Article
Fisheries
A. Toffan, L. Biasini, T. Pretto, M. Abbadi, A. Buratin, R. Franch, G. Dalla Rovere, V. M. Panzarin, A. Marsella, L. Bargelloni, F. Pascoli
Summary: The study revealed that gilthead sea bream larvae are susceptible to RGNNV/SJNNV infection regardless of age, with clear clinical signs and mortality observed only in the youngest group. Survivors tested negative for specific antibodies. The replication efficiency of RGNNV/SJNNV was higher in 21-day-old larvae, correlating with disease outcomes.
Article
Fisheries
Serena Savoca, Miriam Abbadi, Anna Toffan, Cristian Salogni, Carmelo Iaria, Fabiano Capparucci, Rosita Quartesan, Giovanni Loris Alborali, Salvatore Guarnera, Giuseppe Cangemi, Fabio Marino
Summary: This study describes the first occurrence of VNN and LE co-occurring, which synergistically or simultaneously led to a mortality outbreak of Sparus aurata larvae. The samples collected from the cultured gilthead sea bream underwent histopathological, bacteriological, and virological analyses, identifying RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant betanodavirus and Vibrio alginolyticus.
Article
Immunology
Alberto Falco, Melissa Bello-Perez, Rocio Diaz-Puertas, Matthew Mold, Mikolaj Adamek
Summary: Different inactivation procedures were tested for developing an inactivated vaccine against a new deadly NNV isolate affecting European seabass, with UV-C irradiation and formalin treatment showing promising results as potential NNV-inactivation procedures for vaccine candidates.
Article
Fisheries
L. Peruzza, F. Pascoli, G. Dalla Rovere, R. Franch, S. Ferraresso, M. Babbucci, L. Biasini, M. Abbadi, V. Panzarin, A. Toffan, L. Bargelloni
Summary: The gilthead sea bream has long been resistant to Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV), but recent reassortant strains pose a threat. RNA-seq analysis of infected sea bream larvae showed significant gene regulation at early time points, indicating a possible interference of NNV against the host response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
P. Rameshkumar, C. Balachandran, S. Vairamuthu, G. Dhinakar Raj, J. John Kirubaharan, K. Nagarajan, B. M. Nazeera, P. Ezhil Praveena, K. P. Jithendran
Summary: Two disease outbreaks occurred in cage-cultured cobia fingerlings in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar during the summer months. The mortality rate was high, and the clinical signs and gross lesions indicated viral nervous necrosis and bacterial infection. Higher water temperature and other stress factors were identified as potential causes for the mass mortality.
Article
Fisheries
Lucia Vazquez-Salgado, Jose G. Olveira, Carlos P. Dopazo, Isabel Bandin
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of NNV in wild fish along the Galician Atlantic coast. The results showed that 22 fish (1.72%) tested positive for NNV, including two species in which the pathogen had not yet been reported. The study also identified two reassortant types of NNV and isolated four reassortant strains with amino acid mutations related to NNV-host interaction from European Pilchard and Atlantic Mackerel.
JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Enrico Volpe, Francesca Errani, Samuele Zamparo, Sara Ciulli
Summary: Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and its reassortant strains pose a significant threat to Mediterranean aquaculture. Implementing strict disinfection protocols can help reduce the spread of the viral disease VER caused by betanodaviruses. This study evaluated the virucidal activity of a commercial peroxy-acid disinfectant against RGNNV and its reassortant strain and found that the efficacy varies depending on concentrations, strains, and conditions of application.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Murat Kaplan, Kemal Pekmez, Abdurrahman Anil Cagirgan, Fatih Arslan, Buket Ozkan, Gulnur Kalayci
Summary: This study reports the detection of betanodavirus in gilthead sea bream in a marine fish farm in the Aegean Sea, and the identification of a reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV genotype, which is the first detection of this genotype in Turkish aquaculture.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Sumit Vinod Jungi, Pakkakul Sangsuriya, Suwimon Taengphu, Kornsunee Phiwsaiya, Molruedee Sonthi, Bunlung Nuangsaeng, Krishna R. Salin, Saengchan Senapin, Ha Thanh Dong
Summary: This study identified Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) of the RGNNV genotype as a virus associated with massive die-offs in imported pearl grouper fry in Thailand. The virus was found to localize in the vacuolation lesions of the central nervous system and retina of infected fish. Appropriate biosecurity measures are needed to prevent any loss to the marine aquaculture industry considering the infectious nature and broad host range of the virus.
Article
Fisheries
Murat Kaplan, Kemal Pekmez, Buket Ozkan, Abdurrahman Anil Cagirgan, Gulnur Kalayci
Summary: Betanodavirus, specifically the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype, was unexpectedly detected using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in apparently healthy sea bass in the Black Sea in Turkey. Despite initial detection, subsequent monitoring studies over a 3-year period showed no additional presence of the virus and no clinical symptoms related to VNN in marine fish farms in the area.
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Cahya Fusianto, Paul M. Hick, Murwantoko, Afri Herlambang, Richard J. Whittington, Joy A. Becker
Summary: A diagnostic study was conducted on mass mortality events in hybrid groupers in sea cages off the northern coast of Bali in 2016. The study revealed a high prevalence of NNV infection, with no significant differences between fish with and without clinical signs. MCV infection was also prevalent, with a significant proportion of clinically affected fish showing pathology consistent with ISKNV infection.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Juan Gemez-Mata, Sandra Souto, Isabel Bandin, Maria del Carmen Alonso, Juan Jose Borrego, Alejandro Manuel Labella, Esther Garcia-Rosado
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in immune responses triggered by different recombinants in infected sole, with the RNA2 mutant causing the most prominent immune response changes, especially the exclusive and high upregulation of genes related to the complement system. Infection with RNA1 mutants also led to reduced mortality and delayed replication compared to wt160, potentially causing the observed lag in immune response.
Article
Fisheries
N. Venkata Satyanarayana, M. Makesh, Avtar Sain, N. S. Jayaprakash, M. Kailasam, K. K. Vijayan
Summary: Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a serious viral disease in fish that can be screened using ELISA, and the immune response of Asian seabass can be monitored through antibody detection and RT-PCR.
FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
K. P. Jithendran, A. Navaneeth Krishnan, P. T. Aneesh, P. Ezhil Praveena, T. Bhuvaneswari
Summary: Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an acute viral disease affecting cultured marine fish, but cichlid fish, particularly Etroplus species, show a low susceptibility or resistance to this disease. Experimental results with orange chromide(Etroplus maculatus) showed moderate resistance to nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV genotype) with a survival rate of 50-75%.
AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yulema Valero, Jose G. Olveira, Carmen Lopez-Vazquez, Carlos P. Dopazo, Isabel Bandin
Summary: Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a serious threat to marine and freshwater fish species, and Senegalese sole in Mediterranean aquaculture is highly susceptible to NNV outbreaks. Vaccines for aquaculture, such as those based on formalin or binary ethylenimine (BEI) inactivation, have shown promise in inducing immune responses and improving survival rates in NNV-infected fish. Further research is needed to enhance the protection effectiveness of these vaccines and gain a deeper understanding of the immune mechanisms involved.