Article
Oncology
Kayo Sakon, Masato Sasaki, Kaede Tanaka, Tae Mizunaga, Keita Yano, Yuuko Kawamura, Akitoshi Okada, Takeshi Ikeda, Sawaka Tanabe, Atsushi Takamori, Narihisa Yamada, Kouichi Morioka, Takaaki Koshiji
Summary: This study evaluated the mRNA expression levels of five folic acid-associated enzymes in NSCLC and their correlation with the sensitivity to 5-FU. It was found that the expression of TS, FPGS, and DHFR correlated with 5-FU sensitivity, while DPD and OPRT did not show any correlation. This suggests that FPGS and DHFR expression levels may be useful for predicting the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for NSCLC.
Article
Oncology
Atul Batra, Rodrigo Rigo, Malek B. Hannouf, Winson Y. Cheung
Summary: The study evaluated the safety and efficacy of raltitrexed in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had experienced serious adverse events with fluoropyrimidine-based therapy. Raltitrexed showed a median progression-free survival of 8.5 months and overall survival of 10.2 months, with no grade 4 adverse events or cardiotoxicity. The drug was well-tolerated and effective in this patient population.
CLINICAL COLORECTAL CANCER
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qingrong Li, Qiang Ma, Lei Xu, Chuanli Gao, Lihua Yao, Jilin Wen, Miyuan Yang, Jibing Cheng, Xi Zhou, Jiang Zou, Xiaowu Zhong, Xiaolan Guo
Summary: hTERT is significantly upregulated in esophageal squamous cancer, promoting proliferation and migration of cancer cells. DHA inhibits proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer cells by down-regulating hTERT expression through the ROS/SP1 pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Allen Herbst, Solbie Choi, Austin N. Hoang, Chiye Kim, Diana Martinez Moreno, Debbie McKenzie, Judd M. Aiken, Jonathan Wanagat
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Remdesivir on mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion mutation frequency in aged rodents. The results showed that three months of Remdesivir treatment did not affect the quality and quantity of mitochondrial DNA in old rats.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irina Malinova, Arkadiusz Zupok, Amid Massouh, Mark Aurel Schoettler, Etienne H. Meyer, Liliya Yaneva-Roder, Witold Szymanski, Margit Roessner, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock, Stephan Greiner
Summary: The study reveals the presence of translational recoding mechanism in chloroplasts, which can correct frameshift mutations and restore photoautotrophic growth in the presence of mutations that would otherwise be lethal.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahtab Peyambari, Shengxi Guan, Marilyn J. Roossinck
Summary: Experimental findings show that RdRp proteins of partitiviruses have reverse transcriptase (RT) function, can be active at lower temperatures, sparking researchers to question why these viruses have RT capabilities.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clive R. Bagshaw, Jendrik Hentschel, Michael D. Stone
Summary: Telomerases are moderately processive reverse transcriptases that extend the 3' ends of linear chromosomes using an integral RNA template. The processivity values vary at different positions, with a characteristic strong band every 6th position in gel electrophoresis due to repeat nucleotides. This analysis reveals that higher product concentrations associated with a certain type of processivity arise from a stalling of nucleotide incorporation during translocation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jie Xu, Fang-Ping Xu, Zhi-Hua Liu, Qian Cui, Ke-Ping Zhang, Zhi Li
Summary: This study investigated the correlations between mutations in the TERT promoter and IDH1/2 mutations or 1p/19q deletion in human gliomas. The results showed a positive correlation between TERT promoter mutations and 1p/19q deletion, as well as a negative correlation between TERT promoter mutations and IDH gene mutations, except in certain cases. This suggests a complex inter-regulatory relationship between these mutations in human gliomas.
Article
Oncology
Mihong Choi, Heung Tae, Ji-Youn Han, Geon Kook Lee, Soo-Hyun Lee, Kun Young Lim, Jungnam Joo, Hye Jin Won, Jin Soo Lee, Youngjoo Lee
Summary: In a single-arm phase II trial, pemetrexed showed modest activity as a salvage chemotherapy in patients with advanced lung SqCC with low TS expression. The toxicity of pemetrexed was generally manageable, with most adverse events being grade 1 or 2.
CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Robert B. Diasio, Federico Innocenti, Steven M. Offer
Summary: There are approximately 20 effective drugs for treating colorectal cancer, including cytotoxic drugs, targeted therapeutics, and combination therapies. Targeted therapeutics can include monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and small molecule drugs. The first drug introduced for clinical use was 5-fluorouracil in the early 1960s, which remains a foundation for many CRC treatments.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Marco Avolio, Livio Trusolino
Summary: Patient-derived models have played a crucial role in advancing the understanding of colorectal cancer biology, leading to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and mechanisms of drug resistance. These models have also influenced clinical decision-making by providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms and treatment responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manash Jyoti Kalita, Kalpajit Dutta, Gautam Hazarika, Ridip Dutta, Simanta Kalita, Partha Pratim Das, Manash P. Sarma, Sofia Banu, Md. Ghaznavi Idris, Anjan Jyoti Talukdar, Sangitanjan Dutta, Ajanta Sharma, Subhash Medhi
Summary: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the world, the development of a cost-effective and efficient multiplex PCR detection assay for the virus has shown promising results. The study demonstrated rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 using innovative PCR techniques, with results comparable to commercially available kits. The novel approach has the potential for extended commercial applicability and offers a practical solution for resource-limited settings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jia-Xiong Kang, Guang-Kuan Zhao, Xiu-Ming Yang, Mou-Xin Huang, Wen-Qi Hui, Rong Zeng, Qin Ouyang
Summary: Reverse transcriptase (RT) is crucial for the replication of HIV and dual inhibitors targeting HIV RT associated polymerase and RNase H have been developed to overcome drug resistance. These dual inhibitors have advantages in increasing efficacy, reducing toxicity, and improving patient compliance. This review summarizes recent advances in drug design strategies and structure-activity relationships of polymerase/RNase H dual inhibitors, providing new insights into the development of anti-HIV drugs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian Bernard, Delphine Dargere, Oded Rechavi, Denis Dupuy
Summary: This study used Oxford Nanopore's long-read amplification-free sequencing technology to comprehensively analyze trans-splicing in worms and found evidence of trans-splicing for most genes. However, a subset of genes may only marginally undergo trans-splicing, possibly due to their capacity to generate a 5' terminal hairpin structure mimicking the spliced leader.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biology
Shamin Azwar, Heng Fong Seow, Maha Abdullah, Mohd Faisal Jabar, Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
Summary: Chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells, particularly to 5-FU, is a major factor contributing to treatment failure, with various mechanisms and pathways identified for this resistance. Efforts are ongoing to prevent and reverse this resistance, aiming to enhance the antitumor effects of 5-FU and improve overall survival for patients.