Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Gian Marco Leone, Katia Mangano, Maria Cristina Petralia, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Paolo Fagone
Summary: Due to the important role of TNF-alpha in immunoinflammatory diseases, TNF-alpha inhibitors have been successfully developed and used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Currently, there are five approved anti-TNF-alpha drugs and biosimilars available. This review discusses the historical development, current and potential future applications, as well as the search for biomarkers to predict responsiveness to these therapies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shahid Ahmed Junejo, Bernadine M. Flanagan, Bin Zhang, Sushil Dhital
Summary: Starch naturally exists as insoluble semi-crystalline granules assembled by amylose and amylopectin. While there has been a vast amount of research in the area, some features of starch still remain not fully understood and require further elucidation. Understanding starch structure is crucial in improving the nutritional value of the world's principal energy source, especially with the rise of diet-related diseases.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Stefan Rose-John, Brendan J. Jenkins, Christoph Garbers, Jens M. Moll, Juergen Scheller
Summary: This review discusses the discovery of the IL-6 trans-signalling pathway and the development of biologics that specifically inhibit this pathway. Targeting IL-6 trans-signalling can decrease disease-promoting activities of IL-6 without blocking its protective actions.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xingliang Li, Qiaojing Xu, Lingling Yan, Chengchao Ren, Biao Shi, Pengyang Wang, Sayantan Mazumdar, Guofu Hou, Ying Zhao, Xiaodan Zhang
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of current research on SHJ-based tandem solar cells, including different types of SHJ-TSCs, fabrication processes, materials optimization, as well as opportunities and challenges in the field.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xingliang Li, Qiaojing Xu, Lingling Yan, Chengchao Ren, Biao Shi, Pengyang Wang, Sayantan Mazumdar, Guofu Hou, Ying Zhao, Xiaodan Zhang
Summary: The article provides a comprehensive overview of current research on SHJ-based tandem solar cells, including structure, fabrication processes, materials, and optimization methods. Opportunities and challenges of SHJ-TSCs are highlighted, along with personal perspectives on future development directions in this field.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Farah Omran, Ioannis Kyrou, Faizel Osman, Ven Gee Lim, Harpal Singh Randeva, Kamaljit Chatha
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major healthcare burden worldwide. Early detection is crucial for prevention and treatment, and biomarkers play a critical role. Traditional cardiac biomarkers have been replaced by new ones, but their limitations remain. Further research is needed to evaluate the value of future cardiac biomarkers in improving CVD detection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gehane Ghaly, Hatem Tallima, Eslam Dabbish, Norhan Badr ElDin, Mohamed K. Abd El-Rahman, Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim, Tamer Shoeib
Summary: The rise in cancer incidence and treatment deficiencies have made cancer the second-leading cause of death globally. This has resulted from various factors, including treatment-related side effects, drug resistance, inadequate curative treatment, and tumor relapse. Anti-cancer bioactive peptides (ACPs) are being explored as a potential therapeutic choice due to their high penetration, specificity, and fewer side effects. This review provides an overview of the literature on the conformational structures, modes of action, and membrane interaction mechanisms of ACPs, as well as their successful employment as targeting ligands in cancer treatment. The use of ACPs as a diagnostic tool and their advantages in these applications are discussed, along with approaches for peptide synthesis, reconstruction, and modification. Computational approaches for predicting therapeutic efficacy and suggesting ACP candidates for experimental studies are also highlighted.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aeyaz Ahmad Bhat, Nitin Tandon, Runjhun Tandon
Summary: Diabetes Mellitus is a leading cause of deaths worldwide and is particularly burdensome on developing and underdeveloped countries. The use of pyrrolidine derivatives as drug candidates for diabetes treatment is gaining attention, and this review aims to compile important research in this area to aid researchers in designing and synthesizing novel pyrrolidine derivatives with desired clinical outcomes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zi-You Yu, Yu Duan, Xing-Yu Feng, Xingxing Yu, Min-Rui Gao, Shu-Hong Yu
Summary: The hydrogen economy has emerged as a promising alternative to the current hydrocarbon economy, involving the use of renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen for further utilization as clean fuel. Among various water electrolysis technologies, alkaline water splitting has been commercialized for over 100 years and is considered the most mature and economic option. Advanced nonprecious metal electrocatalysts have shown potential for improving the efficiency and stability of alkaline water splitting processes, with a focus on catalyst synthesis and performance improvement.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vamika Karn, Shaista Ahmed, Lung-Wen Tsai, Rajni Dubey, Shreesh Ojha, Himanshu Naryan Singh, Mukesh Kumar, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Soumi Sadhu, Niraj Kumar Jha, Ashutosh Kumar, Soumya Pandit, Sanjay Kumar
