patients. A review of 86 cases found that short-coupled malignant ventricular arrhythmias occurred almost equally in males and females, with an average age of 40 years. Syncope was the most common presentation, and quinidine showed slightly better control of arrhythmia than ablation during long-term follow-up.
JACC-CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dusti R. Jones, Jennifer E. Graham-Engeland
Summary: The research suggests that positive affect may promote health and longevity through stress-buffering mechanisms rather than directly affecting inflammatory markers. Studies using state/aggregated measures of positive affect showed more consistent associations with inflammatory markers.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Volker A. Coenen, Bastian E. A. Sajonz, Trevor A. Hurwitz, Marlies Boeck, Jonas A. Hosp, Peter C. Reinacher, Horst Urbach, Ganna Blazhenets, Philipp T. Meyer, Marco Reisert
Summary: This article reports two cases of stimulation induced pathological laughter (PL) in patients undergoing thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor and interprets the effects based on a modified neuroanatomy of positive affect display (PAD). The researchers found that a co-stimulation of parts of a fiber structure called motorMFB can lead to a non-volitional modulation of PAD, resulting in PL.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, Ananda Datta, Sourin Bhuniya, Shakti Kumar Bal, Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra
Summary: This study assessed the role of dextromethorphan premedication in relieving cough during flexible bronchoscopy in adults. The results showed that at the end of the procedure, patients in the dextromethorphan group had significantly lower cough scores compared to the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in cough scores and discomfort scores at 1 hour later.