Comparison of Sorafenib-Loaded Poly (Lactic/Glycolic) Acid and DPPC Liposome Nanoparticles in the in Vitro Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma

The objective of this study is to develop and compare several Sorafenib-loaded biocompatible nanoparticle models in order to optimize drug delivery and tumor cellular kill thereby improving the quality of Sorafenib-regimented chemotherapy. Sorafenib-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposomes, and hydrophobically modified chitosan (HMC)-coated DPPC liposomes were evaluated for several characteristics including zeta potential, drug loading, and release profile. Cytotoxicity and uptake trials were also studied using cell line RCC 786-0, a human metastatic clear cell histology renal cell carcinoma cell line. Sorafenib-loaded PLGA particles and HMC-coated DPPC liposomes exhibited significantly improved cell kill compared to Sorafenib alone at lower concentrations, namely 10-15 and 5-15 M from 24 to 96 h, respectively. At maximum dosage and time (15 M and 96 h), Sorafenib-loaded PLGA and HMC-coated liposomes killed 88.3 +/- 1.8% and 98 +/- 1.1% of all tumor cells, significant values compared with Sorafenib 81.8 +/- 1.7% (p < 0.01). Likewise, HMC coating substantially improved cell kill for liposome model for all concentrations (5-15 M) and at time points (24-96 h) (p < 0.01). PLGA and HMC-coated liposomes are promising platforms for drug delivery of Sorafenib. Because of different particle characteristics of PLGA and liposomes, each model can be further developed for unique clinical modalities. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:1187-1196, 2015