Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ignacio Lucas, Romina Miranda-Olivos, Giulia Testa, Roser Granero, Isabel Sanchez, Jessica Sanchez-Gonzalez, Susana Jimenez-Murcia, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
Summary: This study examined the relationship between treatment outcomes and decision-making learning abilities in patients with eating disorders using the Iowa Gambling Task. The results indicated that learning performance in decision-making tasks could predict future therapy outcomes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Suzanne Festen, Yvette Z. van Twisk, Barbara C. van Munster, Pauline de Graeff
Summary: This study examined the most important health outcomes for older patients on the verge of making a treatment decision, finding that most patients prioritized maintaining independence as their top goal, followed by extending life. Patients with cognitive impairment were more likely to prioritize extending life. The Outcome Prioritization Tool was found to be feasible as a decision aid for most patients, emphasizing the importance of considering patient preferences in shared decision-making.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Emelie Hovelius, Ellen Linden, Hans Bengtsson, Anders Hakansson
Summary: The study revealed that insecure attachment style was more common among patients in methadone or buprenorphine maintenance treatment programs. There were significant correlations between attachment style and core beliefs about the self, while patients who were not working or studying tended to have more maladaptive self-schemas and insecure attachment styles.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Miro Schleicher, Petra Brueggemann, Benjamin Boecking, Uli Niemann, Birgit Mazurek, Myra Spiliopoulou
Summary: This study investigates the use of a minimal set of questionnaires to predict treatment outcomes for patients with chronic tinnitus, with the goal of reducing patient burden. The results indicate that only two questionnaires are needed to predict the target outcomes.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Lindsay A. Hampson, Anne M. Suskind, Benjamin N. Breyer, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Rebecca L. Sudore, Salomeh Keyhani, I. Elaine Allen, Louise C. Walter
Summary: This study aimed to quantify the frequency of decisional regret among male stress urinary incontinence (mSUI) patients and determine factors associated with regret. The study found that 22% of the entire cohort reported moderate to severe decisional regret. Depression, lower rating of shared decision making, and higher current incontinence scores were significantly associated with decisional regret. These findings suggest the need to pay attention to depressive symptoms, enhance shared decision making, and provide more individualized treatment counseling to improve patient satisfaction with treatment choice.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Dae Hyun Kim, Sandra M. Shi, Danette Carroll, Mehdi Najafzadeh, Lee-Jen Wei
Summary: The study compared the effect of RMST-based approach and conventional approach on decisional conflict in older adults with hypertension, finding that both approaches were similarly effective in reducing decisional conflict. This suggests that RMST-based approach could be used along with absolute and relative risk reduction to communicate treatment benefits and harms effectively.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kang An, Zengxiang Wu, Yu Qiu, Mengjia Pan, Lin Zhang, Zhenmei An, Shuangqing Li
Summary: The implementation of shared decision making (SDM) in sarcopenia management is still in its early stage, but accumulating evidence suggests its importance in elderly care. This study provides an overview of general SDM practices and explores potential advantages and challenges of incorporating them into sarcopenia management. Structured techniques, such as the seek-help-assess-reach-evaluate approach, can effectively integrate SDM into daily practice and improve patient adherence and satisfaction. Further research is needed to address barriers to SDM implementation and explore measurement and outcomes, coordination and cooperation, and digital technology. The study concludes that integrating SDM into clinical practice offers promising opportunities to improve patient care, with patient-centered and partnership approaches positively impacting treatment outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ryszard Tomasiuk, Jan Dabrowski, Jolanta Smykiewicz, Magdalena Wiacek
Summary: This study developed a mathematical model using specific parameters to predict the outcome of COVID-19 treatment, showing significant differences between survivors and deceased patients in all parameters studied. The model achieved 97% precision in predicting hospitalization outcomes, indicating its potential as a diagnostic tool in hospital settings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Julian Edbrooke-Childs, Anisatu Rashid, Benjamin Ritchie, Jessica Deighton
Summary: This study conducted a secondary analysis on routinely collected data from child and adolescent mental health services in England to examine the predictors of treatment outcome or improvement in mental health difficulties for young people. The results showed that girls had higher levels of mental health difficulties at baseline compared to boys, and they also experienced higher levels of deterioration in mental health difficulties at follow up. Additionally, young people with social anxiety, panic disorder, low mood, or self-harm had higher levels of mental health difficulties at baseline and at follow up.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Marcus Sheaves, Carlo Mattone, Rod M. Connolly, Stephanie Hernandez, Ivan Nagelkerken, Nicholas Murray, Michael Ronan, Nathan John Waltham, Michael Bradley
Summary: The history of marine and coastal ecosystem management is often marked by poor outcomes due to a lack of relevant knowledge and uncertainty about the link between action taken and outcome achieved. Ecological Constraint Mapping provides a framework for developing actionable knowledge and transitioning to knowledge-based decision-making on ecological issues, particularly in the complex nature of marine and coastal systems.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ali Abdi Seyedkolaei, Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno
Summary: This paper addresses the controller placement problem in software-defined networks by segmenting the network into subdomains and using multi-criteria decision-making methods along with a proposed mathematical model to minimize costs and improve survivability and load balancing. The proposed method outperforms existing methods such as CPMDP and CPAHP, showing a significant improvement in reducing network implementation costs.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING
(2021)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Thomas Kvist, Bjorn Hofmann
Summary: Root-filled teeth with post-treatment disease are common in dental practice. Decisions in endodontics require consideration of uncertainties and value judgments, and understanding the complexity of clinical decision-making is important.
INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Evangelia E. Vassalou, Michail E. Klontzas, Athena P. Plagou, Apostolos H. Karantanas
Summary: Prognostic factors affecting clinical outcome in rotator cuff ultrasound-guided percutaneous irrigation of calcific tendinopathy (US-PICT) were evaluated in a study of 79 patients. Factors such as calcification size, consistency, and baseline pain levels were found to impact pain and functionality improvements, with large calcifications and low-grade pain correlating with short- and long-term pain improvement.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sofie Schryvers, Thomas De Bock, Mieke Uyttendaele, Liesbeth Jacxsens
Summary: This study demonstrates the use and application possibilities of the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodology in food safety risk management, specifically in the washing of minimally processed leafy greens. The study found that the washing procedure is critical in preventing cross-contamination of pathogens, and that the use of chemical sanitizers in produce wash water is inconsistent across EU member states. Through the MCDA methodology, the most appropriate washing method was determined to be using potable (ice) water.
Article
Neurosciences
Debra A. Bercovici, Oren Princz-Lebel, Jackson D. Schumacher, Valerie M. Lo, Stan B. Floresco
Summary: The present study investigates the role of the prelimbic (PL) cortex in decision-making processes by manipulating its activity in different phases of the decision process. The results demonstrate that inhibiting PL activity before choice or after outcome significantly affects decision bias and the influence of recent outcomes on subsequent choices. These findings highlight the multifaceted contributions of the PL cortex in decision implementation and contextual integration of action-outcome feedback.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Substance Abuse
Nassim Tabri, Silas Xuereb, Natalie Cringle, Luke Clark
Summary: The meta-analysis found that financial gambling motives are positively associated with both gambling frequency and level of problem gambling, even after controlling for other gambling motives. Effect sizes varied and moderators such as the type of gambling motives measure and sample mean age were identified.
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Luke Clark, Michael J. A. Wohl
Summary: E.J. Langer's paper on 'The illusion of control' highlighted people's illusory beliefs in controlling chance-determined games, impacting the field of gambling studies. This work inspired therapeutic and preventative approaches, as well as regulatory scrutiny of skill mechanics in modern gambling products.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lilla Alexandra Porffy, Mitul A. Mehta, Joel Patchitt, Celia Boussebaa, Jack Brett, Teresa D'Oliveira, Elias Mouchlianitis, Sukhi S. Shergill
Summary: In this study, a novel virtual reality shopping task called VStore was developed and its construct validity was established by comparing it with the established computerized cognitive battery, Cogstate. The results showed that VStore is sensitive to age-related cognitive decline and engages standard cognitive domains.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield, Candy Chua, Natalie Cringle, Kent MacDonald, Mario A. Ferrari, Ke Zhang, Luke Clark
Summary: Research suggests that cash purchases create a 'pain of paying' while more abstract forms of payment alleviate it; although the impact of mode of payment on gambling behavior was not directly demonstrated, findings from experiments showed systematic influences on certain gambling behaviors.
ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Joel Billieux, Celine Bonnaire, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, Luke Clark
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
D. A. Martins, N. Mazibuko, F. Zelaya, S. Vasilakopoulou, J. Loveridge, A. Oates, S. Maltezos, M. Mehta, S. Wastling, M. Howard, G. McAlonan, D. Murphy, S. C. R. Williams, A. Fotopoulou, U. Schuschnig, Y. Paloyelis
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Brandon J. Forys, Ryan J. Tomm, Dayana Stamboliyska, Alex R. Terpstra, Luke Clark, Trisha Chakrabarty, Stan B. Floresco, Rebecca M. Todd
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between anxiety and depression levels and performance in effortful active and inhibitory avoidance as well as reward seeking. The results showed that men exerted more effort than women in both avoidance and reward-seeking tasks, and higher anxiety scores were associated with worse performance in active reward-seeking. Additionally, gender interacted with anxiety scores and inhibitory avoidance performance, with women showing worse avoidance performance when they had higher anxiety levels.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gabriel A. Brooks, Luke Clark
Summary: Cross-sectional studies have shown a strong correlation between loot box engagement and problem gambling, but the causal relationship is still unclear. This longitudinal study investigates the possibility of 'migration' from loot box use to gambling initiation six months later. The findings indicate empirical evidence for migration from loot boxes to gambling and suggest the need for regulatory measures for young gamers and gamblers.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nace Mikus, Christoph Eisenegger, Christoph Mathys, Luke Clark, Ulrich Mueller, Trevor W. Robbins, Claus Lamm, Michael Naef
Summary: The study investigates the impact of the D2/D3 dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride on learning about other people's prosocial attitudes. The results show that sulpiride increases the volatility of beliefs, leading to higher precision weights on prediction errors. This effect is more significant in participants with genetically conferred higher dopamine availability and remains even after controlling for working memory performance. The findings demonstrate the importance of D2 receptors in regulating belief updating in a social context.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Suzanne O' Brien, Arjun Sethi, James Blair, Essi Viding, Ahmad Beyh, Mitul A. Mehta, Robert Dallyn, Christine Ecker, Marija M. Petrinovic, Moira Doolan, Nigel Blackwood, Marco Catani, Declan G. M. Murphy, Stephen Scott, Michael C. Craig
Summary: This study found that microstructural abnormalities in the brains of children with conduct problems may be reversible following parenting intervention.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Jenna L. Vieira, Hyoun S. Kim, Luke Clark, Nassim Tabri, Michael J. A. Wohl
Summary: This research aimed to assess factors that motivate in-play sports betting and found that emotion regulation motives and impulsivity influenced the frequency of in-play betting. The results showed that individuals reported increased excitement after placing an in-play bet, and the relationship between emotion regulation motives and in-play betting frequency was amplified among those with high trait affective impulsivity.
PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Laith Alexander, Peter C. T. Hawkins, Jennifer W. Evans, Mitul A. Mehta, Carlos A. Zarate Jr
Summary: This study investigated the effects of ketamine on different subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses. The results showed that ketamine had differential effects on the connectivity between the ACC and other brain regions, and these effects were associated with improvements in depression and anhedonia symptoms. Accurate segmentation of the ACC is crucial for understanding the precise effects of ketamine in treating depression.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Mario A. Ferrari, Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield, Luke Clark
Summary: Habit formation is a crucial process in addictive behaviors, but it has not been extensively studied in the context of gambling. This study used fixed-effects regressions to examine habit formation and its predictors in slot machine gambling.
INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Fiza Arshad, Luke Clark
Summary: This review examines the importance of immersion in gambling addiction and other behavioral addictions, as well as the neural systems and neurochemical substrates involved in this state. Previous research has mainly focused on immersion from the perspectives of dissociation and flow theory. Immersive experiences are also observed in other forms of addiction. The neural basis of immersion is influenced by the regulation of dopamine and potentially noradrenergic pathways, and further research is needed to refine measurement and integrate dissociation and flow perspectives.
CURRENT BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Amy Rachel Bland, Jonathan Paul Roiser, Mitul Ashok Mehta, Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian, Trevor William Robbins, Rebecca Elliott
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 social isolation has an impact on emotional and social cognitive function, with reduced contact with friends, smaller household size, and changes in communication methods leading to a decrease in positive bias in emotion recognition and attention to emotional faces. Conversely, increased contact with friends and family during social isolation was associated with greater cooperative behavior.
COGNITION & EMOTION
(2022)