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on public health and the economy, prompting an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in suppressing the cytokine storm and aiding in the recovery and treatment of COVID-19.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marcela Krecmerova, Pavel Majer, Rana Rais, Barbara S. Slusher
Summary: This review focuses on biologically active phosphonates used in various biomedical applications. The synthesis and modification of prodrugs are discussed, as well as the potential of these compounds in treating viral infections.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ahmad Husain, Mohd Urooj Shariq
Summary: The development of highly efficient gas/vapour sensors is urgently needed due to the increasing emission of various hazardous and highly flammable gases/vapours. Detecting and quantifying these chemicals is important for controlling and monitoring pollutants, toxins, and flammable gases/vapours to ensure ecosystem safety. Polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites have shown improved gas/vapour sensing properties compared to pristine PPy, and have been used for the detection and monitoring of various gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nadezhda M. Kolyasnikova, Nikolay B. Pestov, Jeanne P. Sanchez-Pimentel, Nikolay A. Barlev, Aidar A. Ishmukhametov
Summary: The idea of using viruses to destroy malignant cells has been around for a long time, but it has only gained significant attention in recent years due to the successful use of oncolytic viruses in treating advanced melanoma. This review focuses on the history of oncolytic viruses in Russia and discusses recent biotechnological advancements and their potential applications in aggressive tumors like glioblastoma or pancreatic cancer. The use of virus-derived vectors armed with prodrug-converting enzymes and the improvement of oncotropism through conjugation with biopolymers and nanoformulations are also explored.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
J. N. Sahu, Rama Rao Karri, Hossain M. Zabed, Shahriar Shams, Xianghui Qi
Summary: Industrialization and urbanization have led to the generation of vast amounts of wastewater, which often remains untreated and causes water pollution. Treatment of wastewater is a promising approach to mitigate pollution, with Nano-biotechnology showing potential in removing pollutants and pathogens. However, significant challenges exist in the utilization of NBT in wastewater treatment.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher W. Schultz, Avinoam Nevler
Summary: This article provides an in-depth analysis of the history of Pyrvinium as a therapeutic, the rationale and data supporting its use as an anticancer agent, and the challenges associated with repurposing Pyrvinium as an anti-cancer agent. Despite the evidence supporting Pyrvinium's efficacy against cancer through various mechanisms, it has not yet been repurposed for cancer treatment and may face challenges.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Novita D. Naomi, Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma, Marion E. C. Buso, Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu, Joanne A. Harrold, Jason C. G. Halford, Anne Raben, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Edith J. M. Feskens
Summary: This study examined the associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), low/no-calorie beverages (LNCB), and fruit juice (FJ) and all-cause mortality in Dutch adults. The results showed adverse associations between SSB consumption and all-cause mortality, while replacing SSB with LNCB might be associated with lower mortality risk, particularly in women. Moderate intake of FJ was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Vicki Mooney, Louise A. Baur, Abdullah Bereket, Bassam Bin-Abbas, Walter Chen, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Nayely Garibay Nieto, Juan Pedro Lopez Siguero, Claudio Maffeis, Cynthia Karenina Osorto, Ricardo Reynoso, Young-Jun Rhie, Martin Toro-Ramos, Jason C. G. Halford
Summary: This is a summary of the research survey called ACTION Teens. The survey included a total of 12,987 participants from 10 countries, including teenagers with obesity, caregivers of teenagers with obesity, and doctors who provide medical care for teenagers with obesity. The main findings show that most teenagers with obesity were concerned about their weight and believed that losing weight was their own responsibility. Improved communication between teenagers, caregivers, and doctors is needed to better support and understand teenagers with obesity.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Isabel Valero-Morales, Claudia Nieto, Abad Garcia, Juan Espinosa-Montero, Tania C. C. Aburto, Mimi Tatlow-Golden, Emma Boyland, Simon Barquera
Summary: Food and beverage marketing targeting children and adolescents on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube in Mexico was analyzed. The study found that the majority of posts used marketing techniques to appeal to children and adolescents, and a high percentage of promoted food products were unhealthy according to Mexican warning labels. The use of hashtags related to the COVID-19 pandemic was also common. These findings highlight the need for stronger food marketing regulations and suggest the influence of digital marketing on food preferences and health outcomes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Surya Panicker Rajeev, Carl Alexander Roberts, Emily Brown, Victoria S. Sprung, Jo A. Harrold, Jason C. G. Halford, Andrej Stancak, Emma J. Boyland, Graham J. Kemp, Julie Perry, Elaine Howarth, Richard Jackson, Andrew Wiemken, Richard Schwab, Daniel J. Cuthbertson, John P. H. Wilding
