Article
Microbiology
Divakar Dahiya, Poonam Singh Nigam
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing disease development. Probiotic microorganisms, available in various forms such as fermented foods and freeze-dried supplements, are important in maintaining a healthy balance of gut bacteria and alleviating certain diseases.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Soyoung Oh, Haesook Seo
Summary: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota with aging decreases important cross-feeding bacterial reactions and contributes to immunosenescence and reduced vaccine efficacy. While fever, cough, and fatigue are the main symptoms of COVID-19, some patients also exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms. COVID-19 vaccination is crucial in reducing infection rates and disease severity, and the composition of the gut microbiota can influence vaccine immunogenicity, which decreases with age. This review discusses the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis and immunosenescence in older adults, the role of gut microbiota in enhancing COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, and dietary interventions to improve vaccine effectiveness in older adults.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Andrea Ballini, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Stefania Cantore, Skender Topi, Lucrezia Bottalico, Luigi Santacroce
Summary: Poor diet, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle have a significant impact on natural microbiota disorders, especially the intestinal one, leading to organ dysfunctions. The gut microbiota, which consists of over 500 species of bacteria and contributes to the host's resistance to diseases, has fueled the growing market of functional foods containing probiotics and prebiotics. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have allowed in-depth characterization of the gut microbiota and its connection to human health and diseases. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the association between functional foods and the composition of the intestinal microbiota, serving as a foundation for future research in this field.
Review
Microbiology
Morayma Ramirez Damian, Naima G. Cortes-Perez, Erika T. Quintana, Alicia Ortiz-Moreno, Cynthia Garfias Noguez, Carlos Eugenio Cruceno-Casarrubias, Maria Elena Sanchez Pardo, Luis G. Bermudez-Humaran
Summary: This chapter reviews the recent research and advancements in the field of functional foods, and discusses the future outlook in this area.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Noor Akram, Farhan Saeed, Muhammad Afzaal, Yasir Abbas Shah, Aiza Qamar, Zargham Faisal, Samia Ghani, Huda Ateeq, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Tabassum Tufail, Muzzamal Hussain, Aasma Asghar, Ammara Rasheed, Entessar Al Jbawi
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread devastation globally. The significance of gut microbiota in lung diseases has been extensively studied. Diet, environment, and genetics all have an impact on the composition of gut microbiota, which in turn affects the immune system. Improving the gut microbiota through personalized diet, nutrition, and supplementation has been shown to enhance immunity, potentially reducing the impact of various diseases.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Melisa Puntillo, Franco Segli, Claude P. Champagne, Yves Raymond, Gabriel Vinderola
Summary: Life expectancy has greatly improved in the past 200 years, but modern lifestyle factors may contribute to the rise of noncommunicable diseases. Microbial interventions offer potential solutions to treat or prevent these diseases, improving the quality of life.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jianan Yin, Xiuzhao Chen, Xiaobo Li, Guangbo Kang, Ping Wang, Yanqing Song, Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, Huabing Yin, He Huang
Summary: Metabolic interactions within gut microbiota are crucial for human health and disease. Researchers have developed a droplet-based method to isolate and enrich functional gut bacteria that can utilize specific metabolites. This approach, which does not require sophisticated instruments, allows for the obtainment of a more diverse and even community of bacteria.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Kun Yao, Xiaodong Wei, Haijun Wang, Xiazi Nie, Dai Qiang
Summary: This review comprehensively discusses the factors affecting thyroid gland function, types, risk factors, and symptoms of thyroid cancer. Lifestyle factors and pollutants can increase thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, thereby increasing the prevalence of thyroid cancer. The role of oral and gut microbiota as well as the application of probiotics in thyroid cancer are also discussed.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Mong-Hong Lee
Summary: Research has shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to physiological changes and various diseases, including cancers. Advances in metagenome sequencing and multiomics studies have provided insights into the composition, taxonomic alterations, and host interactions of gut microbiota during tumorigenesis. However, the complexity of gut microbiota interactions still presents challenges in fully understanding the microbiota-cancer connections and their implications for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
CANCER COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Monika Szulinska, Igor Loniewski, Matylda Kregielska-Narozna, Karolina Skonieczna-Zydecka, Tomasz Kosciolek, Valentyn Bezshapkin, Pawel Bogdanski
Summary: Probiotic intervention alters the influence of microbiota on biochemical, physiological, and immunological parameters, but does not affect diversity and taxonomic composition of the microbiota. Baseline microbiota is not a predictor of therapeutic response to a multispecies probiotic.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Andrea Piccioni, Marcello Covino, Marcello Candelli, Veronica Ojetti, Annunziata Capacci, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Giuseppe Merra
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and dynamic population of commensal bacteria that have evolved in symbiosis with the host. Diet plays a fundamental role in influencing the gut microbiota and understanding its beneficial effects on host metabolism. There is potential for probiotics to have a wider range of effects beyond influencing the colonizing microbiota, leading to innovation in the field. Food components can impact the composition of the intestinal microbiota, highlighting the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle.
MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mihaela Cristina Buhas, Laura Ioana Gavrilas, Rares Candrea, Adrian Catinean, Andrei Mocan, Doina Miere, Alexandru Tataru
Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune characteristics, and its pathogenesis is closely related to gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota through dietary approaches or supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics could serve as a novel therapeutic approach for psoriasis.
Review
Microbiology
Kunling Teng, Fuqing Huang, Yayong Liu, Yudong Wang, Tianqi Xia, Fangfei Yun, Jin Zhong
Summary: Gut microbes and their interactions with the host have an impact on human health and diseases. Bacteriocins, produced by gut commensals and food-originated bacteria, can inhibit pathogens and modulate gut microbiota. They are potential candidates for precision therapy of gut disorders. Lactic acid bacteria, including many probiotics, are the main producers of bacteriocins. Bacteriocin production is considered a probiotic trait that provides a competitive advantage to bacteria in colonizing the human gut and mediating interactions with the host ecosystem.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Divakar Dahiya, Poonam Singh Nigam
Summary: Biological, social, and psychological practices have a significant impact on dietary intake, leading to health-related complexities. The popularity of functional food and supplements, which offer nutraceutical benefits, has increased, providing people with various choices of fermented food and beverages. This review examines the characteristics of probiotics, prebiotics, post- and paraprobiotics, and their role in nutrition and health sustainability. Synbiotic supplements, which are blends of selected probiotic cultures and prebiotic substrates, have attracted consumers due to the range of health benefits they offer in the nutraceutical market.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antara Banerjee, Indumathi Somasundaram, Diptimayee Das, Samatha Jain Manoj, Husaina Banu, Pavane Mitta Suresh, Sujay Paul, Atil Bisgin, Hong Zhang, Xiao-Feng Sun, Asim K. Duttaroy, Surajit Pathak
Summary: Natural herbs and functional foods can boost the immune system and fight against viruses. Functional foods like prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers have positive effects on gut microbiota and immune function. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to health problems. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity and combating the effects of the virus.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Emidio Scarpellini, Jan Tack
Summary: Background: Since the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has caused the COVID-19 pandemic, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during and after COVID-19 are receiving increasing attention. Methods: We review and comment on the prevalence, pathophysiology, and potential treatment options for GI disturbances in COVID-19. Results: Numerous reports show that a significant portion of COVID-19 patients experience GI symptoms both during and after the disease, with some experiencing symptoms for several months, even after vaccination. There is an ongoing debate regarding the association between GI symptoms and the outcome of COVID-19 patients. However, it is widely recognized that patients with chronic liver disease have a worse outcome. The similarities between GI symptoms and postinfectious functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome suggest that the gut microbiota may play a role. Preliminary reports and clinical trials have shown that modulating the gut microbiota could be an effective approach for treating and preventing COVID-19. Conclusion: GI symptoms have a significant impact on the natural course of both long-COVID-19 and non-long-COVID-19. Modulating the gut microbiota appears to be a promising target for disease treatment and prevention.
