Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Maria Nieddu, Elena Baralla, Valeria Pasciu, Maria Grazia Rimoli, Gianpiero Boatto
Summary: The chemical modification of psychoactive substances is a common practice in the illicit drugs market, leading to the production of designer drugs with similar or greater effects. However, the available immunoassays for amphetamine derivatives are unable to detect various analogues, resulting in potential false-negative results. This review emphasizes the need for more comprehensive screening immunoassays to analyze biological samples for designer drugs.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Katherine O. Ivens, Chung Y. Cho, Eric A. E. Garber
Summary: The xMAP food allergen detection assay is a multiplex immunoassay that allows for the detection of multiple food allergens and gluten in a single analysis. However, analysis of botanicals as spices requires attention to their inherent cross-reactivity with the antibodies used in detection.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Myojeong Kim, Euna You, Seongjin Park, Sungwoo Hong
Summary: The modern synthesis aims to develop distinct reaction pathways from identical starting materials for efficient synthesis of diverse compounds. By controlling the reaction conditions and using specific compound combinations, the method allows for high-efficiency synthesis of a variety of compounds with a broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dmitriy V. Sotnikov, Anatoly V. Zherdev, Elena A. Zvereva, Sergei A. Eremin, Boris B. Dzantiev
Summary: The study shows that cross-reactivity in immunoassays can be modulated by adjusting reagent concentrations and the mode of antigen-antibody reaction, rather than seeking new binding reactants. Lowering reagent concentrations can significantly reduce cross-reactivities in immunodetection.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Keisuke Ueno, Yuji Nishii, Masahiro Miura
Summary: A unique directing effect of 9-substituted triptycenes in electrophilic substitution was revealed, allowing for the regioselective functionalization of the triptycene core. TMS and t-Bu groups were found to significantly accelerate the reaction at C2 positions to produce C3symmetric isomers. Furthermore, a systematic examination of the correlation between distortion and charge distribution within benzene rings was conducted.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Heli Fan, Xiaohua Peng
Summary: Two small libraries of 2-OMe or 2-NO2-benzene analogues containing various leaving groups were synthesized and characterized, with compounds containing a 2-methoxy substituent showing faster cross-linking reaction rates and higher efficiency. The benzylic leaving groups greatly affected DNA cross-linking efficiency, with compounds containing OCH3, OCH2Ph, or Ph3P+ as leaving groups showing higher ICL yields. The heat stability study indicated that dGs were the preferred alkylation sites in DNA for the benzyl cations produced from certain compounds.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grant C. Glatfelter, Donna Walther, Michael Evans-Brown, Michael H. Baumann
Summary: Synthetic cathinones, such as eutylone, pose potential risks due to their effects on neurotransmitter transporters in the brain, leading to stimulant effects in mice.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Letter
Chemistry, Organic
Zhenming Hao, Liming Hu, Xiaonan Wang, Youjun Liu, Shanyan Mo
Summary: In this study, a method for synthesizing cyanine dyes (Cy7) from furfural derivatives was reported. A one-pot reaction strategy was developed to overcome the instability of Stenhouse salts. Furthermore, a stepwise condensation strategy was used to selectively synthesize asymmetrical Cy7. This methodology offers advantages such as easy handling, high yield, wide substrate scopes, and good functional group tolerance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan Vrana, Josef Holub, Maksim A. Samsonov, Zdenka Ruzickova, Josef Cvacka, Michael L. McKee, Jindrich Fanfrlik, Drahomir Hnyk, Ales Ruzicka
Summary: In contrast to the prevalence of neutral or anionic species, the authors have developed a method to prepare water-soluble cationic polyhedral boranes by reacting closo-10-vertex carboranes with N-heterocyclic carbenes. These cationic boron clusters may have potential for novel applications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yafeng Wang, Jialian Ding, Ping Zhou, Jilin Liu, Zhiyuan Qiao, Kai Yu, Jie Jiang, Bin Su
Summary: In this study, the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) generation by Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and five tertiary amine coreactants was investigated. The ECL distance and reactivity of the coreactants were measured, and the integrated ECL intensity was used to quantitatively evaluate the reactivity. Statistical analysis of ECL images of labeled microbeads showed that the ECL distance and reactivity of the coreactant determine the emission intensity and sensitivity of immunoassay. BIS-TRIS was found to balance the trade-off between ECL distance and reactivity, resulting in a 236% increase in sensitivity compared to TPrA in the bead-based immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Pavel K. Elkin, Nathaniel D. Durfee, Viresh H. Rawal
Summary: The study explores the cycloaddition reactions of 1-alkoxy-1-amino-1,3-butadienes, which are prepared from crotonic acid chloride and its derivatives. These doubly activated dienes react with electron-deficient dienophiles to form cycloadducts under mild conditions, providing versatile building blocks for complex molecule synthesis. Hydrolysis of the DA cycloadducts yields 6-substituted and 6,6-disubstituted 2-cylohexenones, while the corresponding HDA cycloadducts afford 6-substituted 5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones.
Article
Substance Abuse
Steven J. Simmons, Chicora F. Oliver, Nicholas S. McCloskey, Allen B. Reitz, Sunil U. Nayak, Mia N. Watson, Scott M. Rawls
Summary: The study found that the synthetic cathinone MDPV has a surprising anxiolytic-like effect in rats 24 hours after cessation of repeated exposure, which is sensitive to the activity of chemokine CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Da Jin, Xiaofei Sun, Alexander Hinz, Peter W. Roesky
Summary: This article describes the synthesis and characterization of rare-earth metal complexes with redox-active formazanate ligands. Different types of complexes were obtained through protonation and salt metathesis reactions, and their electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
James L. Douthwaite, Ruheng Zhao, Eunjae Shim, Babak Mahjour, Paul M. Zimmerman, Tim Cernak
Summary: We developed a new reaction method for the cross-coupling of alkyl amines and aryl carboxylic acids, by preactivating the amine-acid building blocks. This reaction forms C-(sp(3))-C-(sp(2)) bonds and shows good yields for various substrates, including pharmaceutical compounds. High-throughput experimentation led to the discovery of performance-enhancing additives such as phthalimide, RuCl3, and GaCl3.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lorenzo Pandolfi, Andrea Giunchi, Tommaso Salzillo, Aldo Brillante, Raffaele G. Della Valle, Elisabetta Venuti, Fabrizia Grepioni, Simone D'Agostino
Summary: The study demonstrates that solid solutions can be used to modulate the kinetics of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions. The composition of the solid solution was found to affect the reaction rate, which is influenced by a subtle interplay of structural and electronic factors as well as other processes.