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of dapagliflozin on food intake, eating behavior, energy expenditure, brain response to food cues, and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that dapagliflozin reduced glycated hemoglobin and body weight, but did not affect food intake or energy expenditure.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marion E. C. Buso, Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma, Novita D. Naomi, Joy Ngo, Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu, Christina Mavrogianni, Joanne A. Harrold, Jason C. G. Halford, Anne Raben, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Yannis Manios, Luis Serra-Majem, Edith J. M. Feskens
Summary: This analysis of five European studies found a weak positive association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and weight and waist change, while low/no-calorie sweetened beverage (LNCB) consumption was only associated with weight change. Theoretical substitutions did not show any clear association.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joanne A. Harrold, Scott Hill, Cristina Radu, Paul Thomas, Paula Thorp, Charlotte A. Hardman, Paul Christiansen, Jason C. G. Halford
Summary: Non-nutritive sweetened beverages can be more effective in maintaining weight loss compared to water in a behavioral weight management program, but the difference is not clinically significant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. Suckling, S. Morse, R. Murphy, S. Astley, C. Boy, J. C. G. Halford, J. A. Harrold, A. Le-Bail, E. Koukouna, H. Musinovic, A. Raben, M. Roe, J. Scholten, C. Scott, C. Westbroek
Summary: Due to the negative health effects of excessive sugar consumption, there is increasing interest in replacing added sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers. This study assesses the environmental impacts of the sweetness enhancer thaumatin, produced from Thaumatococcus daniellii fruit, through a life cycle assessment. Results show that thaumatin can reduce the environmental impact of providing sweet taste in food and beverage products.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. Suckling, S. Morse, R. Murphy, M. Raats, S. Astley, J. C. G. Halford, J. A. Harrold, A. Le-Bail, E. Koukouna, H. Musinovic, A. Raben, M. Roe, J. Scholten, C. Scott, C. Westbroek
Summary: This study quantitatively assesses the environmental impact of aspartame and neotame as non-nutritive sweeteners, finding that they have great potential to replace added sugar with reduced environmental impact. However, there are significant uncertainties related to life cycle inventory data and data derivation method.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michelle D. Pang, Jacco J. A. J. Bastings, Yvonne M. H. Op den Kamp-Bruls, Joanne A. Harrold, Louise Kjolbaek, Jason C. G. Halford, Tanja C. M. Adam, Anne Raben, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Gijs H. Goossens, Ellen E. Blaak
Summary: This study investigated the effects of weight loss on insulin sensitivity, intrahepatic lipid content and composition in individuals with overweight or obesity. The results showed that weight loss decreased intrahepatic lipid content and hepatic saturated fatty acid fraction, and these changes were associated with improved hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joanne A. A. Harrold, Scott Hill, Cristina Radu, Paul Thomas, Paula Thorp, Charlotte A. A. Hardman, Paul Christiansen, Jason C. G. Halford
Summary: The objective of this study was to compare the weight loss effects of non-nutritive sweetened beverages and water after a 12-week behavioral weight-management program. The study found that both non-nutritive sweetened beverages and water were equally effective for weight loss during the program.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mark Randle, Amy L. Ahern, Emma Boyland, Paul Christiansen, Jason C. G. Halford, Jack Stevenson-Smith, Carl Roberts
Summary: Dietary temptations and lapses pose challenges to weight loss efforts. Previous methods of assessing these experiences, such as laboratory settings and retrospective measures, have limitations as they do not capture the real-time nature of these occurrences. This study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine how appetitive and affective factors associate with temptations and lapses during dieting. Findings suggest that changes in appetite and mood coincide with temptations and lapses, and that coping strategies can effectively prevent lapses. These results highlight the importance of monitoring sensations during dieting to identify critical moments for intervention.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emma Boyland, Michelle Maden, Anna E. Coates, Travis D. Masterson, Monique C. Alblas, Amanda S. Bruce, Carl A. Roberts
Summary: This study provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the impact of food marketing on the brain activities of children and adults. The findings suggest that regions associated with visual processing, attention, sensorimotor activity, and emotional processing consistently show higher activation in response to food marketing stimuli.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rebecca K. Evans, Paul Christiansen, Amy Finlay, Andrew Jones, Michelle Maden, Emma Boyland
Summary: Videogame livestreaming platforms are popular among young people, and food brands have a strong presence on these platforms. However, the impact of food marketing on young people has not been studied.
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. Bereket, L. A. Baur, B. Bin-Abbas, W. Chen, F. Fernandez-Aranda, N. Garibay Nieto, J. C. G. Halford, J. P. Lopez Siguero, C. Maffeis, V. Mooney, C. K. Osorto, R. Reynoso, Y. J. Rhie, M. Toro-Ramos