REVIEWS ON RECENT CLINICAL TRIALS
(2023)
Correction
Medicine, General & Internal
Maurizio Gabrielli, Giulia Pignataro, Marcello Candelli, Marta Sacco Fernandez, Martina Bizzarri, Alessandra Esperide, Francesco Franceschi
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marialaura Scarcella, Emidio Scarpellini, Sara Piergallini, Emanuele Rinninella, Karen Routhiaux, Carlo Rasetti, Ludovico Abenavoli, Edoardo De Robertis, Pietro Manzi, Rita Commissari, Riccardo Monti, Michela Zanetti
Summary: In this study, we found that immune-nutrition (IN) can prevent malnutrition and decrease inflammatory markers in overweight patients with COVID-19 during the fourth wave of the pandemic in 2021.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Luigi Boccuto, Jan Tack, Gianluca Ianiro, Ludovico Abenavoli, Emidio Scarpellini
Summary: The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that includes bacteria, viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and yeasts. The gut microbiome refers to the genome of these microbes actively involved in functions such as digestion, immune system regulation, and metabolism. The interaction between the gut microbiome and human genes plays a crucial role in human health and disease.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ludovico Abenavoli, Giuseppe La Torre, Natasa Milic
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ludovico Abenavoli, Emidio Scarpellini, Maria Rosaria Paravati, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Luigi Boccuto, Bruno Tilocca, Paola Roncada, Francesco Luzza
Summary: Critically ill patients often experience a hyper-inflammatory response, which can cause severe damage to tissues and organs. It has been found that this harmful inflammatory cascade can be traced back to imbalances in the gut microbiota. Understanding the dysfunction and pathophysiology of the gut microbiota in critical patients is crucial for managing the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Various studies have shown that probiotics and immunonutrition can help attenuate systemic inflammation in critically ill patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Basilico, Marialaura Scarcella, Emanuele Rinninella, Nena Giostra, Stefano Marcelli, Carlo Rasetti, Jan Tack, Ludovico Abenavoli, Emidio Scarpellini
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of a standardized oral immuno-nutrition formula on COVID-19 patients. The findings showed that immuno-nutrition therapy can lower the levels of inflammatory markers, prevent the deterioration of BMI and phase angle, and prevent the development of malnutrition in overweight COVID-19 patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ludovico Abenavoli, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Maria Rosaria Paravati, Luigi Boccuto, Francesco Luzza, Emidio Scarpellini
Summary: Liver transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with certain liver conditions, but rejection after transplantation is a significant issue. The gut microbiota is involved in the gut-liver axis and can affect the immune response, potentially leading to graft rejection. Evaluating changes in the gut microbiota composition is essential for monitoring the success of liver transplantation and implementing appropriate preventive measures.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ludovico Abenavoli, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Emidio Scarpellini, Luigi Boccuto, Rocco Spagnuolo, Bruno Tilocca, Paola Roncada, Francesco Luzza
Summary: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a newly named condition that links non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic dysfunction. Its diagnosis is still debated and is generally associated with steatosis and at least one pathological condition among overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysregulation. The pathogenesis of MAFLD involves changes in the gut microbiota, which has also been investigated in other diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD. However, only a few studies have specifically correlated gut dysbiosis with MAFLD.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matteo Vitali, Stefano Marasco, Tatsiana Romenskaya, Angela Elia, Yaroslava Longhitano, Christian Zanza, Ludovico Abenavoli, Emidio Scarpellini, Alessandro Bertuccio, Andrea Barbanera
Summary: Traumatic brain injury is a severe pathology with significant social and economic concerns. Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving surgical option for treating elevated intracranial hypertension. This narrative review summarizes the literature and discusses key issues related to indication, timing, surgical procedure, outcome, and complications in adult patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Marcello Candelli, Giulia Pignataro, Marta Sacco Fernandez, Sara Cicchinelli, Antonio Gulli, Enrico Torelli, Maurizio Gabrielli, Andrea Piccioni, Marcello Covino, Veronica Ojetti, Massimo Antonelli, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi
Summary: This study aims to evaluate clinical and laboratory indicators associated with mortality and determine a prognostic score based on these variables. A score called ANCOC (Age, blood urea Nitrogen, C-reactive protein, Oxygen saturation, Comorbidities) was created to predict the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. The ANCOC score showed high diagnostic accuracy in predicting mortality.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ludovico Abenavoli, Rocco Spagnuolo, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Emidio Scarpellini, Luigi Boccuto, Francesco Luzza
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using ultrasound examination. The results showed that the prevalence of NAFLD in IBD patients was 23%, with higher values of age, body mass index, waist circumference, disease duration, and age at onset observed in NAFLD patients. Additionally, NAFLD patients also exhibited a higher percentage of hypertension and metabolic comorbidities.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)